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The new urbanism and new ruralism frameworks as potential tools for sustainable rural development in South AfricaLouw, Michael Paul 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable rural development is currently one of the priority items for the South
African government. Agricultural advancement, high rates of unemployment,
widespread poverty, a lack of access to employment opportunities, transport,
education and other services, skewed land ownership patterns that are partly due to
Apartheid policies, a lack of access to land and numerous social and health‐related
issues are just some of the problems that rural communities are currently faced with.
This study focuses mainly on the spatial planning aspects of rural development and it
explores the possibilities of adaptating strategies from the New Urbanism and New
Ruralism movements, together with a number of tools typically associated with
sustainable rural development, for use in the South African context.
Through the study of available literature on the subject, personal interviews and
practical experience, a range of strategies have been investigated and a selected
number have been identified that may be applicable to the local context. A number
of case studies are assessed, which include a new model being implemented at
Crossways Farm Village in the Eastern Cape which combines elements from the
above‐mentioned approaches. From some of the results achieved to date it seems
that the implementation of these particular spatial planning models, combined with
models like the biosphere concept that focuses on biodiversity, together with a
range of additional socio‐economic strategies, may contribute to the promotion of
sustainable rural development in South Africa. It is hoped that this study shows the
potential and challenges of these spatial planning models as a tool for sustainable
rural development, and that it may lead to further study on the subject. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling is tans een van die prioriteitsitems vir die Suid‐
Afrikaanse regering. Landboukundige vooruitgang, hoë vlakke van werkloosheid, wyd
verspreide armoede, ‘n tekort aan toegang tot werksgeleenthede, vervoer,
onderwys en ander dienste, verwronge patrone van grondbesit wat deels toegeskryf
kan word aan Apartheidsbeleide, ‘n tekort aan toegang tot grond en talle sosiale‐ en
gesondheidskwessies is net ‘n paar van die probleme waarmee landelike
gemeenskappe tans gekonfronteer is. Hierdie studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die
ruimtelike beplanningsaspekte van landelike ontwikkeling en dit ondersoek die
moontlikhede om strategië van die New Urbanism en New Ruralism bewegings,
tesame met ‘n aantal werktuie wat tipies met volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling
geassosieër word, te gebruik in die Suid‐Afrikaanse konteks.
Deur die studie van die beskikbare literatuur oor die onderwerp, persoonlike
onderhoude en praktiese ondervinding, word ‘n reeks strategië ondersoek en ‘n
uitgekose aantal word geidentifiseer wat moontlik van toepassing kan wees op die
plaaslike konteks. Daar word verwys na ‘n aantal gevallestudies, wat ook ‘n nuwe
model insluit wat tans op Crossways Farm Village in die Oos‐Kaap geimplementeer
word, wat elemente van die bogenoemde benaderings kombineer. Van sommige van
die resultate wat tot op hede verkry is, blyk dit dat die implementering van hierdie
spesifieke ruimtelike beplanningsmodelle, gekombineer met modelle soos die
biosfeer konsep wat fokus op biodiversiteit, tesame met ‘n reeks addisionele sosioekonomiese
strategië, moontlik mag bydra tot die bevordering van volhoubare
landelike ontwikkeling in Suid‐Afrika. Daar word gehoop dat hierdie studie die
potensiaal en die uitdagings wys van hierdie ruimtelike beplanningsmodelle as ‘n
werktuig vir volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling en dat dit mag lei tot verdere studie
oor die onderwerp.
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The retention of scarce skills : the case of City of Cape Town Municipality - an analysisLepheana , Nothemba Griselds 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The scarce skills phenomenon has become a cause for concern and priority for both public and private sectors as discussed in various research studies. Both these sectors have a quest to retain these scarce skills by making use of their limited resources.
In the light of the above context, this study focuses on the analysis of the retention of scarce skills within the City of Cape Town Municipality, with the primary objective of ascertaining the effectiveness of its retention strategy on retaining civil engineers. For purposes of this research, a case study design was used to answer the study question. The sample consisted of 30 percent of the present and past civil engineers, from junior to senior levels. This sample also included employees from the human resource department of the municipality. Content analysis was used to analyse data which was gathered through focus groups, exit and personal interviews.
