Software-basierte Selbsttest (SBST) Konzepte für Prozessoren werden zunehmend interessant nicht nur durch die At-Speed Test Problematik. Auch bezüglich Stromaufnahme und Testzeit bietet dieses Testkonzept gegenüber dem Standard Verfahren wie etwa Scan-Test Vorteile. Als grundsätzlich problematisch ist die Erzeugung solcher software-basierten Testroutinen anzusehen, da bislang kein geeigneter einheitlicher Entwurfsprozess vorliegt. Deshalb wurde exemplarisch für einen einfachen 16-bit Prozessorkern sowohl eine manuelle rein funktional erstellte SBST und eine automatisch generierte auf Strukturinformationen basierende SBST untersucht um die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines solchen Ansatzes aufzuzeigen.

Software-basierte Selbsttest (SBST) Konzepte für Prozessoren werden zunehmend interessant nicht nur durch die At-Speed Test Problematik. Auch bezüglich Stromaufnahme und Testzeit bietet dieses Testkonzept gegenüber dem Standard Verfahren wie etwa Scan-Test Vorteile. Als grundsätzlich problematisch ist die Erzeugung solcher software-basierten Testroutinen anzusehen, da bislang kein geeigneter einheitlicher Entwurfsprozess vorliegt. Deshalb wurde exemplarisch für einen einfachen 16-bit Prozessorkern sowohl eine manuelle rein funktional erstellte SBST und eine automatisch generierte auf Strukturinformationen basierende SBST untersucht um die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines solchen Ansatzes aufzuzeigen.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T12:46:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Nunes Machado - 2016.pdf: 954291 bytes, checksum: 2b4b0a80a709d8803e7d0857e9aad0dd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T12:46:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Nunes Machado - 2016.pdf: 954291 bytes, checksum: 2b4b0a80a709d8803e7d0857e9aad0dd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T12:46:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Nunes Machado - 2016.pdf: 954291 bytes, checksum: 2b4b0a80a709d8803e7d0857e9aad0dd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The software testing is an important component of software development life cycle, that directly affects quality of software products. Some problems in software testing phase can not be optimized only with traditional Software Engineering techniques. It is possible to do the mathematical modelling of those problems in an attempt to optimize them through the search techniques. However, the use of optimization approaches tend to incorporate more and more activities decisions to the tester, making more complex test activity. So, in order that optimization techniques are in fact employed at the Software Test solutions, the ability to abstract the details of optimization are required. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a framework for search-based software testing (SBST). The proposed framework works as a top-level layer over generic optimization frameworks and testing software tools, it's target is supporting software testers that are not able to use optimization frameworks during a testing activity due to short deadlines and limited resources or skills, also supporting expert or beginners users from optimization area that need or want to compare their metaheuristics with ones from literature and offered by the proposed framework. The framework was evaluated in a case study of software testing scenario. This scenario was modeled as test case selection problem in which experiments were executed with different metaheuristics and benchmarks offered by framework. The results indicate it's capability to support the SBST area with emphasis on the test cases selection. The framework was evaluated and compared with other SBST frameworks in terms of quality metrics, that indicated its extensibility and flexibility as framework. / O Teste de Software é uma parte essencial do processo de desenvolvimento de software, com impacto direto na qualidade do produto de software. Alguns problemas detectados durante a fase de teste de software não são possíveis de serem resolvidos apenas com as técnicas tradicionais da Engenharia de Software. Nestes casos é possível realizar a modelagem matemática desses problemas e tentar otimizá-los por meio das técnicas de busca. Entretanto, a utilização de abordagens de otimização tende a incorporar mais decisões e mais atividades para o testador, tornando a atividade de teste mais complexa. Assim, para que as técnicas de otimização sejam de fato empregadas no Teste de Software, soluções com a capacidade de abstrair detalhes da otimização são necessárias. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em propor um framework para apoiar o Teste de Software Baseado em Busca. O framework proposto funciona como uma camada de alto nível sobre os frameworks genéricos de otimização e as ferramentas de teste de software, apoiando testadores de software que não são capazes de utilizar os frameworks de otimização durante uma atividade de teste devido a prazos curtos e recursos ou habilidades limitadas, além de apoiar usuários iniciantes ou especialistas da área de otimização que precisam ou desejam comparar suas metaheurísticas ou heurísticas com as da literatura e as oferecidas pelo framework proposto. O framework foi avaliado em um estudo de caso no cenário de teste de software. Tal cenário foi modelo como um problema de seleção de casos de teste, em que experimentos foram executados com diferentes metaheurísticas e benchmarks oferecidos pelo framework. Os resultados indicaram a capacidade do framework em apoiar a aréa de SBST, com destaque para o problema de seleção de casos de teste. Além disso, o framework também foi avaliado e comparado com outro framework SBST em termos de métricas de qualidade, que indicaram a extensibilidade e flexibilidade do framework proposto.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T17:02:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo Noronha de Andrade Freitas - 2016.pdf: 1936673 bytes, checksum: 4336d187b0e552ae806ef83b9f695db0 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-10T11:14:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo Noronha de Andrade Freitas - 2016.pdf: 1936673 bytes, checksum: 4336d187b0e552ae806ef83b9f695db0 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T11:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo Noronha de Andrade Freitas - 2016.pdf: 1936673 bytes, checksum: 4336d187b0e552ae806ef83b9f695db0 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The creation of a suite of unit testing is preceded by the selection of which components (code units) should be tested. This selection is a significant challenge, usually made based on the team member’s experience or guided by defect prediction or fault localization models. We modeled the selection of components for unit testing with limited resources as a multi-objective problem, addressing two different objectives: maximizing benefits and minimizing cost. To measure the benefit of a component, we made use of important metrics from static analysis (cost of future maintenance), dynamic analysis (risk of fault, and frequency of calls), and business value. We tackled gaps and challenges in the literature to formulate an effective method, the Selector of Software Components for Unit testing (SCOUT). SCOUT was structured in two stages: an automated extraction of all necessary data and a multi-objective optimization process. The Android platform was chosen to perform our experiments, and nine leading open-source applications were used as our subjects. SCOUT was compared with two of the most frequently used strategies in terms of efficacy.We also compared the effectiveness and efficiency of seven algorithms in solving a multi-objective component selection problem: random technique; constructivist heuristic; Gurobi, a commercial tool; genetic algorithm; SPEA_II; NSGA_II; and NSGA_III. The results indicate the benefits of using multi-objective evolutionary approaches such as NSGA_II and demonstrate that SCOUT has a significant potential to reduce market vulnerability. To the best of our knowledge, SCOUT is the first method to assist software testing managers in selecting components at the method level for the development of unit testing in an automated way based on a multi-objective approach, exploring static and dynamic metrics and business value. / (Sem resumo)

