In 2007, the Seamless Alignment and Integrated Learning Support (SAILS) program was implemented on a small scale at both Chattanooga State Community College (ChSCC) and Cleveland State Community College (CSCC) with the primary focus of implementing college remediation methods with area high school students during their senior year (ChSCC, n.d.). In cooperation with Governor Bill Haslam’s “Drive to 55” initiative within the State of Tennessee, the SAILS program expanded in 2013 to include 13 community colleges across Tennessee and has been touted as a possible solution to reducing the number of incoming college freshman who are required to participate in college remediation (Drive to 55 Alliance, 2016). The purpose of this study was to examine the student enrollments, withdrawals, final grades, and course completions as well as the gender and ethnicity of the SAILS versus Non-SAILS students who enrolled in the Math 1530, Probability and Statistics, course at one of six rural or urban community college campus locations at one community college in East Tennessee. The intent of the study was to provide additional insight regarding whether the SAILS program produces comparable student outcomes when compared to the Non-SAILS program students and whether the SAILS program adequately prepares the high student academically for a college level math course. This study included 833 students (349 SAILS and 484 Non-SAILS) at both rural and urban campus locations enrolled in Math 1530, Probability and Statistics. In general, the SAILS students performed comparably to the Non-SAILS students academically, although the proportion of Non-SAILS students overall tended to be higher in most comparisons. Gender was found not to vary significantly within the SAILS and Non-SAILS students, however race and ethnicity was highly skewed with 95% of students being White-Non-Hispanic. This study provides information regarding the effectiveness of the SAILS program and offers insight into how high school students may perform in a college-level math course upon completion of the SAILS program.

Gossamer membranes are large, ultra light weight, highly flexible thin films. They have been proposed for use as elements in systems such as solar sails and optical apertures, whose large areas require a low-mass material that can be launched in a compact package and then deployed to operational configuration upon reaching orbit. Many of the proposed applications require that the film possess a flat, wrinkle-free surface. Surface wrinkle configuration is determined, in part, by the method used to support the film. One configuration that has not been studied in detail involves the formation of vertical wrinkles oriented along the direction of a tensile force applied at the upper and lower horizontal film supports. An experiment was designed to allow known forces to be applied to a 9 inch by 9 inch square sample of film supported at its upper and lower boundaries. Four films 7.6 m and 12.7 m thick samples of Kapton (polymide), and 12.2 m and 23.4 m thick samples of Mylar were loaded at levels of applied tensile force ranging from 1.446 to 4.388 N. The out-of-plane surface contours that resulted were measured using close-range photogrammetry, a non-contact, optical measurement technique. Experimental results indicate that both wrinkle wavelength and amplitude decrease as a function of applied force magnitude. These trends matched those obtained using numerical techniques, which also showed that lateral border strain, not measured during the experiment, may be a more important factor in determining surface wrinkle configuration. After presentation of the results, the photogrammetry technique is further considered as a tool for use in the manufacturing industry, in similar close-range applications, for the measurement of both dimensions and displacements.

This paper is a report on a project to develop a computer-based technique to optimize two dimensional sail design. Overall, we consider two distinct problems. The first problem deals with an unconstrained optimization of the lift. Then, to develop the second problem, we introduce an integrated form of Stratford's separation criterion as a limiting constraint. Throughout the work, we incorporate a vortex lattice analysis to determine the lift on the sail, and in each case, we use an optimization algorithm called VMCON. In the final chapters, we present the results for a series of test cases and describe the areas of future research and development. / M.S.

Thesis. 1977. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND AERO. / Bibliography : leaves 51-53. / M.S.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-154) / Microfiche. / xvi,154 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

<div>With the increasing frequency of satellite launches and proposed constellations for Earth observation and communications, the number of objects in orbit is expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. This trend brings to question the current orbital debris problem, which will continue to worsen if proper deorbit guidelines are not met for future satellites. Currently, the primary system that is utilized for deorbiting is a propulsion system that performs a maneuver at the end of mission and delivers the satellite on an orbit that satisfies deorbit guidelines. However, this method suffers from reliability concerns since it requires that the host spacecraft be operational to perform the maneuver and it also significantly increases the cost and complexity of the satellite if a propulsion system is not already being used for the mission. These issues with complexity, cost, and robustness could potentially be solved by a different class of deorbiting system, a drag sail.</div><div><br></div><div>In this thesis, the effects of perturbations on the orbital and attitude motion of drag sails are analyzed in order to extend the current understanding of drag sails as a deorbiting system. The perturbations considered in the orbit-attitude propagator are aerodynamic drag, solar radiation pressure, Earth oblateness effects, and gravity gradient torques. Different drag sail types, sail materials, deployment epochs, and deployment locations in Earth orbit are also considered in order to extend the analysis to different types of missions and to understand how these parameters influence the effects of the perturbations. Additionally, a self-shadowing algorithm and efficient implementation approach is developed in order to improve the fidelity of the aerodynamic drag and solar radiation pressure perturbations.</div>

