Title of the master thesis: The evaluation of the effect of yoga asanas on the position of the pelvis Abstract in English language: The aim of this paper is to verify the influence of exercise-specific assemblies of yogic asanas on the position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane, as another parameter, we chose the change in extension of the spine in a plane sagittal. The two-month exercise program is compiled so that it can affect the length and tension of the major muscles, having an effect on the position of the pelvis and correct its excessive anteversion, or retroversion. The content of the exercise program is supported by the theoretical background from the fields of anatomy, kinesiology, biomechanics, and also from the field of yogic theory and practice. The exercise was conducted once a week in groups (90 minutes), under the guidance of a physiotherapist and on the form of autotherapy in an abbreviated version (about 16 minutes) six times a week. The exercise group comprised young people (n=12) aged 20-30 years without any known structural deformities axial body or a serious functional deficit of the locomotive body. The measurements have been carried out in the laboratory of biomechanics using 3D kinematic analysis system Qualisys. The results indicate that the exercise of yoga asanas has...

A análise da cinemática articular do joelho apresenta-se como fator fundamental na compreensão da função musculoesquelética e mecânica articular. No âmbito clínico, a avaliação do padrão normal de parâmetros biomecânicos, permite a obtenção de valores de referência para comparações com diferentes grupos de indivíduos lesados ou submetidos à cirurgia. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo mapear a normalidade de parâmetros biomecânicos da articulação do joelho, obtidos no plano sagital, durante a extensão do joelho em cadeia cinética aberta, sem carga, utilizando videofluoroscopia. Especificamente, pretende estimar o comportamento do centro de rotação tibiofemoral e patelofemoral, distância perpendicular do ligamento patelar e efetiva dos extensores de joelho, torque de resistência do segmento perna-pé, força do ligamento patelar, força do músculo quadríceps e força de contato patelofemoral, razão entre a força do ligamento patelar e a força do músculo quadríceps, razão entre a força de contato patelofemoral e a força do músculo quadríceps, pressão patelofemoral e tilt patelar ântero-posterior. Para a determinação dos parâmetros biomecânicos foram obtidas imagens radiográficas dinâmicas, por meio de videofluoroscopia, a partir da análise da articulação do joelho no plano sagital, de vinte e cinco indivíduos, executando três repetições do exercício de extensão de joelho em cadeia cinética aberta, sem carga externa aplicada à tíbia. As imagens obtidas foram reproduzidas e digitalizadas utilizando uma placa de captura da marca Silicon Graphics 320. Foram desenvolvidas rotinas computacionais utilizando o software Matlab para processamento e análise dos dados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se o pacote estatístico SPSS, versão 13.0. Foram plotados os valores obtidos para cada parâmetro em função do ângulo de flexão do joelho, para todos os indivíduos da amostra, e realizada uma análise de regressão entre as variáveis interpoladas, obtendo-se respectivo intervalo de confiança e coeficiente de determinação (r2). A partir dos resultados obtidos, foram verificadas correlações muito forte, forte e regular entre os parâmetros do estudo e o ângulo de flexão do joelho, indicando a possibilidade de mapear a normalidade dos parâmetros cinemáticos e cinéticos da articulação do joelho. / The kinetic and kinematics analysis of the knee joint is considered to be of prime importance in the understanding of the musculoskeletal function and joint mechanics. In the clinical scope, the biomechanics evaluation of the normal standard of biomechanics parameters, allow the attainment of indexes of reference for compare different groups of injured individuals or submitted to surgery. On this way, the present study has as the main goal estimate the normality of biomechanics parameters of the knee joint, gotten in the sagittal plane, during the knee extension in open kinetic chain, without load, by means of videofluoroscopy. Specifically, it intends to estimate how the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral rotation center behave, the patellar ligament moment arm and the effective moment arm of the knee extensors muscle group, the resistance torque of the segment leg-foot, patellar ligament force, quadriceps muscle force and patellofemoral joint contact force, the ratio between the patellar ligament force and quadriceps muscle force, the ratio between patellofemoral joint contact force and quadriceps muscle force, patellofemoral pressure and the anteroposterior patellar tilt. For the determination of these biomechanics parameters, dynamic radiographic images had been gotten, by means of videofluoroscopy. From the analysis of the knee joint in the sagittal plane, from twenty-five individuals, performing three repetitions of the knee extension exercise in open kinetic chain, without applied external load to the tibia. The gotten images had been reproduced and digitalized using a capture plate - Silicon Graphics 320. There been developed specific computational routines using Matlab software for processing and analysis of the data. The gotten data had been analyzed statistically using the statistical package SPSS, version 13.0. The gotten values for each parameter related to the knee angle of flexion had been plotted, for all the individuals of the sample, and carried through an regression analysis between the interpolated variables, getting respective reliable interval and coefficient of determination (r2). In the light of these findings, correlations had been verified to be strong, very strong and also very regular among the parameters of the present study and the angle of knee flexion, indicating the possibility of estimate the normality of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the knee joint.

