Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is a versatile and essential tool for law enforcement, first responders, utility providers, and the general public. Integrating the UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS) poses a significant challenge to policymakers and manufacturers. A UAS Integration Safety and Security Technology Ontology (ISSTO) has been developed in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to aid in this integration. ISSTO is a domain ontology covering aviation topics corresponding to flights, aircraft types, manufacturers, temporal/spatial, waivers and authorizations, track data, NAS facilities, air traffic control advisories, weather phenomena, surveillance and security equipment, and events, sensor types, radio frequency ranges, actions, and outcomes. As ISSTO is a domain ontology, it models the current state of UAS integration into the NAS and provides a comprehensive view of every aspect of UAS.

Yes / The rapid progress of the Internet of Things (IoT) has continued to offer humanity numerous benefits, including many security and safety-critical applications. However, unlocking the full potential of IoT applications, especially in high-consequence domains, requires the assurance that IoT devices will not constitute risk hazards to the users or the environment. To design safe, secure, and reliable IoT systems, numerous frameworks have been proposed to analyse the safety and security, among other properties. This paper reviews some of the prominent classical and model-based system engineering (MBSE) approaches for IoT systems’ safety and security analysis. The review established that most analysis frameworks are based on classical manual approaches, which independently evaluate the two properties. The manual frameworks tend to inherit the natural limitations of informal system modelling, such as human error, a cumbersome processes, time consumption, and a lack of support for reusability. Model-based approaches have been incorporated into the safety and security analysis process to simplify the analysis process and improve the system design’s efficiency and manageability. Conversely, the existing MBSE safety and security analysis approaches in the IoT environment are still in their infancy. The limited number of proposed MBSE approaches have only considered limited and simple scenarios, which are yet to adequately evaluate the complex interactions between the two properties in the IoT domain. The findings of this survey are that the existing methods have not adequately addressed the analysis of safety/security interdependencies, detailed cyber security quantification analysis, and the unified treatment of safety and security properties. The existing classical and MBSE frameworks’ limitations obviously create gaps for a meaningful assessment of IoT dependability. To address some of the gaps, we proposed a possible research direction for developing a novel MBSE approach for the IoT domain’s safety and security coanalysis framework.

In recent years, the rapid advancement of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has led to an increasingly complex National Airspace System (NAS), necessitating a comprehensive understanding of factors that impact pilot visual acquisition and detection of other aircraft (including manned fixed-wing, rotorcraft, and UAS). The objective of this study is to investigate factors that affect pilot performance in visually acquiring and detecting other manned-fixed wing aircraft and manned rotorcraft using a multi-method approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative data analysis. A diverse sample of pilots with varying flight experience participated in the study. Participants were exposed to a series of flight test scenarios in a high-fidelity flight test campaign using different flight paths and detecting different types of aircraft, designed to replicate real-world airspace encounters with other aircraft. Post-flight interviews were conducted, and situational awareness questionnaires and NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) were administered to capture insights on the pilots’ experiences. The goal was to determine the level at which aircraft characteristics, test subjects’ situational awareness and workload, flight conditions, and environmental conditions influenced visual acquisition and detection. All interviews were subjected to several cycles of meticulous coding and subcoding processes to discern both individual and co-occurring factors affecting visual detection capabilities. Additionally, a rigorous statistical analysis was executed on the data derived from the situational awareness questionnaires and NASA-TLX to extract quantitative insights into pilot-centric metrics influencing visual detection. The amalgamated results from both the qualitative and quantitative analyses were synthesized to construct a comprehensive representation of all variables influencing visual detection, in addition to delineating the parallels between factors that affect visual acquisition in both manned fixed-wing and rotorcraft detection scenarios.

Research examining college choice has traditionally focused on factors relating to demographics of the student and the college/university. Less attention has been directed towards how safety and security of the campus and the surrounding community play a role in college choice. In addition, some studies have examined students’ fear of crime, perception of safety and security, and perception of public safety; however, there is still much to be learned. The current study sought to further the research by (1) assessing how campus safety and security impacts enrollment decisions, (2) assessing how students perceive fear of crime and their personal safety, and (3) determining how students view campus public safety officers and the various programs/policies designed to improve their safety. Survey data was gathered from a sample of students attending East Tennessee State University. Results suggested that several factors played a role in the outcomes of interest. Findings served to better our understanding of the topic and promote future research in the field.

