Concentrations of selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) were measured in the water column, sediment and biota, in conjunction with selected physicochemical data, from representative wetland types at a mining site within Salt Lake County, Utah, USA. The selected field sites included Oolitic Pond (lentic) and Lee Creek (lotic), which are moderately contaminated brackish, alkaline aquatic wetlands managed by a copper mining industry. These fishless wetlands are located in a geographic region that poses risk to migratory shorebird populations from dietary Se. A spatial sampling study demonstrated the extent of variation in total Se concentration within the wetlands. With the exception of the sediment compartment, Se concentration did not differ significantly along the 2-mile length of Lee Creek or within the Pond. The differences in sediment total Se concentrations between the Creek East and West segments characterize lower Lee Creek as having two segments distinguished by unique processes that influence the sediment Se accumulation profiles. Se accumulation trends were observed temporally over 3-years (2000 to 2002) and over two seasons (spring and autumn). Total Se body burden in benthic invertebrates was more clearly associated with sediment/detritus Se concentrations than with surface water concentrations. Three invertebrate groups dominated the aquatic invertebrates assemblage in the lotic and lentic benthos; primary consumers (Chironomidae, Diptera), generalist feeders (Hemiptera) and predators (Odonata). The chironomid larvae accumulated 1.3 to 39 times the trace metal concentrations of the Hemiptera or odonate taxa, independent of trace metal type (essential or non-essential) or wetland occupation. Organism-specific factors, such as habitat selection and preferential feeding habits, were proposed to influence benthic invertebrate accumulation profiles by modifying trace metal exposure. Mixed diets, trophic omnivory and the complexity of wetland biogeochemistry limit the power of stable nitrogen fractionation signatures to define benthic food web relationships. Wetland site-specific processes impacted Se accumulating efficiency, with trace metal concentrations from 4 to 7 times greater within the lentic benthic system than the lotic. The fractionation of the natural abundant stable carbon isotopes revealed the importance of sedimentary and detrital organic carbon as dietary sources for the benthic food web. Sediment organic content was not significantly associated with sediment, or invertebrate, Se accumulation profiles. Ecological risk assessments based on sound understanding of metal chemistry and the interactions between the sediment matrix and benthic organisms are necessary to provide tools for environmental management. / Graduation date: 2005

No description available.

The purpose of this investigation has been to write an account of the Utah newspaper war during the final thirty years of the nineteenth century, with emphasis on the events that brought about the establishment of the Salt Lake Tribune, the men who guided its destiny, news and editorial content, as well as its role in the economic, social and political history of Utah.

xiii, 248 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E98.P8 D43 1992 / The current interpretation of post-Archaic culture history in the northeastern Great Basin is that the Great Salt Lake regional variant of the Fremont culture arose from an Archaic base and is distinguished by two types of unpainted pottery, Great Salt Lake Gray and Promontory Gray. Seen as ethnically unrelated to the Fremont, the subsequent Shoshoni culture is marked by one type of unpainted pottery, Shoshoni Ware. These types are said to be characterized by distinct combinations of attributes, but close examination reveals that what these combinations are, and how they distinguish each type, has not been clearly described in the archeological literature. In this study, I re-analyze fragments of undecorated pottery previously classified as Great Salt Lake Gray, Promontory Gray, and Shoshoni Ware. Through rigorous and replicable methods, five major attributes found in every sherd are examined: wall thickness, exterior surface color, temper material, temper size, and technique of vessel shaping. This analysis showed that previous identifications of pottery attributes were partially or entirely erroneous. Every attribute measured demonstrated the same essential pattern: Great Salt Lake Gray had a wide range of variation, and Promontory Gray and Shoshoni Ware fell within this range. Further, except for one form of temper material, Promontory Gray and Shoshoni Ware shared the same attributes with one another. Ethnographic evidence is also presented that links late prehistoric pottery to that of the historic Shoshoni, confirming a single unbroken pottery tradition in the Great Salt Lake region. I conclude that the evidence of this study does not support the concept of two unrelated pottery traditions (Fremont and Shoshoni) in the Great Salt Lake region. Based on this work, much of the traditionally conceived post-Archaic culture history of this region must be reevaluated.

