Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1990.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Also available in print.

This dissertation critically analyzes control theories of delinquency, but concentrates on Hirschi's version. The bonds of control reduce to two concepts, "belief" and "attachment," since "involvement" and "commitment" appear to be redundant. An analysis of the dimensionality of both belief and attachment is made in order to provide indicators to test control theory, but no adequate empirical means of reduction is found. A review of deterrence and an analysis of the meaning of sanctions suggest that "fear of sanctions" should also be tested in a control framework, but in order to accomplish this it is necessary to make the distinction between cognitive measures of fear and emotional measures of fear. A measure, "anxiety," based on emotional response is tested and located in a passive aversive conditioning framework. Consideration is also given to the institutional referents of "fear of sanctions" and it appears that legal institutions have the least effective sanctions. The test of control theory uses the general linear model with the three general concepts, in blocks of unspecified causal order, regressed on five specific measures of delinquency and three general indices of delinquency. Some support for control theory is found for belief variables across all acts, but attachment has a lower and less consistent effect. The fear of sanction measures are not relevant to all acts, and where they are, it generally is in a direction opposite to that predicted. An argument is made that control theory most likely reduces to existing theories of socialization, and that there is some support for thinking of it in a passive aversive framework of learning.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

O presente estudo teve por objeto a sistematização da matéria concernente às sanções processuais aplicáveis em decorrência da prática de atos atentatórios ao exercício da jurisdição relativamente ao descumprimento das decisões judiciais e a apresentação de soluções às contradições existentes na legislação e na jurisprudência brasileiras sobre o tema, a fim de contribuir para o aprimoramento da teoria processual; estimular a utilização, pelos tribunais, das sanções processuais decorrentes de atos atentatórios ao exercício da jurisdição; e fornecer subsídios à alteração legislativa dos dispositivos que tratam do assunto. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da utilização de fontes primárias e secundárias, quais sejam: consulta bibliográfica, na literatura nacional e estrangeira, com a elaboração de fichas: livros, revistas especializadas e artigos da internet; estudo da legislação aplicável à espécie; pesquisa jurisprudencial no Supremo Tribunal Federal, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça, nos Tribunais Regionais Federais e nos Tribunais de Justiça brasileiros, bem como em cortes estrangeiras: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça de Portugal; Corte de Apelação da Carolina do Norte (EUA); Suprema Corte do Canadá; e Corte de Apelação da Inglaterra. Após a análise da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência pertinentes, chegou-se à conclusão de que o disciplinamento do ato atentatório ao exercício da jurisdição no Brasil é contraditório e insuficiente, evidenciando-se necessária a uniformização e aperfeiçoamento das normas do Código de Processo Civil sobre o assunto, visto que a eficácia do instituto estudado é imprescindível à efetividade das decisões judiciais que, por seu turno, é indispensável à dignidade da jurisdição e à garantia da tutela jurisdicional efetiva. / This study aimed at the system of the subject concerning applicable procedural sanctions as the result of contempt of court practice related to the non-compliance with judicial decisions and presentation of solutions to existing contradictions in the brazilian legislation and jurisprudence on the theme in order to help improve the procedural theory; to encourage the use by courthouses of procedural sanctions that stem from contempt of court; and to provide a base for legislation change of the articles which deal with the subject. The research was based on the use of primary and secondary sources as follows: research on bibliography, national and foreign literature as well as the use of a file: books, journals and internet articles; study of law that is applicable to the subject: jurisprudential research at the Supremo Tribunal Federal, at the Tribunais Regionais Federais and brazilian Court Houses, as well as in foreign courts: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça of Portugal; Court of Appeals of North Carolina (USA); Supreme Court of Canada; and High Court and Court of Appeal (Civil Divisions) in England and Wales. After the analysis of the pertaining doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence, we came to the conclusion that the contempt of court in Brazil is contradictory and insufficient, being necessary the standard of improvement of rules of the Code of Civil Procedure about the subject, since the effectiveness of the institute studied is of the utmost importance to the effectiveness of judicial decisions that, by its turn, is a must when it comes to the dignity of justice and guarantee of effective jurisdiction.

Unconstitutional changes, especially coups d’états, have undoubtedly eroded peace and security in many parts of the African continent. These occurrences have also stunted the development of democracy in some African states. The African Union (AU), supported by sub-regional bodies, addresses this problem by imposing sanctions on the regimes that acquire power through coups with the aim of restoring political order. However, this sanctions policy has produced mixed results. In some cases, these sanctions managed to succeed in achieving their objectives (Guinea) while in other instances sanctions failed to achieve their objectives (Madagascar). It is therefore imperative to inquire into the circumstances and assess the conditions under which the AU sanctions policies failed and succeeded in restoring political order to states that experience coups d’états. / Political Sciences / M.A. (International Politics)