The influence of urban design on the safety and security of public spaces has been studied across various disciplines, as the environment shapes human behavior. Feminist theories take this further by asserting that not only do urban elements influence our behavior, but sociocultural characteristics also condition our perception of safety, thus limiting how we use urban spaces. Urban planning is not neutral, and neglecting the needs of the most vulnerable groups in the design process perpetuates societal injustices in the spaces we inhabit. This thesis aims to identify (un)safe areas in Umeå, Sweden, using an intersectional and feminist perspective, incorporating diverse analyses into a GIS workflow. Through a mixed-methods approach that combines GIS analyses with safety perception surveys, the research explores the meanings of urban safety in Sweden's diverse society, assesses concerns overlooked by feminist urban design principles, and examines how Umeå's urban morphology and social context influence perceptions of (un)safety. The findings from surveys and GIS analyses highlight disparities in safety perceptions, influenced by factors such as gender, familiarity with the area, and access to amenities. Significant contrasts are observed between the local population and newcomers, especially regarding definitions of urban safety and prioritized elements. Low-density residential neighbourhoods, lacking everyday facilities and dependent on cars, hinder the development of support networks and accessibility for various groups. In contrast, high-density areas with a wide variety of facilities have greater demographic diversity and better access to support networks. However, safety perceptions in these areas are dichotomous: some feel protected, while others view these urban centers as impersonal and more prone to violence. Incorporating safety perception into urban safety studies is crucial for addressing the real issues of the territory, influenced not only by physical urban design features but also by sociocultural conditions, reputation, or site history. Other factors, such as climate and snow, need further study, as in cold climates like Umeå, they drastically affect urban safety for much of the year. The study underscores the need for integrated urban safety strategies that combine community engagement, inclusive designs, and accurate data analysis to create safer urban environments. Including the population in decision-making for their neighborhoods and raising awareness to create neighborhood identities based on a safe perception is indispensable for developing urban practices with an intersectional perspective.

Crime prevention is important for creating safe and secure urban environments. In recent years, gang crime and offences have been increasingly discussed in the Swedish debate. Previous research shows that physical design can be used from a crime prevention perspective. Research shows that physical design can influence the occurrence of crime and reduce the sense of fear of crime. This master thesis aimed to study crime prevention measures in relation to physical design in two different areas in Sweden, and how it affects residents' perception of safety and security.The results show that both neighbourhoods work with physical design to prevent crime, but thereare differences and similarities, and that the physical environment affects residents' sense of safety and security in different ways. The results also show that it is important to create an environment that encourages social encounters in order to create a strong community among residents.The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with planners, landscape architects,architects and property owners. Walking interviews were also conducted with residents of the two neighbourhoods. Document analysis of reports and crime statistics was carried out.

A building in the heart of Newtown, Johannesburg that incorporates a mix of uses appropriate to its context. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Architecture / unrestricted

Safety policy deals with processes of security in company to protect assets regardless of a branch office size. Nowadays is the company exposed to a lot of threats and risks, which the company has to face to prevent work threats. This risks and threats don't have to be caused by competition, they can caused randomly, sporadically and someone can't be avoided or its protection is too expensive, whereas protection against some hazards can be easy or cheap. Analysis and appropriate safety actions are made for correct examination. This thesis put mind to create complete suggestion of safety policy for a small Czech branch of an international company. It contains required analyses, tips, theoretical solutions, policy for personal management and changes for easier suggestion of necessary safety documents. I made use of up-to-date information from the domain of security during the process, but special care has been made while writing the concepts, so that the document's contents wouldn't age so quickly.