Solar sails have the potential to benefit many future space exploration missions, but they lack the heritage required for present-day use. To grow confidence in solar sail technology, they could be deployed on LEO satellites higher than 600 km to help de-orbit the satellite within 25 years upon mission termination. To determine how atomic oxygen would affect the solar sail, material from Lightsail-2 was tested in a thermal-energy, isotropic, atomic oxygen vacuum chamber based in the space environments laboratory in California Polytechnic State University. The sail material, aluminized Mylar, was tested for its survivability on both the coated and uncoated side, as well as tested for the optical degradation of the coated side. The uncoated side was found to be completely eroded after a fluence of 2.27 x1020 atoms/cm2, or ~40 days in International Space Station orbit. The coated side experienced no mass loss, but signs of significant undercutting were found with a fluence of 1.19 x1021 atoms/cm2, or ~200 days at station orbit. The stitches present on the coated side, meant to prevent tear propagation, eroded before the sample experienced a fluence of 4.13 x1020 atoms/cm2, or ~70 days at station orbit. The average total reflectivity of the material dropped by ~5% after atomic oxygen exposure, however no correlation with fluence was found. Average specular reflectivity remained unchanged after atomic oxygen exposure. The reflectivity results were impacted by wrinkling in the material, which was found to have a much larger impact than atomic oxygen exposure. These results were paired with an optimal de-orbit trajectory algorithm, developed in this thesis, to determine how atomic oxygen would affect a solar sail deployed to de-orbit an 800 km LEO satellite with a ballistic coefficient of 0.1. Using a simplified 2D orbit case, it was found that the satellite would de-orbit within 12-18 years, depending primarily on the solar activity level. The measured worst-case for optical degradation increased de-orbit time by ~6 months. Additionally, assuming that the sail material was perfectly reflecting decreased de-orbit time by 2-4 years. The amount of fluence required to erode the uncoated Mylar, and the amount required to erode the stitches, were both reached long before the satellite re-entered. It is therefore recommended that the solar sail minimize uncoated side exposure to atomic oxygen, and a more atomic oxygen-resistant stitch material be found. The fluence required to produce significant material undercutting was reached only once the satellite’s orbit had degraded to below 400 km. But the undercutting was observed to structurally compromise the material; thus, future LEO solar sail mission designers must take care when balancing added performance with higher failure risk when considering the tension in the deployed sail.

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: CubeSats are small, lightweight satellites which are often used by academic institutions due to their application potential and low cost. Because of their size and weight, less powerful attitude controllers, such as solar sails, can be used. In 2010, the Japanese satellite, Ikaros, was launched to illustrate the usage of solar sails as a propulsion system. Similarly, by exploiting the solar radiation pressure, it is possible to use a solar sail, together with three magnetorquers, to achieve 3-axis attitude control of a 3-unit CubeSat. Simulations are required to demonstrate the attitude control of a sun-synchronous, low Earth orbit CubeSat using a solar sail. To allow the adjustment of the solar sail, and its resulting torque, a mechanical structure is required which can be used to position the sail within two orthogonal axes. Although the magnetorquers and solar sail are sufficient to achieve 3-axis attitude control, the addition of a reaction wheel can be implemented in an attempt to improve this control. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: CubeSats is klein, ligte satelliete wat dikwels deur universiteite gebruik word weens hul lae koste en groot toepassings potensiaal. As gevolg van hulle gewig en grootte, kan minder kragtige posisie beheerders, soos byvoorbeeld sonseile, gebruik word. Die Japannese satelliet, Ikaros, was in 2010 gelanseer om die gebruik van ’n sonseil as aandrywingstelsel te illustreer. Net so is dit moontlik om die bestraling van die son te gebruik, met behulp van ’n sonseil, en drie magneetstange om 3-as posisiebeheer op ’n 3-eenheid CubeSat te bekom. Simulasies word benodig om die posisie beheer van ’n sonsinkrone, lae-aard wentelbaan CubeSat met ’n sonseil te demonstreer. ’n Meganiese struktuur word benodig vir die posisionering van die sonseil in twee ortogonale asse sodat die sonseil, en dus die geassosieerde draaimoment, verskuif kan word. Alhoewel die magneetstange en sonseil voldoende is om 3-as posisiebeheer te bekom, kan ’n reaksiewiel bygevoeg word om hierdie beheer te probeer verbeter.

This thesis aims to present, discuss, and analyze issues relating to queer representations in film and television. The thesis focuses on existing tropes, such as queer coding, queerbaiting, and the “Bury Your Gays” trope that are prevalent in contemporary media, and applies the analysis of these tropes to a case study based on the television series Black Sails (2014-2017). The analysis explores the main research question: in what way does Black Sails subvert or reproduce existing queer tropes in film and television? This then leads to the discussion of three aspects: the way queer sexual identities are represented overall, what representational strategies are employed by the series in a number of episodes, and whether or not these representations reproduce or subvert media tropes.

This thesis examines a collection of three songs, "In Flanders Fields," "He Is There!," and "Tom Sails Away," written by Charles Ives in 1917, from primarily a literary perspective involving Transcendentalism and intertextuality. Ives's aesthetic builds upon the principles of Transcendentalism. I examine these songs using the principles outlined by the nineteenth-century Transcendentalists, and Ives's interpretations of these beliefs. Another characteristic of Ives's music is quotation. "Intertextuality" describes an interdependence of literary texts through quotation. I also examine these songs using the principles of intertextuality and Ives's uses of intertextual elements. Familiarity with the primary sources Ives quotes and the texts they suggest adds new meaning to his works. Transcendentalism and intertextuality create a greater understanding of Ives's conflicting views of the morality of war.