A análise da cinemática articular do joelho apresenta-se como fator fundamental na compreensão da função musculoesquelética e mecânica articular. No âmbito clínico, a avaliação do padrão normal de parâmetros biomecânicos, permite a obtenção de valores de referência para comparações com diferentes grupos de indivíduos lesados ou submetidos à cirurgia. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo mapear a normalidade de parâmetros biomecânicos da articulação do joelho, obtidos no plano sagital, durante a extensão do joelho em cadeia cinética aberta, sem carga, utilizando videofluoroscopia. Especificamente, pretende estimar o comportamento do centro de rotação tibiofemoral e patelofemoral, distância perpendicular do ligamento patelar e efetiva dos extensores de joelho, torque de resistência do segmento perna-pé, força do ligamento patelar, força do músculo quadríceps e força de contato patelofemoral, razão entre a força do ligamento patelar e a força do músculo quadríceps, razão entre a força de contato patelofemoral e a força do músculo quadríceps, pressão patelofemoral e tilt patelar ântero-posterior. Para a determinação dos parâmetros biomecânicos foram obtidas imagens radiográficas dinâmicas, por meio de videofluoroscopia, a partir da análise da articulação do joelho no plano sagital, de vinte e cinco indivíduos, executando três repetições do exercício de extensão de joelho em cadeia cinética aberta, sem carga externa aplicada à tíbia. As imagens obtidas foram reproduzidas e digitalizadas utilizando uma placa de captura da marca Silicon Graphics 320. Foram desenvolvidas rotinas computacionais utilizando o software Matlab para processamento e análise dos dados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se o pacote estatístico SPSS, versão 13.0. Foram plotados os valores obtidos para cada parâmetro em função do ângulo de flexão do joelho, para todos os indivíduos da amostra, e realizada uma análise de regressão entre as variáveis interpoladas, obtendo-se respectivo intervalo de confiança e coeficiente de determinação (r2). A partir dos resultados obtidos, foram verificadas correlações muito forte, forte e regular entre os parâmetros do estudo e o ângulo de flexão do joelho, indicando a possibilidade de mapear a normalidade dos parâmetros cinemáticos e cinéticos da articulação do joelho. / The kinetic and kinematics analysis of the knee joint is considered to be of prime importance in the understanding of the musculoskeletal function and joint mechanics. In the clinical scope, the biomechanics evaluation of the normal standard of biomechanics parameters, allow the attainment of indexes of reference for compare different groups of injured individuals or submitted to surgery. On this way, the present study has as the main goal estimate the normality of biomechanics parameters of the knee joint, gotten in the sagittal plane, during the knee extension in open kinetic chain, without load, by means of videofluoroscopy. Specifically, it intends to estimate how the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral rotation center behave, the patellar ligament moment arm and the effective moment arm of the knee extensors muscle group, the resistance torque of the segment leg-foot, patellar ligament force, quadriceps muscle force and patellofemoral joint contact force, the ratio between the patellar ligament force and quadriceps muscle force, the ratio between patellofemoral joint contact force and quadriceps muscle force, patellofemoral pressure and the anteroposterior patellar tilt. For the determination of these biomechanics parameters, dynamic radiographic images had been gotten, by means of videofluoroscopy. From the analysis of the knee joint in the sagittal plane, from twenty-five individuals, performing three repetitions of the knee extension exercise in open kinetic chain, without applied external load to the tibia. The gotten images had been reproduced and digitalized using a capture plate - Silicon Graphics 320. There been developed specific computational routines using Matlab software for processing and analysis of the data. The gotten data had been analyzed statistically using the statistical package SPSS, version 13.0. The gotten values for each parameter related to the knee angle of flexion had been plotted, for all the individuals of the sample, and carried through an regression analysis between the interpolated variables, getting respective reliable interval and coefficient of determination (r2). In the light of these findings, correlations had been verified to be strong, very strong and also very regular among the parameters of the present study and the angle of knee flexion, indicating the possibility of estimate the normality of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the knee joint.

