Sam Rayburn's record as Speaker of the House was undoubtedly his best known accomplishment during fifty years in Congress. Nevertheless he played a vital role as proponent of the New Deal during the period from 1933 to 1936 when he was Chairman of the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. Since Rayburn's role in passage of early New Deal statutes has been neglected, the purpose of this thesis is to examine his contributions to the Roosevelt Administration as leader in the debates on key legislation.

Hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells such as ZnO/P3HT offer promise in increasing efficiency of organic-based devices. However there are many unresolved issues such as poor short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage that are hampering their widespread, commercial use. It is thought that surface trap states on ZnO are providing an open avenue for carrier recombination thus creating devices with poor current transport characteristics. Using self assembled monolayers (SAMs) may provide some key answers and solutions to this problem by passivating trap states. In the course of this work, benzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, and 4-methoxyphenylphosphonic acid SAMs were studied in large part due to their commercial availability. It was found that the phenylphosphonic acids had a clear impact on decreasing dark current; therefore strongly suggesting that exciton recombination has been inhibited to some degree. These molecules also caused a decrease in efficiency by an order of magnitude as compared to a plain ZnO/P3HT bilayer cell (standard). There were pronounced negative effects on the other device parameters such as open circuit voltage and short circuit current. In the case of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid the effects are not so clear in that parts of the dark J-V curve indicate a decrease in dark current while other regions show an increase. Interestingly for the negative effect on efficiency and other device parameters was not as pronounced as the phenylphosphonic acids. In both cases it is hypothesized that because of their wide band gaps and poor energy level matching, they ultimately impact device performance negatively. In the future, use of simulations to determine optimal SAM molecular structures that can be synthesized in the lab or purchased commercially is suggested.

This thesis will give primary attention to an analysis of invention in selected congressional, campaign, and ceremonial speeches of Sam Rayburn. Such an analysis should reveal the most common modes of persuasion used by the man.

No description available.

Wyosine derivatives are highly complex modified ribonucleic acid (RNA) bases found in archaea and eukarya. They are a modification of a genetically encoded guanosine found at position 37 of phenylalanine encoding transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). The second step in the biosynthesis of all wyosine derivatives, in both archaea and eukarya, is the transformation of N-methylguanosine to 4-demethylwyosine by the radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine enzyme TYW1. When these studies were initiated, the substrate of TYW1 was unknown. Four possible substrates; acetyl CoA, acetyl phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate; were tested for activity. Only incubation with pyruvate led to production of 4-demethylwyosine. As only two new carbons are incorporated into the RNA base at this step, ¹³C isotopologues were used to identify the carbons that are transferred into 4-demethylwyosine. These experiments revealed that C2 and C3 of pyruvate are incorporated into 4-demethylwyosine, with C1 lost as an unknown byproduct. Utilizing pyruvate containing deuteriums in place of protons on the C3 carbon, the regiochemistry of the addition was determined. It was found that C3 forms the methyl group of 4-demethylwyosine and C2 becomes the bridging carbon in the imidazoline ring. The site of hydrogen atom abstraction by 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical was identified as the N-methylguanosine methyl group through the use of tRNA containing a deuterated methyl group. The putative mechanism for this transformation involved the formation of an enzyme substrate Schiff base through a conserved lysine residue. Utilizing sodium cyanoborohydride a Schiff base was trapped between TYW1 and pyruvate. The mass of the trapped adduct responded as expected when different isotopologues of pyruvate were used, demonstrating that it is due to pyruvate. Moreover, the fragment of TYW1 that contained the trapped adduct contained two lysine residues, one of which was shown to be required for activity both in vivo and in vitro. It was initially proposed that TYW1 contained two iron-sulfur clusters, and then subsequently shown to have two 4Fe-4S clusters. Site directed mutagenesis, along with iron and sulfide analysis identified the cysteines; as C26, C39, and C52; coordinating the second 4Fe-4S cluster. This study identified pyruvate as the substrate of TYW1, and provided evidence for key steps in the transformation of N-methylguanosine to 4-demethylwyosine.

The aim of the study was to find out if there are features of an image which influence the emotional output to improve the affective pictorial stimuli for advertisements especially in tourism. The present study bases upon emotional pictures of the IAPS which were modified in several ways. In a first step the 18 most desperate images according to Russell's affective space were selected. The second step was the modification from an original picture to a grayscale picture, to a low luminance picture, to a high luminance picture, to a vertical reflected picture, to a high chroma picture and to a blurred picture. In a third step participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire and to rate the evoked emotions using SAM. Results show, that there are important factors of an image which influence the emotional reaction and which could be used to improve the pictorial stimuli for marketing.

