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Though current personality models provide a starting point for measuring ethical virtues, ethical content may not be fully captured in existing personality inventories due in part to the systematic elimination of morally-relevant trait-adjectives in early lexical studies. Further, personality dimensions relevant to measuring the ethical domain include both ethical and non-ethical content. The Moral Actions Questionnaire was designed to assess seven conceptually-distinct ethical virtues that are emphasized across cultures and philosophies. This dissertation investigates the performance of the Moral Actions Questionnaire, relative to other candidate models of ethical virtue from personality inventories. Psychometric quality, structural validity, and predictive validity for these models are evaluated in samples from five countries: Kenya, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. Findings suggest that the Moral Actions Questionnaire aids in prediction of altruistic bravery, guilt proneness, satisfaction with life, and meaning with life across most countries. Patterns in psychometric quality and structure across countries and methods (self- and informant-report) are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Educational Psychology Practitioner Scale (EPPS), which was designed to (a) assess the practices, training, and skills of educational psychologists and (b) determine their utility among K-12 schools classroom teachers. Study participants included 161 K-12 teachers across 21 states within the United States. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a 25-item, unidimensional scale. Correlating the EPPS with the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) and the Job Satisfaction Scale (Warner, 1973) provided discriminant validity for the scale. Study limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Unusual responses to sensory stimuli have been reported in nearly all children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). A few studies on adults indicate that the sensory and perceptual problems persist into adulthood. Sensory symptoms have not been included in the diagnostic criteria for ASC but in the new diagnostic manual (DSM-5, 2013) hyper- or hyporeactivity or unusual sensory interests were included in the diagnostic criteria for ASC. Sensory phenomena are mostly investigated in studies involving children and the scales used to measure sensory reactivity have been constructed on the basis of the scientific literature and parents’ reports. The experiences of adults with ASC are not well understood and have not been systematically used to develop measures. The overall aim of the thesis was to capture the first-hand experiences of and perspectives on sensory reactivity and translate them into a self-rating scale. To fulfil this overarching aim the personal sensory experiences of adults with ASC were investigated and the variations and range of atypical sensory phenomena explored and described in two qualitative studies (study I and II). The analyses of the firstperson descriptions enabled the development of items for a scale. These were reduced in steps and the final scale which was named the Sensory Reactivity in Autism Spectrum scale (SR-AS) comprised 32 items in four subscales: high awareness/ hyperreactivity, low awareness/hyporeactivity, strong sensory interests and sensory/motor. The SR-AS was validated using content and factor analyses. Its discriminative validity was then investigated as well as its reliability in the form of internal consistency (study III). In the final step the scale was used to identify clusters of atypical sensory functioning in adults with ASC by hierarchical cluster analysis (study IV). Three different sensory clusters were found. The main contribution of this thesis is its presentation of individual experience and perspectives and the creation of an clinical tool to measure atypical sensory reactivity frequently experienced by people with ASC. The ways in which the SR-AS can be used comprise assessment of individual sensory patterns for self-knowledge and awareness, to enable the development of coping strategies and to provide information on environmental adjustments required. In diagnostic processes where other criteria for ASC are fulfilled the SR-AS can be used for assessing sensory symptoms according to the DSM-5.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Junehee Kwon / Service sabotage refers to employees' deliberate actions that negatively affect service, functional quality, employee-customer rapport, and company performance. Almost all frontline employees in the hospitality industry have witnessed service sabotage behaviors, and 85% admitted to engaging in such misbehaviors. Despite the prevalence and profound impact of service sabotage, it has been a challenge for researchers to measure the construct and understand specific and contextualized restaurant service sabotage behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation was to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure restaurant service sabotage. A mixed methods research design was applied. A qualitative study was conducted to explore prevalent restaurant service sabotage behaviors and to generate an item pool for the initial scale, followed by two quantitative studies with two different groups of non-managerial frontline employees in full-service restaurants to refine and validate the scale. Guided by critical incident technique, 243 critical incidents were derived from the in-depth interviews (n = 26). Of those, 28 explicit types of restaurant service sabotage behaviors were identified and further categorized into three behavioral groups: targeting customers, colleagues, and restaurants. In conjunction with scale items extracted from related measures, an initial instrument consisting of 39 items was developed and administered to an online restaurant employee panel by hiring a professional research firm. A total of 419 usable responses were collected and analyzed using principal axis factoring with a promax rotation. Results revealed a 13-item scale with three dominant factors. To validate the scale, 463 usable responses were gathered for data analyses. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated a good model fit of the three-factor model, Chi-square/df=3.15, GFI=.96, CFI=.97, NFI=.95, and RMSEA=.07 while reducing the scale items from 13 to 10 and supporting the scale's dimensionality. Tests for validating construct validity were all fully supported. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were all greater than .70, showing internal consistency of the scale. This psychometrically valid and conceptually sound scale may be applied in future restaurant service sabotage research and may stimulate additional studies to advance the theory and explore the criterion network. Implications, limitations, and direction for future research are discussed.

