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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Genetic analysis as part of an integrated strategy for diagnosis in autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

Pogue, Robert January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
2

Towards pharmacological strategies for missense mutations in two genes linked to muscular dystrophies / Vers des stratégies pharmacologiques pour des mutations faux-sens dans deux gènes liés aux dystrophies musculaires

Dias Henriques, Sara 11 July 2018 (has links)
La pathogénicité de nombreuses maladies génétiques humaines peut être liée à la reconnaissance de la protéine mutante mal repliée par le système de contrôle de la qualité des cellules (CQ), conduisant à leur dégradation. Néanmoins, un certain nombre de ces protéines mutées ont conservé une activité biologique, suggérant que le sauvetage de la dégradation peut réduire la pathologie et ouvrir la porte à des stratégies thérapeutiques pour traiter ces maladies.Les dystrophies musculaires des ceintures (LGMD) sont des maladies musculaires caractérisés par une atrophie progressive de la ceinture pelvienne et scapulaire. Des études menées par nous et par d'autres groupes ont montré que le mécanisme pathologique de certaines LGMD (sarcoglycanopathies et dystroglycanopathies) est associé à une dégradation prématurée des protéines mal repliées par le CQ. Les sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD2C-F) sont causées par des mutations dans l'un des 4 sarcoglycanes (SG). Ces protéines transmembranaires font partie du complexe dystrophine-glycoprotéine (DGC), qui lie le cytosquelette à la matrice extracellulaire (ECM) et est crucial pour la résistance mécanique des fibres musculaires. Les dystroglycanopathies sont un groupe de maladies associées à l'hypoglycosylation de l'alpha-dystroglycane (a-DG). Au DGC, a-DG est en contact direct avec l'ECM par une glycosylation complexe générée par l'action de plusieurs enzymes. Notre laboratoire se concentre sur l'une de ces enzymes, la protéine liée à la fukutine (FKRP), dont les mutations mènent à LGMD2I.Dans le but d'identifier des molécules candidates capables de sauver les protéines mutantes sarcoglycanes et FKRP, un criblage à haute-débit de composés pharmacologiques validés a été envisagé. Pour ce type de criblage, des modèles cellulaires in vitro appropriés ont été générés. Grâce à une approche candidate et à une criblage, nous avons identifié plusieurs molécules capables de sauver et de localiser correctement les mutants alpha-SG à la membrane cellulaire. Dans le but de tester l'efficacité et la sécurité des molécules in vivo, nous avons généré un nouveau modèle de souris portant une mutation T151R b-SG, car le modèle précédent portant une mutation correspondant à la mutation humaine R77C ne présentait pas de pathologie. Le nouveau modèle ne présentait pas non plus de phénotype dystrophique, la protéine bêta-SG mutée étant correctement présente à la membrane de la fibre musculaire, ce qui indique que le système de CQ est différent entre les deux espèces.En ce qui concerne FKRP, nous avons caractérisé certaines protéines mutantes in vitro et identifié deux différentes classes de mutants: des mutants retenus dans l'ER mais néanmoins capables de trafiquer vers le Golgi où ils ont montré une fonctionnalité. D'autres mutations FKRP correctement adressées au Golgi ont cependant perdu leur fonctionnalité. Les patients affectés par ces mutations ne peuvent pas bénéficier de stratégies pharmacologiques ciblant le CQ et pourraient être des candidats pour des approches de thérapie génique. En utilisant les mutants FKRP qui pourraient être sauvés de la dégradation et être fonctionnels, nous avons généré de nouveaux modèles cellulaires pour les criblages à haut-débit qui sont actuellement en cours de validation.Globalement, ce projet a permis la génération de modèles in vitro pertinents pour le test de médicaments pour le sauvetage de protéines mutantes faux-sens menant à deux maladies musculaires pour lesquelles aucun traitement curatif actuel n'est disponible. / The pathogenicity of many human genetic diseases can be related to the recognition of the mutant misfolded protein by the cell quality control (QC) system, leading to their degradation. Interestingly, a number of these mutated proteins have nevertheless retained biological activity, suggesting that rescue from degradation can reduce the pathology and open the door for therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are muscular disorders characterized by progressive wasting of the pelvic and shoulder muscles. Previously studies by us and other groups showed that the pathological mechanism of some LGMDs (sarcoglycanopathies and dystroglycanopathies) is associated with premature degradation of misfolded proteins through QC. Sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD2C-F) are caused by mutations in any of the 4 sarcoglycans (SGs). These transmembrane proteins are part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which connects the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is crucial for the mechanical resistance of the muscle fibers. Dystroglycanopathies are a group of diseases associated with hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (a-DG). At the DGC, a-DG is in direct contact with the ECM through a complex glycosylation generated by the action of several enzymes. Our lab focuses on one of these enzymes, Fukutin-related protein (FKRP), whose mutations lead to LGMD2I.With the aim of identifying candidate molecules able to rescue the sarcoglycan and FKRP mutant proteins, a high-content screen of approved and validated pharmacological compounds was envisaged. For this type of screen, appropriate in vitro cellular models were generated. Through a candidate approach and high-content screen, we identified several molecules able to rescue and correctly localize alpha-SG mutants to the cell membrane. For the purpose of testing the efficacy and safety of the molecules in vivo, we generated a new mouse model carrying a T151R b-SG mutation, as the previous model carrying a mutation corresponding to the human R77C mutation failed to reproduce the pathology. The new model also did not present a dystrophic phenotype, with the mutated beta-SG protein correctly present at the muscle fiber membrane, indicating that the QC system is different between the two species.As for FKRP, we characterized a number of mutant proteins in vitro showing two different classes of mutants: some mutants were retained in the ER but could nonetheless overcome this retention and be allowed to traffic to the Golgi where they showed functionality. Other FKRP mutations are correctly addressed to the Golgi but are functionally impaired. Patients affected by these mutations may not benefit from QC-targeting pharmacological strategies and could be candidates for gene therapy approaches. Utilizing the FKRP mutants that could be rescued of degradation and be functional, we have generated new cellular models for high-content screens which are currently being validated.Altogether, this project allowed the generation of relevant in vitro models for identification of drugs allowing the rescue of missense mutant proteins leading to two muscular diseases for which no current curative treatment is available.
3