A análise da cinemática articular do joelho apresenta-se como fator fundamental na compreensão da função musculoesquelética e mecânica articular. No âmbito clínico, a avaliação do padrão normal de parâmetros biomecânicos, permite a obtenção de valores de referência para comparações com diferentes grupos de indivíduos lesados ou submetidos à cirurgia. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo mapear a normalidade de parâmetros biomecânicos da articulação do joelho, obtidos no plano sagital, durante a extensão do joelho em cadeia cinética aberta, sem carga, utilizando videofluoroscopia. Especificamente, pretende estimar o comportamento do centro de rotação tibiofemoral e patelofemoral, distância perpendicular do ligamento patelar e efetiva dos extensores de joelho, torque de resistência do segmento perna-pé, força do ligamento patelar, força do músculo quadríceps e força de contato patelofemoral, razão entre a força do ligamento patelar e a força do músculo quadríceps, razão entre a força de contato patelofemoral e a força do músculo quadríceps, pressão patelofemoral e tilt patelar ântero-posterior. Para a determinação dos parâmetros biomecânicos foram obtidas imagens radiográficas dinâmicas, por meio de videofluoroscopia, a partir da análise da articulação do joelho no plano sagital, de vinte e cinco indivíduos, executando três repetições do exercício de extensão de joelho em cadeia cinética aberta, sem carga externa aplicada à tíbia. As imagens obtidas foram reproduzidas e digitalizadas utilizando uma placa de captura da marca Silicon Graphics 320. Foram desenvolvidas rotinas computacionais utilizando o software Matlab para processamento e análise dos dados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se o pacote estatístico SPSS, versão 13.0. Foram plotados os valores obtidos para cada parâmetro em função do ângulo de flexão do joelho, para todos os indivíduos da amostra, e realizada uma análise de regressão entre as variáveis interpoladas, obtendo-se respectivo intervalo de confiança e coeficiente de determinação (r2). A partir dos resultados obtidos, foram verificadas correlações muito forte, forte e regular entre os parâmetros do estudo e o ângulo de flexão do joelho, indicando a possibilidade de mapear a normalidade dos parâmetros cinemáticos e cinéticos da articulação do joelho. / The kinetic and kinematics analysis of the knee joint is considered to be of prime importance in the understanding of the musculoskeletal function and joint mechanics. In the clinical scope, the biomechanics evaluation of the normal standard of biomechanics parameters, allow the attainment of indexes of reference for compare different groups of injured individuals or submitted to surgery. On this way, the present study has as the main goal estimate the normality of biomechanics parameters of the knee joint, gotten in the sagittal plane, during the knee extension in open kinetic chain, without load, by means of videofluoroscopy. Specifically, it intends to estimate how the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral rotation center behave, the patellar ligament moment arm and the effective moment arm of the knee extensors muscle group, the resistance torque of the segment leg-foot, patellar ligament force, quadriceps muscle force and patellofemoral joint contact force, the ratio between the patellar ligament force and quadriceps muscle force, the ratio between patellofemoral joint contact force and quadriceps muscle force, patellofemoral pressure and the anteroposterior patellar tilt. For the determination of these biomechanics parameters, dynamic radiographic images had been gotten, by means of videofluoroscopy. From the analysis of the knee joint in the sagittal plane, from twenty-five individuals, performing three repetitions of the knee extension exercise in open kinetic chain, without applied external load to the tibia. The gotten images had been reproduced and digitalized using a capture plate - Silicon Graphics 320. There been developed specific computational routines using Matlab software for processing and analysis of the data. The gotten data had been analyzed statistically using the statistical package SPSS, version 13.0. The gotten values for each parameter related to the knee angle of flexion had been plotted, for all the individuals of the sample, and carried through an regression analysis between the interpolated variables, getting respective reliable interval and coefficient of determination (r2). In the light of these findings, correlations had been verified to be strong, very strong and also very regular among the parameters of the present study and the angle of knee flexion, indicating the possibility of estimate the normality of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the knee joint.

