JPEG and Excel data files for six siRNAs designed to silence Renilla luciferase transfected in Hela cells. For experimental details please see associated manuscript to be published in Cell Biology Education, 2006. A smaller data set and practice exercise are also included here.

Ο έλεγχος μη γραμμικών δειγματοληπτικών συστημάτων αποτελεί μια σημαντική πρόκληση, στην ανάλυση και σχεδιασμό ελεγκτών συστημάτων, με μεγάλη πρακτική εφαρμογή. Σε αυτή την μελέτη παρουσιάζουμε ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά εργαλεία ανάλυσης και σχεδιασμού, για μια γενική κατηγορία μη γραμικών δειγματοληπτικών συστημάτων (nonlinear sampled-data control). Παρουσιάζεται μια γενίκευση και ενοποίηση των γνωστών αποτελεσμάτων σχεδίασης εξομοίωσης (Emulation Design), διαθέσιμων στην βιβλιογραφία, θεωρώντας την διατήρηση των γενικευμένων ανισώσεων διάχυσης (Dissipation inequalities) υπό δειγματοληψίας, στο πλαίσιο του σχεδιασμού εξομοιωτών ελεγκτών δυναμικής κατάστασης ανάδρασης (dynamic state feedback controllers). Στην συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται δύο παραδείγματα μελέτης εφαρμογής των αποτελεσμάτων της γενικής μελέτης σχετικά με την διατήρηση των ιδιοτήτων διαχυτικότητας (dissipativity properties), ευστάθειας (stability), εισόδου-σε-κατάσταση σταθερότητας (input-to-state stability) και παθητικότητας (passivity), όταν ο ελεγκτής διακριτού χρόνου ενός συστήματος σχεδιάζεται με εξομοίωση. / The current diploma thesis is about a general and unified framework of a sampled-data nonlinear system using the emulation design.

For both randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies, the Cox regression model is a powerful tool for evaluating the effect of a treatment or an explanatory variable on time-to-event outcome. This method assumes proportional hazards over time. Systematic approaches to efficiently evaluate non-proportionality and to model data in the presence of non-proportionality are investigated. Six graphical methods are assessed to verify the proportional hazards assumption based on characteristics of the survival function, cumulative hazard, or the feature of residuals. Their performances are empirically evaluated with simulations by checking their ability to be consistent and sensitive in detecting proportionality or non-proportionality. Two-sample data are generated in three scenarios of proportional hazards and five types of alternatives (that is, non-proportionality). The usefulness of these graphical assessment methods depends on the event rate and type of non-proportionality. Three numerical (statistical testing) methods are compared via simulation studies to investigate the proportional hazards assumption. In evaluating data for proportionality versus non-proportionality, the goal is to test a non-zero slope in a regression of the variable or its residuals on a specific function of time, or a Kolmogorov-type supremum test. Our simulation results show that statistical test performance is affected by the number of events, event rate, and degree of divergence of non-proportionality for a given hazards scenario. Determining which test will be used in practice depends on the specific situation under investigation. Both graphical and numerical approaches have benefits and costs, but they are complementary to each other. Several approaches to model and summarize non-proportionality data are presented, including non-parametric measurements and testing, semi-parametric models, and a parametric approach. Some illustrative examples using simulated data and real data are also presented. In summary, we present a systemic approach using both graphical and numerical methods to identify non-proportionality, and to provide numerous modeling strategies when proportionality is violated in time-to-event data.

Pages 42, 63, 69, 71-72, 77, 87, 90, 93-94, and 97 had titles that were cut off in the scanning process. The administrator uploading this file re-wrote them on the bottom of each page. / <p>This thesis presents the results of an investigation of an alternative technique for the realization of narrow band-pass filters. This technique uses N parallel connected RC time-varying networks. A comparison of the performance of the 3-channel sampled data filter and one using the technique of quadrature modulation is made with respect to overall system performance.</p> <p>Excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental results are obtained for the band-pass characteristics. Design criteria are also presented in order to approach the ideal operation of an N-path sampled data filter.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Le retard est un phénomène naturel présent dans la majorité des systèmes physiques et dans les applications d’ingénierie, ainsi, les systèmes à retard ont été un domaine de recherche très actif en automatique durant les 60 dernières années. La conception d’observateur est un des sujets les plus importants qui a été étudié, ceci est dû à l’importance des observateurs en automatique et dans les systèmes de commande en absence de capteur pour mesurer une variable. Dans ce travail, l’objectif principal est de concevoir des observateurs pour différentes classes de systèmes à retard avec un retard arbitrairement large, et ce en utilisant différentes approches. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, la conception d’un observateur a été réalisée pour une classe de systèmes non linéaires triangulaires avec une sortie échantillonnée et un retard arbitraire. Une l’autre difficulté majeure avec cette classe de systèmes est le fait que la matrice d’état dépend du signal de sortie non-retardé qui est immesurable. Un nouvel observateur en chaine, composé de sous-observateurs en série est conçu pour compenser les retards arbitrairement larges. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, un nouvel observateur a été conçu pour un autre type de systèmes non linéaires triangulaires, où le retard a été considéré, cette fois-ci, comme une équation aux dérivées partielles de type hyperbolique du premier ordre. La transformation inverse en backstepping et le concept de l’observateur en chaine ont été utilisés lors de la conception de cet observateur afin d’assurer son efficacité en cas de grands retards. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, la conception d’un nouvel observateur a été réalisée pour un type de système modélisé par des équations paraboliques non linéaires où les mesures sont issues d’un nombre fini de points du domaine spatial. Cet observateur est constitué d’une série de sous-observateurs en chaine. Chaque sous-observateur compense une fraction du retard global. L'analyse de la stabilité des systèmes d’erreur a été fondée sur différentes fonctionnelles Lyapunov-Krasovskii. Par ailleurs, différents instruments mathématiques ont été employés au cours des différentes preuves présentées. Les résultats de simulation ont été présentés dans le but de confirmer l'exactitude des résultats théoriques / Time-delay is a natural phenomenon that is present in most physical systems and engineering applications, thus, delay systems have been an active area of research in control engineering for more than 60 years. Observer design is one of the most important subject that has been dealt with, this is due to the importance of observers in control engineering systems not only when sensing is not sufficient but also when a sensing reliability is needed. In this work, the main goal was to design observers for different classes of nonlinear delayed systems with an arbitrary large delay, using different approaches. In the first part, the problem of observer design is addressed for a class of triangular nonlinear systems with not necessarily small delay and sampled output measurements. Another major difficulty with this class of systems is the fact that the state matrix is dependent on the un-delayed output signal which is not accessible to measurement. A new chain observer, composed of sub-observers in series, is designed to compensate for output sampling and arbitrary large delays.In the second part of this work, another kind of triangular nonlinear delayed systems was considered, where this time the delay was considered as a first order hyperbolic partial differential equation. The inverse backstepping transformation was invoked and a chain observer was developed to ensure its effectiveness in case of large delays. Finally, a new observer was designed for a class of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations under point measurements, in the case of large delays. The observer was composed of several chained sub-observers. Each sub-observer compensates a fraction of the global delay. The stability analyses of the error systems were based on different Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. Also different mathematical tools have been used in order to prove the results. Simulation results were presented to confirm the accuracy of the theoretical results

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