This research investigates the intricate interplay between the moral emotions of shame and guilt, within justice-involved populations, with a special focus on those deemed Not Criminally Responsible (NCR) due to Mental Disorder. Recognizing the pivotal role of offense-related shame and guilt in motivating behavior and influencing psychological functioning, we conducted an extensive investigation to underscore the significance of acknowledging moral injury (MI) and its symptoms within this context. By synthesizing two comprehensive studies, our objective was twofold: to shed light on the prevalence and effects of shame and guilt, and to introduce the concept of moral injury as a fundamental lens for understanding their impact. In the first study, we examined the influence of shame and guilt on motivating behavior and psychological well-being among offending populations. We found that shame consistently relates to adverse outcomes, including defensive behaviors, self-loathing, and externalizing behaviors such as blame-shifting. Contrary to our predictions, guilt was associated with constructive responses, such as self-forgiveness, empathic concern, and assuming responsibility for one's actions. However, both shame and guilt contributed to the risk of recidivism among certain offenders. This study illuminates the intricate dynamics between moral emotions, psychopathology, and recidivism, underscoring the need to acknowledge the differential influences of the moral emotions, shame, and guilt. In the second study, we developed and validated the Moral Injury Screener in the Offending Population NCR (MIO-NCR), a self-report measure that assesses MI in justice-involved individuals, particularly NCR individuals. Through rigorous psychometric analysis, the MIO-NCR demonstrated promising criterion and construct validity. Our findings emphasized the centrality of guilt and betrayal in MI experienced by NCR individuals, aligning with contemporary syndromal definitions. The MIO-NCR, an invaluable tool, enables promising identification of MI within the NCR population. By consolidating these studies, we found that shame and guilt manifest profoundly withinthe justice-involved population, underscoring the value of MI and its core symptoms. The current thesis not only reaffirms the importance of understanding moral emotions but also advances knowledge on MI within this unique context. Our research provides a framework for developing a comprehensive approach to intervention and rehabilitation that recognizes the intricate relations between moral emotions, psychopathology, and recidivism, ultimately fostering healthier outcomes for justice-involved individuals. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / This study delves into moral injury experienced by individuals labelled non-criminally responsible (NCR) due to mental health issues within the criminal justice system. Moral injury captures the emotional turmoil, including guilt and shame, arising from engaging in morally conflicting actions or facing betrayal. Our research explores the influence of moral emotions like shame and guilt on those involved in criminal activities. We discovered shame often leads to negative behaviors and self-disapproval, while guilt promotes self-forgiveness and empathy. Both emotions impact the likelihood of reoffending. We also designed and validated a new tool, the Moral Injury Screener, to grasp moral distress in NCR individuals. This tool revealed that guilt and perceived betrayal are central to their moral struggles. Recognizing these feelings is vital for understanding and addressing moral injury within the criminal justice system.

This study's first goal is to investigate whether a 23-item multidimensional scale is a valid and reliable measure of benefits private club members perceive to be important. Seven theoretically plausible model structures are empirically tested: a unidimensional model, a two oblique first-order factors model, a four oblique first-order factors model, a two oblique second-order factors model, a bifactor model with two domain-specific factors, a bifactor model with four domain-specific factors, and two oblique bifactor models. The second goal is to examine the benefits members receive most often from their membership clubs. The multidimensional scale is based on four dimensions: member-to-employee relationship, member-to-member relationship, confidence, and reduced anxiety. Member-to-employee relationship and member-to-member relationship subscales are aligned with social benefits while confidence and reduced anxiety subscales are aligned with psychological benefits. The study participants (N = 114) were recruited through a commercial crowdsourcing platform, Prolific. The results of a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (BCFA) provided support for the two oblique bifactor models. Additionally, the social benefits and psychological benefits bifactor scales displayed acceptable reliability. A comparison of the means for each type of benefit revealed that no statistically significant differences existed between the general social benefits factor and the general psychological benefits factor as well as between member-to-employee relationship and member-to-member relationship benefits. However, the mean of reduced anxiety benefits was statistically significantly higher than the mean of confidence benefits. The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical understanding and measurement of private club membership value by examining various dimensions of benefits members perceive to be important. The findings also provide private club managers with a valid and reliable scale for assessing benefits their members perceive to be important.

