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Vergelykende penologiese ondersoek rakende korrektiewebeleid en wetgewingDe Villiers, Elizabeth Ann 06 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English, and English title page / This thesis is an attempt to give a penological evaluation relating to A comparative
penological investigaion regarding Correctional Policy and Legislation, which is the aim
of this research.
This penological literature study will focus on an historic overview of the prison as an
institution for punishment. Besides the historical background of the South African
prison system it is also thereby placed on the policy and legislation of countries such
as the Netherland's and England's prison institutions. After the implementing of policy
and legislation in the prison systems the basis for an improved prison system was
formed.
Important core understandings of policy and the application of lawful prescriptions were
checked and the different levels of the policy were included in the South African
correctional system. Features of the policy and legislation were continually adapted
after the changing needs and circumstances on social, economic and political
environments. Consequently indicating in this comparative penological investigation
it has come to the conclusion that no penalty institution can function normally and
efficiently without a well-considered policy and legislation. It has been found that the
formulation and implementation of the policy and prescriptions are an important part of
the planning process of the correctional system.
Rational for the search for correctional policy and legislation are mainly examined in
South Africa and consequently it was to identify the respective policy and lawful
prescriptions. It was contracted against the background of the maintenance and
protection of a just, peaceful and safe society as the Law enforces verdicts of courts to
imposed, charge like all captive sentence safe conservation to while their human dignity
is assured and same time around the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, No 108 of 1996. This Act was also promoting the social responsibility and human
development of all prisoners and persons subject to community corrections.
The implementation of policy and lawful prescriptions were orderly emphasised to the
advantage or disadvantage of the captive and the prison system. This comparative
investigation gave recognisance to international principles over corrective events and
is included in a penological perspective at the same time. / Hierdie proefskrif is 'n poging om 'n teoretiese-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee oor 'n
Vergelykende penologiese ondersoek rakende Korrektiewebeleid en Wetgewing ten
einde die doelwit van hierdie navorsing te bereik.
'n Literatuurstudie oor die historiese ontwikkeling van die gevangenis as strafinrigting
is ingestel en is gefokus op die gevangenisstelsels in Suid-Afrika, Engeland en Nederland.
Benewens hierdie historiese agtergrond is die doel om die ontwikkeling van die
strafbeleid en wetgewing in oorsese lande en in Suid-Afrika te identifiseer ten einde die
verandering binne die gevangenisstelsels te verstaan. Hierdie gebeurtenisse van
vroeer en hedendaags het die grondslag gevorm vir 'n verbeterde gevangenisstelsel.
Belangrike kernbegrippe van beleid en die toepassing van wetlike voorskrifte is
nagegaan en die verskillende vlakke van beleid wat betrekking het op die Suid-Afrikaanse
korrektiewe stelsel is omskryf. Wetgewing is as die hoogste vlak van beleid beskryf en gevolglik word beleid en wetgewing voortdurend aangepas na gelang van
veranderde behoeftes en omstandighede op maatskaplike-, ekonomiese- en politieke
terreine.
In hierdie penologiese ondersoek is aangedui dat geen strafinstelling normaal en
doeltreffend kan funksioneer sonder 'n deurdagte beleid en wetgewing nie. Daar is
aangedui dat die formulering en implementering van die beleid en voorskrifte deel is van
die beplanningsproses van die korrektiewe stelsel.
Die rasionaal van korrektiewebeleid en wetgewing is hoofsaaklik in Suid-Afrika
ondersoek en is onderskeie beleidsrigting en wetlike voorskrifte in oenskou geneem.
Oit is gedoen teen die agtergrond van die instandhouding en beskerming van 'n
regverdige, vreedsame en veilige samelewing wat deur die Wet voorgeskryf is om alle
gevangenes in veilige bewaring aan te hou terwyl hul menswaardigheid verseker word.
Dienooreenkomstig is daar uitvoering gegee aan die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, No 108 van 1996 en bevorder hierdie Wet die maatskaplike verantwoordelikheid
en die menslike ontwikkeling van aile gevangenes en persone onderworpe
aan gemeenskapskorreksies.