Review of Sam Phillips and the Sun Records Legacy

The formation of a functional surfaces combines the properties of a substrate and monolayer to produce a new hybrid that can combine aspects of each. Monolayers can be made on many surfaces, and well defined functionalized monolayers were assembled on for silicon(111) and polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD). Acid terminated monolayers were assembled on silicon(111) and their functionalization chemistry explored. It was shown that using trifluoroacetic anhydride to generate an intermediate reactive anhydride, the surface could be functionalized with amines. It was further shown that using soft lithography these functionalized surfaces could be patterned. Mixed monolayers of methyl and olefin terminated surfaces on silicon(111) were used to develop a new soft lithographic technique with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). PDMS can be controllably etched using fluoride species. The surface is first activated by the attachment of the Grubbs' 1st generation catalyst. A PDMS microfluidic device is then placed on the surface. By using a cross metathesis reaction, the exposed channel can be pacified. The next step, a fluoride etchant is used to remove PDMS, exposing an unreacted surface. Polymer brushes were then grown by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in this region. Functionalization of the emerging polymer PDCPD was conducted through two different routes. ROMP formed PDCPD has double bonds that can be functionalized. In the first process, the double bonds were reacted with bromine. This is a rapid reaction and proceeds to a significant depth in the material. Bromines can then be displaced with amines in a substitution reaction. This was demonstrated with a fluorinated amine that when examined by XPS were shown to be present only at the surface, further more we were able to pattern this surface too. Secondly, a process using epoxides was developed. The epoxidation reaction could not be quantified, but formation in the second step of an amine functionalized surfaces was observed by XPS. Further reaction of surface hydroxyls was also observed. This was also used to grow polyethylimine from the surface to sufficient thickness that it became observable by infrared spectroscopy.

Hur kan två automatiserade monteringslinor effektiviseras för att öka antalet färdigmonterade produkter i timmen? Denna fråga ställdes inledandevis vid utformningen av detta examensarbete, som är gjort i samarbete med företaget Thule Sweden AB (Thule). Bakgrunden till detta examensarbete är att Thule anser att två av deras monteringslinor inte når sin fulla kapacitet. Utifrån bakgrunden kom syftet att öka antalet färdigmonterade produkter per timme för respektive monteringslina. För att besvara syftet formulerades tre frågeställningar; Hur kan monteringstakten öka genom kortare upptäcktstider vid larm? Vilka rutiner kan implementeras för att skapa förutsättningar till ökad monteringstakt? Finns det möjlighet till ytterligare ökad monteringstakt? För de båda linorna finns ett mål uppsatt om hur många paketerade kartonger (fyra produkter per kartong) som ska göras i timmen, 90 respektive 100 stycken. För att besvarar frågeställningarna och på så vis uppfylla arbetets syfte har datainsamling i form av tidsstudier, observationer och samtal genomförts. Datainsamlingen har sedan analyserats för att skapa en bild av nuläget. Nulägesbeskrivningen ligger sedan till grund för förbättringsarbetet. Gällande lina X ansågs den största förbättringspotentialen finnas i linans larmsystem. I dagsläget tar det drygt 20 sekunder för operatörerna att upptäcka larmen. Upptäcktstiden påverkar antalet färdiga kartonger i timmen genom att utrustningen står stilla på grund av att operatörerna är omedvetna om larmen. Upptäcktstiden går troligtvis att sänka genom investeringar i larmsystemet. Under förutsättning att upptäcktstiden sänks till noll sekunder ökar monteringstakten med nästan tio kartonger per timme. Med en upptäcktstid på noll sekunder samt andra förbättringar kan monteringstakten öka med totalt 14,3 kartonger per timme. Lina Y:s larmsystem är annorlunda i jämförelse med det som finns på lina X. Upptäcktstiden vid lina Y är endast en sjättedel av upptäcktstiden för lina X, därför ansågs det viktigare att lägga större vikt vid att förbättra andra problemområden. För att förbättra en manuell monteringsstation gjordes en SAM-analys på en ny monteringsmetod. SAM-analysen visade att monteringstiden kan minskas från 8,45 sekunder till 7,37 sekunder. Det finns också en automatiserad station med 8,35 sekunders operationstid. Lyckas Thule reducera denna tid till en operationstid under 7,37 och att den nya monteringsmetoden implementeras kommer de få ut 15,6 fler kartonger per timme. Genomförs också övriga förbättringsförslag kommer monteringstakten öka med ytterligare 7,8 kartonger per timme.          Slutsatsen för detta examensarbete är att det går att öka antalet färdigpaketerade kartonger med 14,3 respektive 23,4 kartonger i timmen. Detta förutsatt att Thule implementerar de förslag som tagits fram.

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