When Donald Trump took the stage as the Republican presidential nominee at the Republican National Convention in July 2016, he made a historical appeal to LGBTQ Americans: to the boisterous applause of a Republican audience, he promised "to protect LGBTQ citizens from the violence and oppression of a hateful foreign ideology." Utilizing this historical moment as an indicator of shifting political views around LGBTQ rights in the Republican Party and the US nation-state as a whole, this paper links contemporary iterations of the War on Terror to the legalization of same-sex marriage in June 2015. Connecting same-sex marriage to the US nation-building project, I argue that the "dignity" newly available to certain queer folks via the institution of marriage makes possible an articulation of queer-defensibility that services a Republican investment in the aging War on Terror and the sustained targeting and hyper-surveillance of Muslims globally.

The aim of this study was to analyze and critically review how cohabited parents are represented in selected Swedish newspapers during three periods of time. We have conducted a critical discourse analysis and looked at how daily newspapers use the language based on social constructivism. As a power aspect we also used Foucault's power analysis as a theoretical starting point. In the study's results, we saw that the language used in the articles differs depending on the time period they had been published. In the result, we found three general themes that we analyzed: exercise of power within the discourse, norms and categorizations, as well as changes over time. During the years 1992-1993, different expressions were used against same-sex couples, compared to today. In 2002, the focus instead was on the adoption issue. In the later period, 2017-2018, the result showed that the policy took more place in the articles. Same-sex parents also expressed themselves in the media and they described how they still felt excluded in a society dominated by heterosexual norms.

Thesis advisor: John J. Michalczyk / The traditional concept of marriage for the purpose of procreation is being challenged by one of the smaller states, Massachusetts, with the advent of same-sex marriage. With the court decision in the landmark case Goodridge v. Department of Public Health (440 Mass. 309 [2003]), the Massachusetts courts were forced to provide equal marriage rights to homosexual couples. With marriage rights being debated, same-sex married couples began to look at the impact marriage would have on their economic status. The government quickly passed both DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act) in 1996 and FMA (Federal Marriage Act) in 2003 that specifically stated that same-sex marriages are not recognized within the federal government. Thus, homosexual married couples face problems economically in five areas: insurance and beneficiaries, taxes and governmental aid, estate planning and retirement, employee benefits, and children. Each of these areas has hurdles for same-sex couples; however, with guidance, some of these bridges may be crossed. In addition, one realizes that married homosexuals should have basic rights that are provided to heterosexual married couples. By looking at four different factual perspectives of homosexuals from Massachusetts, a more encompassing picture can be seen. By combining factual economics with humanistic qualities, same-sex marriage has a strong case in the courts. These new laws in Massachusetts are being compared to those of other states and the impact that this may have on the future. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2005. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

Thesis advisor: Donald Hafner / There is perhaps no issue more controversial in the so-called American culture war than that of gay marriage. In the last five years, four states have legalized same-sex marriages and several more appear poised to follow suit. This paper creates an analytical framework with which to evaluate the chances of successful gay marriage initiatives in any given state. Demographics, political institutions, and state-specific variables make up the three parts of the framework, which is then applied to three case studies in which gay marriage has already been addressed: Massachusetts, Vermont, and California. A fourth case, Maine, serves as a prediction state to test the validity of the framework. The paper’s conclusions indicate that, in the current political and cultural domain, there is a set of factors that tend to promote the legalization of gay marriage. The demographics of a population need to be such that they qualify as a “tolerant citizenry,” people who are hesitatingly accepting of gay marriage and can be persuaded to support that legalization. On the political side, a positive evaluation of gay marriage by the state supreme court that then passes on responsibility to the state legislature is the most conducive to legalization. The court provides the constitutional and legal grounds for gay marriage, while the legislature acts as an intermediary between the justices and the wider population. Finally, states in which the constitutions are difficult to amend, and which amendment procedures are controlled by the legislature, are the most likely to legalize gay marriage. The application of the framework to the three case studies illustrates this complex process. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science Honors Program. / Discipline: Political Science.

Em matéria de casamento, a doutrina majoritária sustenta que as causas de nulidade devem ser textuais ou expressas, não se admitindo nulidades virtuais. Nesse ambiente, surgiu a teoria da inexistência, criada pela doutrina como forma de impugnação do casamento realizado na ausência de seus elementos fundamentais: consentimento, celebração, e dualidade de sexo. Tal teoria, já conhecida pelos canonistas, foi desenvolvida e divulgada após a Revolução Francesa, a partir dos estudos do jurista tedesco Zachariae von Linghental, a partir dos comentários de Napoleão Bonaparte junto ao Conselho de Estado francês, quando da elaboração do Código Civil francês de 1804. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, após dois séculos dos estudos de Zachariae, o impacto sofrido pela teoria da inexistência a partir da aprovação, por diversos países, do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. A partir surgiu o seguinte problema de pesquisa: existe o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo? A pesquisa percorreu as seguintes etapas: pesquisa doutrinária, com ênfase para a doutrina francesa do século XIX, e pesquisa jurisprudencial nacional. O principal resultado alcançado, após as leituras e pesquisas efetuadas, foi a conclusão de que, hoje, no Brasil, a existência jurídica do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo é uma realidade. / On marriage, the majority doctrine holds that the grounds of invalidity should be textual or expressed, not admitting virtual nonentities. Consent, celebration, and duality of sex: In this environment, the lack of theory, created by the doctrine as a way of challenging the marriage in the absence of its key elements emerged. Such a theory, now known by the canonists, was developed and released after the French Revolution, from the studies of boredom jurist Zachariae von Linghental, from the comments of Napoleon Bonaparte by the French Council of State, when preparing the French Civil Code 1804. The objective of this work is to analyze, after two centuries of dissemination of studies Zachariae, the impact suffered by the theory of absence from the adoption by many countries, marriage between persons of the same sex. From the following research problem emerged: is there a marriage between persons of the same sex? The research has taken the following steps: doctrinal research, with emphasis on the French doctrine of the nineteenth century, and national case search. The main result achieved after the readings and performed research, was the finding that, today, in Brazil, the legal existence of marriage between persons of the same sex is a reality.

