Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1962.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1961.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1966.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 46 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-33).

Background: Considering increased global challenges and societal issues, more and more people are directing skepticism towards governments' and established businesses' abilities to fully address urgent social problems. Social entrepreneurship constitutes a new entrepreneurial movement where societal issues are addressed by a combination of market-based methods and social value creation. Social entrepreneurship generates social and sustainable benefits to society and has thus received growing attention from both researchers and policy makers around the world. Social enterprises may take on varies forms, ranging from non-profit organizations to commercially driven enterprises. To focus on sustainable business models, this thesis has delimited the study to solely focus on for-profit or hybrid organizations.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe what inhibiting factors Swedish social enterprises face in scaling processes. Scaling refers to the magnitude a social business maximizes its social impact, primarily, but not limited to, through organizational growth. Furthermore, the thesis aims at explaining how social forces co-shape preconditions and actor decisions connected to scaling.     Method: To fulfil the purpose of the study, a qualitative research methodology was used. The empirical data was primarily collected through semi-structured interviews held with founders, COO’s and CEO’s from seven social enterprises in Sweden. To fully explain inhibiting factors of scaling, an abductive research approach was used with a combination of open and encouraging questions to promote discussion and develop theory.   Conclusion: The empirical findings of the study revealed a total of 14 inhibiting factors for scaling social impact in Sweden. From the findings, a development of existent theory resulted in a model illustrating the relationship between inhibiting factors, social forces and scaling social impact.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-22T18:13:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 williamdasilvapedretti.pdf: 1030447 bytes, checksum: aee304fa3b25d381a6cc4ad1fe2fd1e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T14:12:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 williamdasilvapedretti.pdf: 1030447 bytes, checksum: aee304fa3b25d381a6cc4ad1fe2fd1e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 williamdasilvapedretti.pdf: 1030447 bytes, checksum: aee304fa3b25d381a6cc4ad1fe2fd1e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Desde o trabalho de Pomeau e Maneville [27] o estudo de intermitência vem ocorrendo cada vez mais ao longo dos anos. Gaspard e Wang [17] introduziram uma função geradora de sequências de renovação decorrentes da distribuição de tempos de retorno, e a partir disto vários trabalhos vêm sendo desenvolvidos nesse ambiente, devido às ricas propriedades que possuem. Neste trabalho estaremos interessados em obter uma estimativa polinomial exata para o comportamento assintótico da taxa de mixing quando a medida invariante é nita e da taxa de scaling quando a medida é in nita, ambos casos abordados por Isola [20]. Para isto analisaremos o comportamento assintótico dos coe cientes da série de Taylor obtidos da função geradora da sequência de renovação. Esta série de ne uma função holomorfa no disco aberto unitário que converge em todo ponto exceto para z = 1, onde possui uma singularidade não-polar. / Since the work of Pomeau and Maneville [27] the study of intermittency has been happening increasingly over the years. Gaspard and Wang [17] introduced a generating function of renewal sequences arising from the distribution of return times, and from this several studies have been developed in this environment due to the rich properties they have. In this work we are interested to obtain an exact polynomial estimate for the asymptotic behavior of the mixing rate when the invariant measure is nite and of the scaling rate when the measure is in nite, both cases addressed by Isola [20]. For this we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the coe cients of the Taylor series obtained from the generating function of the renewal sequence. This series de nes a holomorphic function in the unit open disk and it converges at every point except for z = 1 where it has a non-polar singularity.

Ziel dieser Studie war es, die längerfristige Auswirkung der Taschenspül-lösungen 0,9% NaCl (n=18), 0,12% Chlorhexidindigluconat (n=17) und Povidon-Jod (n=16) auf klinische und mikrobiologische Variablen bei 51 Patienten mit generalisierter moderater chronischer Parodontitis während des full mouth SRP zu untersuchen. Die subgingivale Irrigation der behandelten parodontalen Taschen wurde randomisiert durchgeführt. Vor SRP, nach 3 und nach 12 Monaten erfolgte die klinische Diagnostik (PD, BOP, AL) mittels 6-Punktmessung. Subgingivaler Biofilm wurde an vier Zähnen mit einer Sondierungstiefe von 4-6 mm zur quantitativen mikrobiologischen real time PCR-Analyse von Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia und Treponema denticola entnommen. PD nahm in allen Gruppen signifikant ab (p<0,001–p=0,002), CHX wirkte dabei nach 3 Monaten signifikant besser als NaCl (p=0,041). AL war in allen Gruppen nach 3 Monaten signifikant verbessert, nach 12 Monaten nur in der CHX- und Povidon-Jod-Gruppe (p<0,001–p=0,044) ohne Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. BOP war bei allen signifikant verringert (p<0,001–p=0,002) ohne Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Die Gesamtkeimzahl von A.a. (p=0,045) und von P.g. (p=0,002) war nach 12 Monaten und von T.f. nach 3 (p=0,021) und zwischen 3 und 12 Monaten (p=0,011) für Povidon-Jod signifikant reduziert. Für P.g. wurde eine signifikante Reduktion der positiven Proben in der Povidon-Jod-Gruppe nach 3 (p=0,017) und nach 12 Monaten (p=0,001) festgestellt. Bei T.d. lag keine signifikante Veränderung vor. Signifikante Unterschiede lagen zur Baseline-Untersuchung bei A.a. zwischen der CHX- und der Povidon-Jod-Gruppe (p=0,038) und bei P.g. zwischen der Povidon-Jod- und der CHX- bzw. NaCl-Gruppe vor (p<0,001), dies ließ sich im weiteren Verlauf nicht verfolgen. Die angewandte Therapie hat, unabhängig von der Spüllösung, klinisch zum Erfolg geführt. Bei Betrachtung der Wirksamkeit gegen die parodontopathogenen Bakterien A.a., P.g. und T.f. scheint Povidon-Jod überlegen zu sein, jedoch nur bei Betrachtung der Unterschiede innerhalb der Gruppen, nicht bei deren Vergleich.

In this dissertation, the critical scaling behavior of magnetic Ising models with long range interactions is studied. These long range interactions, when imposed in addition to interactions on a regular lattice, lead to small-world graphs. By using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, together with finite-size scaling, the critical behavior of a number of different models is obtained. The Ising models studied in this dissertation include the z-model introduced by Scalettar, standard small-world bonds superimposed on a square lattice, and physical small-world bonds superimposed on a square lattice. From the scaling results of the Binder 4th order cumulant, the order parameter, and the susceptibility, the long-range interaction is found to drive the systems behavior from Ising-like to mean field, and drive the critical point to a higher temperature. It is concluded that with a large amount of strong long-range connections (compared to the interactions on regular lattices), so the long-range connection density is non-vanishing, systems have mean field behavior. With a weak interaction that vanishes for an infinite system size or for vanishing density of long-range connections the systems have Ising-like critical behavior. The crossover from Ising-like to meanield behavior due to weak long-range interactions for systems with a large amount of long-range connections is also discussed. These results provide further evidence to support the existence of physical (quasi-) small-world nanomaterials.