This diploma thesis examines the impact and consequences of the implementation of deferred tuition in the Czech Republic on an quality and a system of financing of universities. The aim is to determine the real impact of tuition fees on improving the quality of university education and make recommendations for an implementation or a rejection of this form of financial participation. The first part of my thesis contains theoretical views on education and its role in the modern economy, it defines the term "education" as a kind of an economic good and describes the current system of university education in the Czech Republic. The empirical research will be comparing the current situation of university education system in the Czech Republic with the situation in the EU and OECD countries. The analysis will be based on statistical data on the number of people with university education, the volume of investment into this kind of education, the ratio of public and private funding system, the number of students enrolling on universities, total expenditures per student, applying of university student and other labor market indicators. Based on this comparison,the strengths and the weaknesses of the Czech university education will be established and its trend in the last 5 years. Within the scope of a planned introduction of direct financial participation of university students, the principle of deferred tuition will be considered as a potential tool not only to increase private funding in the system, but also to achieve a better standards of university education. The possible effects of the introduction of tuition fees in the country will be estimated based on the experience with the implementation of this system abroad (UK and Australia) and meta-analysis of expert opinion on financing university education system. The conclusion of the thesis includes a summary of the extent to which the inflow of private funds into the system changes the strengths and weaknesses of the university education in the Czech Republic and making recommendations for its implementation.

Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres indépendants sur les enfants de migrants restés au village en Chine, ainsi que sur les personnes âgées vivant seules en Thaïlande et au Vietnam. Le premier chapitre traite de la manière dont les frais de scolarité dans les zones urbaines affectent la migration des enfants en Chine. Nos résultats suggèrent que des frais plus élevés empêchent les travailleurs migrants d’amener leurs enfants avec eux dans les zones urbaines. Nous trouvons également que les travailleurs migrants dans la situation la plus précaire sont les plus touchés par une augmentation des frais de scolarité. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les répercussions de la migration interne des enfants adultes et de leurs envois de fonds sur l'offre de main-d'œuvre de leurs parents restés en zone rurale au Vietnam. Les résultats montrent que les mères ont tendance à travailler plus si elles ont des enfants migrants, mais à travailler moins lorsqu'elles reçoivent des fonds de leur part. À l'inverse, les pères sont moins touchés par la migration de leurs enfants et par leurs envois de fonds. Le troisième article examine l’impact de la retraite universelle introduite en Thaïlande en 2009 sur le bien-être et l'offre de main-d'œuvre de ses bénéficiaires et de leurs conjoints. Les résultats empiriques montrent que ce régime de retraite ne génère pas d'impact significatif sur la pauvreté ou les dépenses des ménages, mais recevoir une retraite a un impact négatif important sur la participation des bénéficiaires au marché du travail. De plus, les hommes comme les femmes réagissent à la perception d’une retraite par leur conjoint en quittant leur emploi et en restant inactifs. / This dissertation consists of three independent papers on the left-behind children in China and the left-behind elderly in Thailand and Vietnam. The first paper addresses how school fees in urban areas affect child migration in China. Our findings suggest that higher fees deter migrant workers from bringing their children to urban areas, and more vulnerable migrant workers are most affected by an increase in school fees. The second paper investigates the impacts of adult children’s internal migration and remittances on the labor supply responses of the rural left-behind parents in Vietnam. The results show that mothers tend to work more if they have migrant children, and they tend to work less when they receive remittances from their migrant children. Conversely, fathers tend to be less affected by child migration and their remittances. The third paper examines the impacts of the universal social pension introduced in Thailand in 2009 on the well-being and the labor supply responses of the recipients and their spouses. The empirical results show that the social pension scheme does not generate significant impacts on household poverty status or expenditures, but receiving social pensions has a significant negative impact on beneficiaries' own labor market participation. Further, both men and women are found to respond to their spouses' pensions by leaving their jobs and staying inactive.