Title: Effect of Kinesio Taping on the functional condition of the musculoskeletal system The concept of the problem: The kinesiotaping method is currently very popular therapeutic method in sport as well as in physiotherapy. Although this method was primarily developed as therapeutic method, there is only a few studies, in which the kinesiotaping method is used on healthy individuals. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the immediate effect of applied kinesio tape on changes in the range of motion of the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane on healthy individuals. Methods: The theoretical part deals with summary of the taping method as well as with anatomical and kinesiological aspects of flexion and extension of the thoracic spine. The practical part as an experiment (single blinded controlled trial) is dedicated to the application of kinesio and placebo tape, the way that both tapes were applied was specifically designed for the purpose of this thesis and for specifically selected individuals. For gathering the data and for the evaluation the changes in the range of motion, the index of thoracic spine mobility was used. Results: For experimental group - kinesio tape there were no statistically significant increase in the range of motion. Vice versa, according to the obtained...

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The purpose of this thesis was to study the outcome of Single Event Multilevel Surgery (SEMLS) on the gait pattern known as crouch gait in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The term “crouch gait” in the literature has been defined by many authors to mean a flexed knee coupled with many different combinations of posture at the ankle. Consequently it was necessary to provide a robust definition of crouch gait before the outcome study could proceed. Crouch gait was defined in the context of a classification of sagittal gait patterns in spastic diplegia. In the cross-sectional study on the classification of sagittal gait patterns, 187 children with spastic diplegia were categorised according to visual recognition of their gait pattern and sagittal plane kinematic data. Six gait patterns in spastic diplegia were identified, one of which was crouch gait. A pattern of increasing age, severity and biomechanical incompetency in maintaining an extended posture was seen across the gait patterns and crouch gait appeared to be the “end” gait pattern. A longitudinal study documented how the identified gait patterns evolved over time. Thirty-four children were followed for more than one year and the results indicated that the stability of the gait pattern was variable. The reliability of the classification was found to be acceptable. (For complete abstract open document)

Title: Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area level of the feet and the floor Objective: The aim of the dissertation was to verify how walking in high-heeled shoes influences the time and pressure parameters of the step cycle and posture during slow and very slow walking in low experienced wearers. Methods: The research study was an empirical, comparative intra-individual study. Pedar-X® measuring inserts (Novel, Munich, Germany) were used to measure the distribution of plantar pressures and to evaluate time parameters while walking on a conveyor belt at v1 = 0.97 ms-1 and v2 = 0.56 ms-1 in straight shoes and high-heeled shoes. SonoSens Monitor Analyzer® (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to assess posture. The research group consisted of thirty healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes occasionally (age: 21.8 ± 2.09 years, weight: 55.7 ± 4.05 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.03 m). Anova test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the Cohen coefficient d was used to calculate material significance. Results: Significant differences in time and plantar pressure variables were found when walking in high-heeled shoes compared to straight footwear. For both types of footwear, walking speed only affected time variables, but not dynamic...

Title: Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area level of the feet and the floor. Objective: The aim of the dissertation was to confirm how walking in high-heeled shoes influences the time and pressure parameters of the step cycle and posture during slow and very slow walking in low experienced wearers. Methods: The research study was an empirical, comparative intra-individual study. Pedar-X® measuring inserts (Novel, Munich, Germany) were used to measure the distribution of plantar pressures and to evaluate time parameters while walking on a conveyor belt at v1 = 0.97 ms-1 and v2 = 0.56 ms-1 in straight shoes and high-heeled shoes. SonoSens Monitor Analyzer® (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to assess posture. The research group consisted of thirty healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes occasionally (age: 21.8 ± 2.09 years, weight: 55.7 ± 4.05 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.03 m). Anova test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the Cohen coefficient d was used to calculate material significance. Results: Significant differences in time and plantar pressure variables were found when walking in high-heeled shoes compared to straight footwear. For both types of footwear, walking speed only affected time variables, but not dynamic...