O presente estudo tratou da validação do instrumento ICOS- Inventário de clima organizacional de segurança, no Brasil. Para tanto, o tema \"clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho\" foi estudado, a partir de pesquisas internacionais, onde já possui mais de 20 anos de estudo. Clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho é entendido como uma medida temporal da cultura de segurança e corresponde ao compartilhamento das percepções individuais sobre a organização. Tem caráter situacional e refere-se a um estado de segurança percebido em um local particular e em um determinado tempo. No Brasil, trata-se de um assunto em que não foram identificados estudos, mas que mostra sua relevância nos números de acidentes de trabalho e suas conseqüências financeiras, organizacionais e pessoais, cada vez mais preocupantes em nossa realidade. A amostra do estudo reuniu 334 trabalhadores da área industrial de uma usina de álcool e açúcar da região de Ribeirão Preto. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, que utilizou o método de levantamento de dados, através de 44 questões do questionário referido. O objetivo foi realizar a validação de constructo e preditiva da escala de medida, relacionando o clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho com as taxas de acidente de trabalho. Ao final, concluiu-se que a escala é válida, mas precisa de adaptações para ser aplicada para a realidade brasileira. Contudo, não mostrou correlações significativas na validação preditiva, quando comparada às taxas de acidente de trabalho da usina. A análise dos fatores de teste mostrou que variáveis como o setor e o tempo de empresa podem ter relação com o clima de segurança e com as taxas de acidente de trabalho. O estudo buscou contribuir para a implantação de melhorias na gestão de segurança do trabalho das empresas, fornecendo a análise de uma ferramenta de gerenciamento do ambiente de segurança organizacional. / The present study deals with the validation of instrument OSCI- Organizational Safety Climate Inventory in Brazil. The subject \"organizational safety climate\" is studied, from international research, where already it has been studied for more than 20 years. Organizational safety climate in the work is understood as a temporary measure of the safety culture and corresponds to the sharing of the individual perceptions on organization. It has situational character and one mentions a state of safety perceived in a particular place and one determined time. It is relatively unstable and subject to changes, depending on the characteristics of the current environment or predominant conditions. In Brazil, this is a subject not yet studied, but it demonstrates its relevance due the numbers of industrial accidents and its financial, organizational and personal consequences, each time more preoccupying in our reality. The sample of the study was the 334 workers of the industrial area of an alcohol and sugar plant in the region of Ribeirão Preto. The present study was characterized as descriptive and quantitative, with the data-collection method, using the 44 questions of the questionnaire. The purpose was to realize the construct and criterion validation of the measure scale, and can relate the organizational safety climate with the rates of occupational accident. It will expect to relate the organizational safety climate in the work environment with the rates of occupational accidents, what can lead to improvements of safety programs. At the end, it is concluded that the scale is valid but needs adjustments to be applied to the Brazilian reality, and showed no significant correlations in validating predictive. The analysis of the factors of test showed that variables such as section and time of work may have relationship with safety climate and with the rates of accidents. Anyway, the study sought to provide the analysis of a tool for managing the security environment organization.

O presente estudo tratou da validação do instrumento ICOS- Inventário de clima organizacional de segurança, no Brasil. Para tanto, o tema \"clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho\" foi estudado, a partir de pesquisas internacionais, onde já possui mais de 20 anos de estudo. Clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho é entendido como uma medida temporal da cultura de segurança e corresponde ao compartilhamento das percepções individuais sobre a organização. Tem caráter situacional e refere-se a um estado de segurança percebido em um local particular e em um determinado tempo. No Brasil, trata-se de um assunto em que não foram identificados estudos, mas que mostra sua relevância nos números de acidentes de trabalho e suas conseqüências financeiras, organizacionais e pessoais, cada vez mais preocupantes em nossa realidade. A amostra do estudo reuniu 334 trabalhadores da área industrial de uma usina de álcool e açúcar da região de Ribeirão Preto. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, que utilizou o método de levantamento de dados, através de 44 questões do questionário referido. O objetivo foi realizar a validação de constructo e preditiva da escala de medida, relacionando o clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho com as taxas de acidente de trabalho. Ao final, concluiu-se que a escala é válida, mas precisa de adaptações para ser aplicada para a realidade brasileira. Contudo, não mostrou correlações significativas na validação preditiva, quando comparada às taxas de acidente de trabalho da usina. A análise dos fatores de teste mostrou que variáveis como o setor e o tempo de empresa podem ter relação com o clima de segurança e com as taxas de acidente de trabalho. O estudo buscou contribuir para a implantação de melhorias na gestão de segurança do trabalho das empresas, fornecendo a análise de uma ferramenta de gerenciamento do ambiente de segurança organizacional. / The present study deals with the validation of instrument OSCI- Organizational Safety Climate Inventory in Brazil. The subject \"organizational safety climate\" is studied, from international research, where already it has been studied for more than 20 years. Organizational safety climate in the work is understood as a temporary measure of the safety culture and corresponds to the sharing of the individual perceptions on organization. It has situational character and one mentions a state of safety perceived in a particular place and one determined time. It is relatively unstable and subject to changes, depending on the characteristics of the current environment or predominant conditions. In Brazil, this is a subject not yet studied, but it demonstrates its relevance due the numbers of industrial accidents and its financial, organizational and personal consequences, each time more preoccupying in our reality. The sample of the study was the 334 workers of the industrial area of an alcohol and sugar plant in the region of Ribeirão Preto. The present study was characterized as descriptive and quantitative, with the data-collection method, using the 44 questions of the questionnaire. The purpose was to realize the construct and criterion validation of the measure scale, and can relate the organizational safety climate with the rates of occupational accident. It will expect to relate the organizational safety climate in the work environment with the rates of occupational accidents, what can lead to improvements of safety programs. At the end, it is concluded that the scale is valid but needs adjustments to be applied to the Brazilian reality, and showed no significant correlations in validating predictive. The analysis of the factors of test showed that variables such as section and time of work may have relationship with safety climate and with the rates of accidents. Anyway, the study sought to provide the analysis of a tool for managing the security environment organization.

No description available.