Ohälsosamma levnadsvanor bland barn och ungdomar är ett folkhälsoproblem. Ett av skolhälsovårdens uppdrag är att verka för sunda levnadsvanor hos eleverna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka skolhälsopersonalens upplevelser av att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos skolbarn i 6-10 års ålder vid kommunala grundskolor i Västerås Stad. En kvalitativ studiedesign valdes för att uppnå syftet. Datainsamlingen skedde genom sex individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolhälsovårdens personal och en manifest innehållsanalys tillämpades för att analysera insamlad data. Resultatet visade att samverkan mellan olika aktörer mot ett gemensamt mål samt en individbaserat arbetsmetod ansågs vara centrala förutsättningar för skolhälsopersonalen för att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos elever. Ojämlik resursfördelning, brist på kompetens hos skolsköterskor samt brist på effektiva evidensbaserade arbetsstrategier identifierades som utmaningar för att uppfylla målet. I resultatet framkom även att skolhälsopersonalen upplever sin roll både som vägledande och stödjande för beteendeförändringar mot sunda levnadsvanor. Studien visade dock att dessa roller behövde förstärkas. Det behövs mer forskning för att utveckla evidensbaserad kunskap och ett evidensbaserat ramverk för att bemöta de upplevda utmaningarna inom skolhälsovårdens hälsofrämjande arbete för att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos elever. / Unhealthy lifestyles are increasing among children and this has been identified as a public health problem. School is a key setting for promoting healthy lifestyles. The school health services have an ambition to promote healthy lifestyles among pupils. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of school healthcare staff of promoting healthy lifestyles among school children 6-10 years old at the municipal primary schools in the city of Västerås. A qualitative study design was chosen and data collection took place through six individual semi-structured interviews with school healthcare staff. A content analysis was applied to analyze the collected data. The study showed that collaboration between various stakeholders towards a common goal as well as a person-centered approach were considered as main facilitators for the school healthcare staff to promote healthy lifestyles. Unequal distribution of resources, lack of knowledge and skills among school nurses and lack of practical evidence-based working strategies were considered as challenges for the school healthcare staff to promote healthy lifestyles. This study proved to be a guiding as well as a supporting role for the school healthcare staff in health behaviour changes in pupils and their families. This study, however, showed that these roles needed to be strengthened. More research is required to improve evidence-based knowledge and to develop an evidence-based framework to address the perceived challenges in school healthcare efforts towards promoting healthy lifestyles among pupils.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-18T14:10:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Oliveira Pinto.pdf: 2010164 bytes, checksum: 58b83bfed3e886b2e65c252ebb576127 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-18T14:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Oliveira Pinto.pdf: 2010164 bytes, checksum: 58b83bfed3e886b2e65c252ebb576127 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Nenhuma / Atualmente o uso de substâncias psicoativas representa um grande desafio em saúde pública e a precocidade deste contato, principalmente entre crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar vem ganhando destaque, demonstrando a necessidade de políticas públicas preventivas que incluam esta população. Programas de prevenção neste sentido tem maior efetividade quando se constituem com múltiplas abordagens, integrando instituições e vários setores da sociedade. A partir de meados da década de 90, a promoção de saúde no ambiente escolar passou a ser pautada no cenário mundial como uma iniciativa fundamental para desenvolver e propiciar espaços escolares mais saudáveis de uma forma abrangente. A proposta inicial do estudo foi investigar a relação entre as diferentes condições promotoras de saúde, relacionadas à estrutura, recursos e ações apresentadas por escolas de dois municípios de médio porte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e o uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os escolares a elas vinculados. Em função da inexistência de instrumento validado para análise do ambiente escolar no Brasil e dos limites inerentes ao percurso de mestrado, optou-se primeiramente pelo desenvolvimento e validação do instrumento para avaliar as iniciativas de promoção de saúde nas escolas. O objetivo de investigar a relação entre esta variável e os comportamentos relacionados ao uso de substâncias será contemplado numa segunda etapa do estudo. Foram cumpridas aqui as seguintes etapas: revisão da literatura e leitura de documentos nacionais, internacionais e guias norteadores da temática em questão, incluindo o Programa Saúde na Escola; elaboração de um instrumento, chegando-se a 60 itens embasados na literatura revisada; validação de conteúdo dos itens pela técnica Delphi, com apoio de cinco especialistas de nível regional e nacional na área da promoção da saúde escolar; aplicação do instrumento em 53 escolas municipais, estaduais e particulares, nos municípios de Sapiranga e Lajeado, no interior do estado do RS; validação do instrumento através de análises de confiabilidade e de componentes principais. As dimensões resultantes destas análises englobaram aspectos pedagógicos, estruturais e relacionais evidentes no ambiente escolar, por observação direta ou por informação do gestor escolar. Os dados relativos a este estudo serão submetidos à publicação em artigo denominado Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento de avaliação de promoção de saúde na escola. / In recent times psychoactive drugs have been posing an important challenge to public healthcare. The early age of the first contact with them, mainly among school age children and adolescents, highlights the need of preventive policies directed to this population. Prevention programs in this area are more effective when comprised of multiple approaches, integrating institutions and diverse segments of society. Since the mid 1990s, health promotion in school environment worldwide has been guided by a fundamental effort to develop and enable healthier school environments in a very broad sense. This study aimed firstly to investigate the relationship among different conditions that promote health related to structure, resources and actions, found in schools in two medium-sized municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the use of psychoactive substances among students. In face of the absence of a validated instrument for assessing school environment in Brazil and the limitations inherent to a master’s thesis, the development and validation of an instrument to assess health promotion initiatives in schools was chosen as the focus of this study. A further stage of the study will contemplate the relationship between this variable and the behaviors associated to the use of psychoactive drugs. In this thesis the following phases were covered: literature review and reading of national and international documents and guides relevant to the subject studied, including the “Programa Saúde na Escola”; formulation of an instrument with 60 items based on the results obtained in the first phase; validation of the items’ content according to the Delphi technique, supported by five regional and national specialists in school health promotion; application of the instrument in 53 schools, both public and private, in the municipalities of Sapiranga and Lajeado, both located in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; validation of the instrument through reliability and principal components analyses. The dimensions resulting from these analyses included educational, structural, and relational aspects within school environment, either by direct observation or information provided by school managers. Data related to this study will be submitted to publication in an article named “Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento de avaliação de promoção de saúde na escola” (Development and validation of an instrument for the assessment of health promotion in school environment).