Fluvial and lacustrine sediments of great thickness accumulated in the intermountain basins of the western United States during Tertiary time. The Salt Lake group in northern Utah and parts of surrounding states is a conspicuous stratigraphic unit of these basins. The "beds of light color" in Morgan Valley in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah were named the "Salt Lake group" by Hayden (1869) because of similar occurrences in Salt Lake Valley and because he reasoned that the succession could be divided into formations. Similar rocks crop out in Ogden Valley, north of Morgan Valley, and in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho. Cache Valley is bounded by the Wasatch and Malad Ranges to the west and the Bear River Range to the east (Fig. 1). It extends from the divide between Ogden and Cache valleys about 18 miles south of Los an. Utah. to Red Rock Pass. about 19 miles northwest of Preston. Idaho. The Bear River enters Cache Valley northeast of Preston. Idaho. and leaves through the Bear River Narrows west of Logan. Utah. at a point between the northern end of the Wasatch Range and the Malad Range. Red Rock Pass, northwest of Preston, Idaho, was the outlet of Lake Bonneville.

Social commentators typically recognized the flapper as a break from tradition in the nineteen twenties. Scholars have since tended to do the same. Those characterizations, however, generally ignore the flappers outside of the Caucasian, urban, middle-class set. This thesis aims to contribute to a more comprehensive analysis of the flapper through a study of young women in Salt Lake City, Utah.

A survey of 360 respondents in metropolitan Salt Lake City was made to determine their attitudes about fluid milk products and the affect of these attitudes on consumption levels. The fluid milk products studied were regular whole milk, two percent milk, skim milk, and nonfat dry (powdered) milk. The respondents had the most positive attitudes about regular whole milk. Their attitudes about the other three products were highest for those which most nearly resembled regular whole milk . The consumption levels of the four products followed the same pattern. The respondents' attitudes about four attitude parameters affected their consumption levels. Those respondents with positive attitudes about these parameters consumed more than those with neutral or negative attitudes. The four parameters were taste-refreshment, nutritionvitality, appropriateness, and convenience.

The development of a model capable of predicting the long term (seasonal) distribution of water quality constituents within Great Salt Lake was undertaken as a portion of the ongoing Great Salt Lake project at Utah State University. The overall goal of the project is the development of a modeling framework to assist the relevant decision making bodies in the comprehensive management of the Great Salt Lake system. Phase I of the project provided the overall structural framework for management of the Great Salt Lake system, identified data needs, and established priorities for the development of submodels for incorporation into the overall framework. Phase II of the project involves the process of developing submodels, and Phase III will be concerned with application of the framework of models to specific management problems. This study provides, as part of the second phase of the Great Salt Lake project, a model capable of predicting the long term distribution of quality constituents within the lake. This capability is a necessary component of the modeling framework since it will allow the investigation of the effects which alternative water quality management plans will have on the distribution of water quality constituents within the lake. The water quality model of the lake is based on the application of the advection-diffusion equation to the three-dimensional transport of a quality constituent. The modeling technique is formulated by discretizing the system as a network of nodes interconnected by channels in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This representation of the system allowed the horizontal transport to be treated mathematically as one-dimensional. The resulting modeling technique is applicable to any lake, estuary, or bay in which the concentration gradients must be described in all three coordinate directions. In applying the model to Great Salt Lake a two-layered vertical network was employed due t o the physical characteristics of the system. The model was further simplified by describing vertical transport by diffusion alone. Using observed total dissolved solids concentrations, a method was developed during the study for establishing the vertical diffusion coefficient as a function of depth. A unique feature of this water quality modeling technique is that it allows the seasonal distribution of a quality constituent to be studied without the necessity of developing a hydrodynamic model of the system . The advective transport is designed to be input to the model based on observed long term circulation patterns . In the case of Great Salt Lake, circulation patterns are not yet well known. However, approximate patterns h a ,, e been established from some observations to date , and those were used to provide preliminary tests of the validity and response characteristics of the model. These tests have demonstrated that the model will be a practical and useful tool for monitoring the distribution of quality constituents within the lake.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of History. / Includes index. Bibliography: leaves 189-192.

Project (D. Min.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-137).