This research focuses on the challenges encountered by teachers in terms of support in teaching inclusive education in primary schools. According to the White Paper 6 of 2001, the Department of Education gives guidelines and points out the strengths of school-based support teams (SBST) and district support teams in attempting to overcome inclusivity. The SBST works with a variety of internal support structures to meet the needs of teachers who are teaching inclusive education. Schools in South Africa - especially in townships – are, generally, of the opinion that managing the process of inclusive education is the sole responsibility of the Department of Education. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative which is explorative and descriptive by nature. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of the principals and the school-based teams in supporting teachers teaching inclusive education in primary schools. Data was collected by means of two focused interviews, which involved the principals and members of the school-based support team and by using one-on-one, semi–structured interviews. The collected data was analysed and categorized according to a constant comparative method. The data revealed a number of frustrations and challenges for teachers who need support in teaching learners in inclusive education. It is evident that there is a lack of support both from the principals and the SBSTs in supporting teachers who are teaching inclusive education. There is an insufficient knowledge and a lack of skills in supporting teachers teaching inclusive education as there has been no proper training for these teachers. However, the Department of Education has ensured that the introduction of White Paper 6 is aligned to the schools’ contextual systems. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This study investigated the implementation of inclusive education in three schools of Mthatha district in the Eastern Cape Province, in accordance with the principles set out in Education White Paper 6: Special Needs Education—Building an inclusive education and training system. The qualitative method was used in this study, and data collection strategies were based on interviews and observations. The study established the following challenges that hampered the implementation of inclusive education in the three schools: • Lack of training or workshops for both principals and educators on inclusive education, which led to a lack of knowledge about the topic and ways to support learners experiencing barriers to learning in their schools. • Lack of access to the White Paper 6 document. These challenges can remedied by proactive assistance from the Eastern Cape Department of Education and the Mthatha District of Education authorities. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-06T17:24:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - André Assis Lôbo de Oliveira- 2013.pdf: 3915731 bytes, checksum: 2447fa437e5dca74e295727bd8fed4d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-06T19:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - André Assis Lôbo de Oliveira- 2013.pdf: 3915731 bytes, checksum: 2447fa437e5dca74e295727bd8fed4d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-06T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - André Assis Lôbo de Oliveira- 2013.pdf: 3915731 bytes, checksum: 2447fa437e5dca74e295727bd8fed4d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Verification and Validation Activities (V&V) consume about 50% to 60% of the total cost of a software lifecycle. Among those activities, Software Testing technique is one which is mostly used during this process. One of the main problems related to detected in Software Testing is to find a set of tests (subset from input domain of the problem) which is effective to detect the remaining bugs in the software. The Search-Based Software Testing (SBST) approach uses metaheuristics to find low cost set of tests with a high effectiveness to detect bugs. From several existing test criteria, Mutation Testing is considered quite promising to reveal bugs, despite its high computational cost, due to the great quantity of mutant programs generated. Therefore, this dissertation addresses the problem of selecting mutant programs and test cases in Mutation Testing context. To this end, it is proposed a Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm (CGA) and the concept of Genetic Effectiveness, implemented by Genetic Classification (GC) and new genetic operators adapted to the proposed representation. Furthermore, the Genetic Algorithm Coevolutionary with Controlled Genetic Classification (CGA􀀀CGCop) is proposed for improving the efficiency of CGA’s GC. The CGA is applied in three categories of benchmarks and compared to other five methods. The results show a better performance of the CGA in subsets selection with better mutation score, as well as improvement of CGA􀀀CGCop in use of GC. These results evidence the proposal approach with promising use in the context of Mutation Testing. / Atividades de Validação e Verificação (V&V) consomem cerca de 50% a 60% do custo total no ciclo de vida de um software. Dentre essas, o Teste de Software é uma das atividades mais empregadas. Um dos maiores problemas do Teste de Software é encontrar um conjunto de teste (subconjunto do domínio de entrada do problema) que seja eficaz em detectar os defeitos remanescentes no software. Neste contexto, a Search-Based Software Testing (SBST) é uma linha de pesquisa recente que vem propondo boas soluções, uma vez que utiliza-se de metaheurísticas para encontrar um conjunto de teste com baixo custo e grande eficácia na detecção de defeitos. Dentre os diversos critérios de teste existentes, o Teste de Mutação é bastante promissor na revelação de defeitos, entretanto apresenta um alto custo computacional em termos de aplicabilidade. Por isso, a pesquisa aborda o problema de seleção de programas mutantes e casos de teste no contexto do Teste de Mutação. Para tal, propõe o Algoritmo Genético Coevolucionário (AGC) que traz o conceito de Efetividade Genética, implementado pela Classificação Genética (CG) e por novos operadores genéticos adaptados à representação proposta. Além disso, propõe o Algoritmo Genético Coevolucionário com Classificação Genética Controlada (AGC 􀀀CGCop) para a melhoria da eficiência da CG do AGC. O algoritmo AGC é aplicado em três classes de benchmarks e comparado com outros cinco métodos. Os resultados demonstram um melhor desempenho do AGC na seleção de subconjuntos com melhor escore de mutação, bem como um aprimoramento do AGC􀀀CGCop no uso da CG. Tais resultados evidenciam a abordagem proposta com uso promissor no contexto do Teste de Mutação.