La resilienza alimentare, definizione approvata in tutto il mondo a seguito di molti studi che analizzano questo argomento, è la "capacità nel tempo di un sistema alimentare e delle sue unità a più livelli, di fornire cibo sufficiente, appropriato e accessibile a tutti, a fronte di diverse e disturbi anche imprevisti ”1; In Libano, la resilienza e la sostenibilità del sistema agricolo e alimentare sono sempre state discutibili. In una regione instabile con politiche e istituzioni di governance fragili, distorsione del commercio e bassa qualità del cibo, tra molti altri fattori, meritano attenzione la resilienza e la sostenibilità del sistema agricolo e alimentare. Questo studio analizzerà l'impatto di questi sistemi sulla resilienza e sostenibilità alimentare, concentrandosi su 7 sotto-pilastri del sistema agricolo e alimentare in Libano: (1) Economico, (2) Sociale, (3) Governance, (4) Istituzioni, (5) pratiche ambientali, (6) sicurezza alimentare e nutrizione e (7) risorse naturali; fusa in tre capitali: (1) Capitale socioeconomico, (2) Capitale di governance e istituzioni e (3) Pratiche ambientali, Sicurezza alimentare e nutrizione e Capitale delle risorse naturali. Per ogni pilastro verrà analizzata una serie di indicatori e di conseguenza verrà presentato ai ministeri un elenco di raccomandazioni e pianificazione. Le interconnessioni tra tutti questi pilastri / capitali rappresenteranno l'ultimo legame tra tutte le componenti del sistema agricolo e alimentare e come una performance ideale richieda attenzione a molti indicatori. Molti aspetti trascurati dagli indici internazionali, come il GFSI (Global Food Security Index) e il Food Sustainability Index, si aggiungeranno all'indice che andremo a disegnare. Inoltre, verrà effettuata un'analisi comparativa utilizzando l'indice prima e dopo la crisi siriana al fine di testare la capacità di questo indice di anticipare i meccanismi di coping e di capire come funziona il sistema quando è colpito da uno shock. L'indice creato verrà utilizzato per monitorare lo stato ogni anno e non è utilizzabile una tantum. L'indice per il Libano, dopo aver applicato il quadro di analisi, è compreso tra 0,25 e 0,5, indicando che il Paese sta funzionando in modo inadeguato ed è altamente a rischio se non vengono effettuati interventi, e continuerà a comportarsi in questo modo di fronte a un nuovo shock . Ciò supporta la conclusione che il sistema alimentare in Libano non è resiliente e che la sicurezza alimentare e la sicurezza delle persone in Libano sono a rischio, il che potrebbe portare alla conseguenza finale: la fame. Parole chiave: crisi, sostenibilità, resilienza, indice, indicatori, sicurezza alimentare, sicurezza alimentare, politiche, correlazione. / Food resilience, definition approved worldwide as a result of many studies analyzing this topic, is the “capacity over time of a food system and its units at multiple levels, to provide sufficient, appropriate and accessible food to all, in the face of various and even unforeseen disturbances”1; In Lebanon, the resilience and sustainability of the agricultural and food system have always been questionable. In a volatile region with fragile governance policies and institutions, trade distortion, and low food quality, among many other factors, the resilience and the sustainability of the agricultural and food system are worth the attention. This study will analyze the impact of these systems on food resilience and sustainability, focusing on 7 sub-pillars of the agricultural and food system in Lebanon: (1) Economic, (2) Social, (3) Governance, (4) Institutions, (5) Environmental Practices, (6) Food Safety and Nutrition and (7) Natural resources; merged under three capitals: (1) Socio- Economic Capital, (2) Governance and Institutions Capital and (3) Environmental Practices, Food Safety and Nutrition and Natural Resources Capital. For each pillar, a set of indicators will be analyzed and a list of recommendations and planning will be presented to the ministries accordingly. The interlinks between all these pillars/capitals will portray the ultimate link between all components of the agricultural and food system, and how an ideal performance requires attention to many indicators. Many aspects missed from international indexes, such as the GFSI (Global Food Security Index) and the Food Sustainability Index, will be added to the index we will be designing. In addition, a comparative analysis will be done using the index before and after the Syrian crisis in order to test the capacity of this index to anticipate coping mechanisms and to understand how the system works when affected by a shock. The index created will be used to track the status each year and is not of a one-off use. The index for Lebanon, after applying the framework of analysis, is between 0.25 and 0.5, indicating that the country is performing inadequately and is highly at risk if no interventions take place, and will continue to perform this way in the face of a new shock. This supports the conclusion that the food system in Lebanon is not resilient, and that the food security and safety of people in Lebanon is at risk, which overtime might lead to the ultimate consequence – hunger.

School shootings and emergencies have created the need for educators to be proficient in emergency response procedures; yet they do not always receive the requisite training. The lack of an established delineated training program for New Jersey, kindergarten to Grade 12 institutions has created a situation where educator preparedness varies immensely at schools. Numerous national events of targeted school violence have exemplified the need for quick and proper responses by educators to mitigate the tragic results until first responders arrive. The purpose and goal of this study was to assess educators’ perceptions and to determine the best practices in creating a comprehensive safety and security training program to prepare educators for school crises in order to offer a model for stakeholders to follow or gain ideas to improve their institution’s specific school safety and security emergency plans. Guided by the U.S. Department of Education’s best practices in developing high-quality school safety plans, this study analyzed the perceptions of 60 educators in one New Jersey kindergarten to Grade 12 school on the effectiveness of training. A mixed-methods approach, using a survey questionnaire and interviews, measured changes in the perceptions of these educators after the 15-week program. Data results included a revelation of the implementation of a comprehensive school safety and security plan with related training program resulted in a statistically significant increase in the perceptions of educators’ knowledge and abilities to respond effectively to school targeted violence and emergencies. These findings support the concept that best practices in the field of school safety and security management include appropriate and comprehensive school safety and security plans and training for educators to combat and mitigate school targeted violence and emergent events.