Submitted by Aline Amarante (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2018-11-08T18:07:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ARTHUR TORNATORE SIESSERE.pdf: 1820812 bytes, checksum: 51d8a4c3763f4af13c6dcecba4a7d179 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-11-14T15:17:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ARTHUR TORNATORE SIESSERE.pdf: 1820812 bytes, checksum: 51d8a4c3763f4af13c6dcecba4a7d179 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T15:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ARTHUR TORNATORE SIESSERE.pdf: 1820812 bytes, checksum: 51d8a4c3763f4af13c6dcecba4a7d179 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-03 / This work is composed of three essays dealing with the themes of exchange rate and competitiveness for the Brazilian, North American and European economy. The first part aims to verify empirically the validity of the theory of purchasing power parity and the Balassa-Samuelson effect for the Brazilian and North American economy, from 1948 to 2016. The second part seeks to analyze the relationship between exchange rate and wages for the brazilian economy in the post-trade liberalization period, from 1999 and 2015. The third part analyzes the influence of intellectual capital and its components on the national wealth of European Union countries. Thus, theories about the topics are presented an, econometric techniques of time series and analysis panel data has been used to analyze the data collected. The results of the first essay showed that there is no causal relationship between PPP and the Balassa-Samuelson effect, in addition the tests revealed a long-term causality between the variables. The results of the second part did not show evidence of cointegration between the exchange rate and wages, suggesting that, in the period analyzed, it is not possible to conclude that there is any relationship between the exchange rate and wages for the Brazilian economy. However, Granger's causality tests suggest that over time wages cause changes in the exchange rate. The results of the third research fail to find evidence of the influence of structural capital on national wealth, on the other hand, relational capital was positive and significant in all estimated models. Finally, despite finding evidence of a positive moderating effect between innovation and sophistication in the relationship between human capital and national wealth, it is not possible to validate that there is a moderating effect on the relationship between intellectual capital and national wealth. / Este trabalho é composto de três ensaios abordando os temas de câmbio e competitividade para a economia brasileira, norte-americana e europeia. A primeira parte tem como objetivo verificar empiricamente a validade da teoria da paridade do poder de compra e do efeito Balassa-Samuelson para a economia brasileira e norte-americana, no período de 1948 a 2016. A segunda parte busca analisar a relação entre taxa de câmbio e salários para a economia brasileira no período pós abertura comercial, entre 1999 e 2015. A terceira parte analisa a influência do capital intelectual e seus componentes na riqueza nacional dos países da união europeia. Sendo assim, são apresentadas as teorias sobre os temas abordados e para analisar os dados obtidos são utilizadas as técnicas econométricas de séries temporais e análise de dados em painel. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio mostraram que não existe uma relação de causalidade entre PPP e o efeito Balassa-Samuelson, além disso os testes mostraram uma causalidade de longo prazo entre as variáveis analisadas. Os resultados da segunda parte não mostraram evidências de cointegração entre taxa de câmbio e salários, sugerindo que no período analisado não é possível concluir que exista algum tipo de relação entre a taxa de câmbio e os salários para a economia brasileira. No entanto, os testes de causalidade de Granger sugerem que os salários ao longo do tempo causam variações na taxa de câmbio. Os resultados do terceiro capítulo não conseguem evidenciar a influência do capital estrutural na riqueza nacional; por outro lado o capital relacional mostrou-se positivo e significativo em todos as estimações realizadas. Por fim, apesar de encontrar evidências de um efeito moderador positivo entre inovação e sofisticação na relação entre capital humano e riqueza nacional, não é possível concluir que exista um efeito moderador sobre a relação entre capital intelectual e riqueza nacional.