This study investigated the implementation of inclusive education in three schools of Mthatha district in the Eastern Cape Province, in accordance with the principles set out in Education White Paper 6: Special Needs Education—Building an inclusive education and training system. The qualitative method was used in this study, and data collection strategies were based on interviews and observations. The study established the following challenges that hampered the implementation of inclusive education in the three schools: • Lack of training or workshops for both principals and educators on inclusive education, which led to a lack of knowledge about the topic and ways to support learners experiencing barriers to learning in their schools. • Lack of access to the White Paper 6 document. These challenges can remedied by proactive assistance from the Eastern Cape Department of Education and the Mthatha District of Education authorities. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

The advent of democrary in South Africa in the early 1990's led, due to choice or circumstances, to the influx of numerous learners whose home language is an indigenous language, into school environments where the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) is English. These learners are confronted with the challenge of mastering the curriculum content while simultaneously learning English in which it is couched and instructed. When the LoLT differs from learners’ home language, this difference can be an educational barrier, which if not addressed timeously and effectively, may become a major challenge to a fully inclusive education system. The main aim of this research was to investigate whether Grade 4 English second language learners who experienced barriers to English as LoLT were supported in all subjects. The research also probed how effectively these learning support strategies were being implemented under the guidance of SBSTs at mainstream schools. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

The advent of democrary in South Africa in the early 1990's led, due to choice or circumstances, to the influx of numerous learners whose home language is an indigenous language, into school environments where the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) is English. These learners are confronted with the challenge of mastering the curriculum content while simultaneously learning English in which it is couched and instructed. When the LoLT differs from learners’ home language, this difference can be an educational barrier, which if not addressed timeously and effectively, may become a major challenge to a fully inclusive education system. The main aim of this research was to investigate whether Grade 4 English second language learners who experienced barriers to English as LoLT were supported in all subjects. The research also probed how effectively these learning support strategies were being implemented under the guidance of SBSTs at mainstream schools. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)