Die implemetering van korrektiewebeleid en wetlike voorskrifte is menigmale
beklemtoon tot voordeel of nadeel van die gevangene en die gevangenisstelsel.
Terselfdertyd is daar in hierdie vergelykende penologiese navorsing erkenning gegee
aan internasionale beginsels oor korrektiewe aangeleenthede en is dit terselfdetyd in
penologiese perspektief geplaas. / Criminology and Security Science / D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
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Energetický systém a energetická politika ČR v mezinárodních souvislostech / The energy system and the energy policy of the Czech Republic in the international contextHanzlíková, Helena January 2010 (has links)
The economic level of the individual states, the community and the global economy depends on reliable activity and the results of individual economic sectors and subsectors, including all participants in this process. From the entire spectrum of economic sectors the energy sector has been selected as the most important and critical infrastructure in the Czech Republic, the EU, and in the world. The selected energy sector subdivides into other subsectors: electricity, natural gas and oil. The work deals with the analysis of the above mentioned sectors, their fundamentals, stocks, consumption, equipment, resources, entities, price developments and potential risks. The aim of the work is to analyse the state of the energy resources in the Czech Republic, the EU, and in the world, including current and potential threats, to which the key infrastructures have to face.
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An analysis of the prevention of police brutality in the Western CapeRushton, William 02 1900 (has links)
South Africa has been synonymous with police brutality for many years. This stigma remains till this day. The South African Police Service and the Government has tried in vain to change the image of the South African Police Service. This research was conducted to analyse the prevention of police brutality in the Western Cape, focusing on Cape Town. This will include the effects police brutality has had on the community, and the resulting breakdown of relations between the police and the community.
This study will compare statistics of police brutality related incidents from South Africa with that of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia and Nigeria. This comparison will indicate if South Africans do suffer more brutality cases at the hands of the police or is brutality by police officers a worldwide phenomenon. The research questions that were asked during this study are if police brutality is a problem, why does police brutality occur, how does it affect the community and what can be done to prevent police brutality.
This study used a mixed method of research methodology to attempt the answer the complex questions asked. This included survey questionnaires that were distributed to police officials, Community Police Forum members and the community around the Cape Town Central Business District. Semi structured interviews were held with members of the police’s departmental hearing section. Literature was also obtained regarding police brutality.
Prevention of police brutality strategies from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia and Nigeria were obtained to compare these strategies and determine which have been successful and could be a benefit to the South African Police Service. The current strategies the South African Police Service have also put in place will be discussed which will include legislation, white paper on safety and security, the green paper on police practice and the National Development plan 2030.
Combining all the information obtained, this research will provide findings regarding the phenomenon of police brutality and possible recommendations that could assist with the prevention of police brutality. This in turn will help build a better relationship between the South African Police Service and its Citizens that they swore to protect and serve. / Criminology and Security Science / M. A. (Criminal Justice)
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Radicals and reactionaries : the polarisation of community and government in the name of public safety and securityWeeks, Douglas M. January 2013 (has links)
The contemporary threat of terrorism has changed the ways in which government and the public view the world. Unlike the existential threat from nation states in previous centuries, today, government and the public spend much of their effort looking for the inward threat. Brought about by high profile events such as 9/11, 7/7, and 3/11, and exacerbated by globalisation, hyper-connected social spheres, and the media, the threats from within are reinforced daily. In the UK, government has taken bold steps to foment public safety and public security but has also been criticised by some who argue that government actions have labelled Muslims as the ‘suspect other'. This thesis explores the counter-terrorism environment in London at the community/government interface, how the Metropolitan Police Service and London Fire Brigade deliver counter-terrorism policy, and how individuals and groups are reacting. It specifically explores the realities of the lived experience of those who make up London's ‘suspect community' and whether or not counter-terrorism policy can be linked to further marginalisation, radicalism, and extremism. By engaging with those that range from London's Metropolitan Police Service's Counterterrorism Command (SO15) to those that make up the radical fringe, an ethnographic portrait is developed. Through that ethnographic portrait the ‘ground truth' and complexities of the lived experience are made clear and add significant contrast to the aseptic policy environment.
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