Unconstitutional changes, especially coups d’états, have undoubtedly eroded peace and security in many parts of the African continent. These occurrences have also stunted the development of democracy in some African states. The African Union (AU), supported by sub-regional bodies, addresses this problem by imposing sanctions on the regimes that acquire power through coups with the aim of restoring political order. However, this sanctions policy has produced mixed results. In some cases, these sanctions managed to succeed in achieving their objectives (Guinea) while in other instances sanctions failed to achieve their objectives (Madagascar). It is therefore imperative to inquire into the circumstances and assess the conditions under which the AU sanctions policies failed and succeeded in restoring political order to states that experience coups d’états. / Political Sciences / M.A. (International Politics)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Severino_Dissert.pdf: 1164163 bytes, checksum: c42e9294ca9b172947efd728c3b7076b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-09 / This study aimed at the system of the subject concerning applicable procedural sanctions as the result of contempt of court practice related to the non-compliance with judicial decisions and presentation of solutions to existing contradictions in the brazilian legislation and jurisprudence on the theme in order to help improve the procedural theory; to encourage the use by courthouses of procedural sanctions that stem from contempt of court; and to provide a base for legislation change of the articles which deal with the subject. The research was based on the use of primary and secondary sources as follows: research on bibliography, national and foreign literature as well as the use of a file: books, journals and internet articles; study of law that is applicable to the subject: jurisprudential research at the Supremo Tribunal Federal, at the Tribunais Regionais Federais and brazilian Court Houses, as well as in foreign courts: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça of Portugal; Court of Appeals of North Carolina (USA); Supreme Court of Canada; and High Court and Court of Appeal (Civil Divisions) in England and Wales. After the analysis of the pertaining doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence, we came to the conclusion that the contempt of court in Brazil is contradictory and insufficient, being necessary the standard of improvement of rules of the Code of Civil Procedure about the subject, since the effectiveness of the institute studied is of the utmost importance to the effectiveness of judicial decisions that, by its turn, is a must when it comes to the dignity of justice and guarantee of effective jurisdiction. / O presente estudo teve por objeto a sistematização da matéria concernente às sanções processuais aplicáveis em decorrência da prática de atos atentatórios ao exercício da jurisdição relativamente ao descumprimento das decisões judiciais e a apresentação de soluções às contradições existentes na legislação e na jurisprudência brasileiras sobre o tema, a fim de contribuir para o aprimoramento da teoria processual; estimular a utilização, pelos tribunais, das sanções processuais decorrentes de atos atentatórios ao exercício da jurisdição; e fornecer subsídios à alteração legislativa dos dispositivos que tratam do assunto. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da utilização de fontes primárias e secundárias, quais sejam: consulta bibliográfica, na literatura nacional e estrangeira, com a elaboração de fichas: livros, revistas especializadas e artigos da internet; estudo da legislação aplicável à espécie; pesquisa jurisprudencial no Supremo Tribunal Federal, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça, nos Tribunais Regionais Federais e nos Tribunais de Justiça brasileiros, bem como em cortes estrangeiras: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça de Portugal; Corte de Apelação da Carolina do Norte (EUA); Suprema Corte do Canadá; e Corte de Apelação da Inglaterra. Após a análise da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência pertinentes, chegou-se à conclusão de que o disciplinamento do ato atentatório ao exercício da jurisdição no Brasil é contraditório e insuficiente, evidenciando-se necessária a uniformização e aperfeiçoamento das normas do Código de Processo Civil sobre o assunto, visto que a eficácia do instituto estudado é imprescindível à efetividade das decisões judiciais que, por seu turno, é indispensável à dignidade da jurisdição e à garantia da tutela jurisdicional efetiva.

Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, this dissertation explores three factors currently not addressed in the literature on men who batter women and who are court ordered to participate in a battering intervention program. These factors are the cumulative effects of civil and criminal legal sanctions (dose-response of sanctions) for domestic violence related offenses on recidivism, reduced opportunities to recidivate, and whether the number of legal sanctions imposed has an effect on how long a man maintains his non-recidivism status. Because one domestic violence case may involve multiple sanctions, this study uses the Legal Sanction Dose-Response Index to gauge the cumulative impact of civil and criminal sanctions upon recidivism of domestic violence. The Cox proportional hazards model indicates that the risk of recidivism is 45% lower for men who experienced two legal sanctions (typically arrest and probation) in response to the index case, relative to men who experienced one legal sanction (typically civil protective order). In other words, those with two legal sanctions are able to maintain their non-recidivism status longer relative to those with one sanction. Men with prior criminal court involvement for domestic violence related offenses are more likely to recidivate. Additionally, rather than incarceration reducing opportunities to recidivate, this study finds that incarceration for any offenses committed during the follow-up period is a predictor of recidivism of domestic violence related offenses. It is possible that, rather than incarceration reducing opportunities, recidivists are persistent and use whatever opportunities are available to them to commit domestic violence, despite legal sanctions.