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國際貿易理論有二大模型：即Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson 模型，以及強調特殊生產 因素之特殊要素模型（Special Factor Model）。 本文擬對特殊生產要素模型加以探討，並改變模型一些假設，分析模型之各種效果。 本文第一部分及乃就此模型，建立統一模型，比較Jones、Ikemoto以及Amano 等人之 主張，並敘述其一般性質。第二、三部分則擬改變假設，分別討論技術進以及規模報 酬變動存在情形下，對模型各種效果之影響。

Differences in price levels as well as inflation rates among countries have been subject of discussion for a long time. More than the actual levels, however, the question of determinants of price levels in time and a possible convergence is key for the new member states with respect to the Maastricht criteria. The dynamics of price levels is crucial, and many suggestions have been put forward to explain the observed trends and changes. This thesis focuses on the determinants of relative price level, and hence real exchange rate, developments in the new member states of the EU and employs a regression analysis to examine their change in time. As most of the countries in focus are transition economies, structural variables are also included among the independent variables. We find that the Balassa- Samuelson effect is key to explaining real exchange rate developments as the effect of productivity differential has been significant over the whole period examined. However, in the recent years, marked by the onset of the crisis, other factors, such as the structure of trade and Euro area membership, have become more prominent.

The aim of the submitted thesis "Nominal and Real Convergence of the Czech Republic to EU (selected issues)" is to analyze nominal and real convergence of the Czech Republic to EU member countries from macroeconomic point of view, by using comparison with other transition economies. It presents and discusses theoretical issues relating to convergent process. The thesis deals with analysis of convergence using these indicators: GDP per capita in purchasing power parities, comparative price level, Maastricht criteria and some other indicators.

The three essays in this dissertation progressively answer the following questions: (a) How important are constraints? (b) Who benefits from removing constraints? (c) When does a constraint for a single market predominantly affect closely related markets? These questions are applied in the context of time, weather, and minimum wage constraints, respectively. The first essay demonstrates that constraints matter. A data envelopment analysis capacity utilization methodology is used to measure impacts on sales from a sequential relaxation of the time and income constraints. Using a subsample bootstrap to estimate confidence intervals, results show that time matters more than income, particularly in fall and winter when other activities compete for gardening time. The second essay shows that the poor are least likely to gain from the relaxation of non-income constraints. A theory of demand is developed in which consumers face multiple constraints. Then, a structural model is used to econometrically estimate the effect of global warming on demand, using nursery data on flowering plants. The model shows that there exists a tipping point around 64 degrees Fahrenheit, above which demand ceases to be climate-constrained. The third essay shows that a constraint in a single market can sometimes have more profound consequences on other, more distantly related markets. First, it is proven that if a series of markets are structured like a chain-- where only own and neighboring prices matter--then a shock to one market decreases with distance. The case of minimum wages in Oregon is investigated using a large panel dataset for all workers in Oregon using a first difference econometric model. It is determined that the ripple effects of the minimum have even larger effects on higher-wage earners, disconfirming the chain pattern. High substitutions between low and high wage groups may explain the pattern. Altogether the essays further the understanding of constraints to demonstrate that (a) constraints significantly affect economic outcomes, (b) if one constraint is lifted, those individuals alternately-constrained are left behind from any benefits, and (c) constraints to a single market may have unintended and sometimes larger effects on 'farther' markets. / Graduation date: 2012

Mass., Harvard Univ., Dep. of Economics, Diss.--Cambridge, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth.

Calif., Univ., Dep. of Economics, Diss.--Stanford, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 3 Beitr.

DC, Georgetown Univ., Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Diss.--Washington, 2004. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 4 Beitr.

The aim of the submitted thesis is macroeconomic analysis, comparison and evaluation of nominal and real convergence of the Visegrad Group states with EU-15 states. By the help of regression model, one can state that in years 2004--2008 countries of V4 reached Beta - convergence with EU-15. However, this did not hold for the critical period in 2008--2012 when mainly Hungary lagged behind. There was proved a positive relationship between real and nominal convergence wherewith Balassa-Samuelson Effect for EU states was confirmed. The Czech Republic has always shown a lower nominal value than it would correspond to its GDP per capita, still it approximated to regression line over time. Other V4 states registered inverse course. During period 2004--2012, the Czech Republic performed Maastricht conver-gence criteria best from V4 states. Contrariwise, Hungary had the worst position of the ob-served period.