Distrofias musculares progressivas de cinturas tipo 2: perfil epidemiolÃgico no estado do Cearà / Muscular Dystrophies progressive of waists type 2: profile epidemiologist in the state of CearÃ, Northeast of Brazil

Leonardo Halley Carvalho Pimentel 26 September 2008 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Objective: To report the clinical and muscle biopsy findings from the recessive forms of limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD type 2) seen in the state of CearÃ, Northeast of Brazil. Design: Case series. Setting: Tertiary care clinic, University hospital. Patients and Methods: We studied 41 patients from 32 families with chronic progressive weakness in a limb-girdle distribution seen at a tertiary care hospital. All patients were born in the State of CearÃ. Patients with autossomal dominant pattern or facial involvement were excluded. Muscle biopsies specimens were immunostained for dystrophin, sarcoglycan, dysferlin, myotilin, merosin and emerin on all cases. Results: We found a specific protein deficiency in 24 patients (58.5%) from 20 families. Among these patients 11 (45.8%) had sarcoglycanopathy and 13 (54.2%) had dysferlinopathy and the pattern of inheritance was autosomal recessive or sporadic. Eletrocardiographic changes were seen in 6 (54.5%) patients with sarcoglycanopathy. Conclusion: Sarcoglicanopathies and disferlinopathies represent more than 60% of the cases of families with LGMD type 2 in this series from Northeast Brazil. Immunohistochemistry is still a very important tool for classification of LGMDs if genetic testing is not available or limited. Further studies are necessary to characterize the genetic background of the different LGMD families and to further characterize the other subtypes of LGMD type 2 in Brazil. / Objetivo: CaracterizaÃÃo clÃnica e de achados da biÃpsia muscular de formas recessivas de distrofias musculares de cinturas (DMPC tipo 2) no Estado do CearÃ, Nordeste do Brasil. Desenho: SÃrie de casos. Local: Hospital universitÃrio; atendimento terciÃrio. Pacientes e mÃtodos: Foram estudados 41 pacientes de 32 famÃlias com fraqueza crÃnica progressiva em distribuiÃÃo de cinturas atendidos em hospital terciÃrio. Todos os pacientes nasceram no Estado do CearÃ. Pacientes com padrÃo de heranÃa autossÃmico dominante ou com fraqueza facial foram excluÃdos. Os espÃcimes das biÃpsias musculares foram imunomarcados para distrofina, sarcoglicano, disferlina, miotilina, merosina e emerina em todos os casos. Resultados: Foi encontrado um padrÃo especÃfico de deficiÃncia protÃica em 24 pacientes (58,5%) de 20 famÃlias. Entre estes pacientes 11 (45,8%) tinham sarcoglicanopatia e 13 (54,2%) tinham disferlinopatia e o padrÃo de heranÃa foi recessivo ou esporÃdico. AlteraÃÃes eletrocardiogrÃficas foram observadas em 6 (54,5%) pacientes com sarcoglicanopatia. ConclusÃo: Sarcoglicanopatias e disferlinopatias representam mais de 60% dos casos de famÃlias com DMPC tipo 2 nesta sÃrie do Nosrdeste brasileiro. ImunohistoquÃmica ainda à uma ferramenta muito importante para classificaÃÃo das DMPCs se o teste genÃtico nÃo està disponÃvel ou à limitado. Estudos futuros sÃo necessÃrios para caracterizar o perfil genÃtico de diferentes famÃlias com DMPC, bem como caracterizar outros subtipos de DMPC tipo 2 no Brasil.

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