Registered partnership - actual situation in Europe Abstract This thesis deals with the registered partnership and cohabitation of two persons of the same sex in the same-sex marriage. The thesis deals not only with the Czech legal system, but also with other european countries. The aim of the thesis is to compare the individual legal regulations and to review the actual tendencies of the european states in this respect. The text focuses mainly on the current situation in individual countries, the facts as concerning the establishment and termination of registered partnerships and partners' property relations are described. The subject of homoparentality and the possibility of adopting homosexual children is also discussed. The thesis is divided into 6 chapters, which gradually describe sub-areas related to this civil law institut. The first chapter defines the basic concepts and briefly describes the historical development of homosexual perceptions and the view of homosexuality. The next chapter describes the gradual legalization of a registered partnership in Europe, focusing on legislative processes in the Czech Republic. The third chapter discusses the emergence and termination of a legal partnership between same-sex persons, whether registered partnerships or same-sex marriages. The fourth chapter...

Sweden is known to have one of the world's most generous parental insurances, both in length and flexibility which has led to a high maternity rate and more women in paid work. The political work on equality in Sweden has the goal that women and men shall have the same power to shape society and their own lives. This has led to legislation aimed at getting fathers to stay more at home with their children. There has been plenty of research on this subject so this study goes off the main track and looks at how legislation around parenthood works for same-sex couples and if paternal leave is shared more equally between same-sex parents than heterosexual parents. Discourse analysis of the legislation and a survey with same-sex families followed by interviews indicate that samesex couples share parental leave more equally than heterosexual couples. Legislation works well for most same-sex families except for the process of related adoption. Reasons for more equal sharing of parental leave is hard to find but could depend on the fact that same-sex couples have been couples for a longer time, than heterosexual couples, before deciding to have children. Wage gap between men and women is a reason why heterosexual couples do not share equally and it could be vice versa for same-sex couples.

Poverty is a widely researched topic in economics. However, despite growing research on the economic lives of lesbians and gay men in the United States since the mid 1990s, very little is known about poverty in same-sex couple households. This study uses American Community Survey data from 2010 to 2014 to calculate poverty rates for households headed by different-sex versus same-sex couples. Comparing households with similar characteristics, the results show that those headed by same-sex couples are more likely to be in poverty than those headed by different-sex married couples. Despite that overall disadvantage, a decomposition of the poverty risk shows that same-sex couples are protected from poverty by their higher levels of education and labor force participation, and their lower probability of having a child in the home. Lastly, the role of gender - above and beyond sexual orientation - is clear in the greater vulnerability to poverty for lesbian couples.

This dissertation addressed whether and how theories of marriage apply to same-sex relationships. These theories correspond to two main research questions. First, does the legal recognition of same-sex relationships provide the same benefits for members of same-sex couples that it does for different-sex spouses? Second, how do same-sex couples divide household labor, and, should inequalities emerge, what factors explain the division of labor? Marriage provides numerous benefits to husband/wife couples who wed, including better mental and physical health, greater financial security, and higher levels of sexual satisfaction. Using results from a web-based survey of members of same-sex couples and same-sex-attracted singles (N=429), I tested the applicability of the "marriage benefits model" to same-sex marriages, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and cohabiting couples. Although the focus of the same-sex marriage debate has been on the positive attributes of marriage, marriage for different-sex couples is also associated with great inequity in the division of household labor. Explanations for the housework gap point to gender or are tied up in correlates of gender, such as income and work hours. I also explored variations in the division of household labor in same-sex marriages and partnerships and tested extant theories of housework inequality. Results indicated that legal recognition (marriages and civil unions) does provide some benefits to financial well-being and physical health. Defining one's own relationship as a marriage (regardless of legal recognition) was more strongly associated with "marriage" benefits, including greater financial well-being, an improved sexual relationship, and fewer health-risk behaviors. Femininity was positively related to proportional housework contributions, and proportional work hours were inversely related, to proportional housework, supporting both the gender and time availability explanations of housework inequalities. Interactions between gender and relationship characteristics and between time availability and relationship characteristics were also explored.

Recent political and cultural trends have led to an evaluation of the meaning of marriage within American society, and especially marriage as it concerns couples of the same sex. However, little research has been done to find out how attitudes toward same-sex marriage might vary according to race and ethnicity. Drawing on data from the 2004 National Politics Study, the author investigates same-sex marriage attitudes and tests hypotheses concerning the attitudes of various American race-ethnic groups. This study employs multinomial logistic regression analysis to compare attitudes of African Americans, Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Results indicate that even when socio demographic factors such as education and gender are controlled for, ethnic groups still differ in their attitudes toward this topic. Analyses also indicate that the relationship between race/ethnicity and attitudes toward same-sex unions does not vary by gender and that foreign birth explains the relationship between Hispanic ethnicity and attitudes toward same-sex marriage.