The literature investigation explored reasons why employees were leaving their organisations. The study further traced various thoughts and debates related to challenges and strategies associated with scarce skills retention. From the literature review it became evident that although the retention approaches and strategies vary from one organisation to another, they share common traits. However there is no one cap fits all.
Results indicate that the majority of respondents expressed satisfaction about all pre-determined themes of the study. These themes were based on aspects related to remuneration and benefits, job satisfaction and working conditions, climate and culture, leadership and career development. Areas of dissatisfaction were raised under common themes which emerged during the study. These themes included, amongst others, outsourcing of major projects, bureaucracy, political environment and human resource policies and procedures.
Based on the findings of the study, the research concludes with recommendations applicable to the municipality and also provides those relevant for further study. Due to the technical composition of the sample, the results of the study cannot be inferred to all occupational groups within the organisation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die skaarsheid van vaardighede het „n kommerwekkende verskynsel geword vir private en publieke sektore. Dit is die taak van albei sektore om skaars vaardighede te behou, deur gebruik te maak van hul beperkte bronne.
In die lig van bostaande stellings, fokus hierdie studie op die analise van skaars vaardighede binne die Kaapstadse Munisipaliteit, met die primêre doel om die effektiwiteit van sy behoudstrategie vir die behoud van siviele ingenieurs te bepaal. „n Gevallestudie-ontwerp was gebruik vir hierdie ondersoek, om die studievraagstuk te beantwoord. Die ondersoekgroep het bestaan uit „n samestelling van 30 persent van huidige en voormalige siviele ingenieurs, vanaf junior tot senior vlakke. Die ondersoekgroep het ook werkers binne die departement van personeelbestuur in die munisipaliteit ingesluit. Inhoudsanalise was gebruik om data te analiseer wat deur fokusgroepe, uitgang en persoonlike onderhoude ingesamel is.
Die literêre ondersoek het die redes waarom werkers hul organisasies verlaat, verken. Die studie weerspieël verder denke wat verband hou met die uitdagings en strategieë wat met die behoud van skaars vaardighede geassosieer word. Die literêre ondersoek het bewys dat behoudstrategieë onderling eienskappe deel, alhoewel die strategieë van een organisasie van diè van „n ander in geheel verskil. Daar is egter geen jas wat by almal pas nie.
Resultate toon dat die meerderheid van respondente tevredenheid toon met alle voorafbepaalde studietemas. Hierdie temas is gebaseer op aspekte wat verband hou met besoldiging en voordele, werktevredenheid en werksomstandighede, klimaat en kultuur, leierskap en beroepsontwikkeling. Areas van ontevredenheid is geïdentifiseer onder algemene temas wat tydens die studie opgekom het. Hierdie temas sluit in, onder andere, eksterne bronontginning vir groot projekte, burokrasie, politieke konteks, asook beleid en prosedures van menslike hulpbronne. Ter afsluiting: voorstelle word gemaak wat gebaseer is op die resultate van die ondersoek, wat van toepassing is op die munisipaliteit en voorsien dit wat relevant is vir verdere studie. Die resultate van die ondersoek kan nie op alle werksgroepe binne die organisasie van toepassing wees nie, weens die tegniese samestalling van die ondersoekgroep.
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Evaluation of the youth development programme at Swartland MunicipalitySogwagwa, Manelisi 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
Swartland Municipality is situated in the West Coast of the Western Cape Province
as one of the thirty municipalities in the province. Swartland Municipality, like other
municipalities, is faced with socio-economic challenges such as crime,
unemployment and low levels of education. although the unemployment rate is not so
high when compared with some of the municipalities in the province, Swartland
amongst other challenges is faced with the problem of access to tertiary education.
As a result the agricultural sector dominates as the main economic activity.
As part of the effort to address some of its socio-economic challenges, Swartland
Municipality’s Youth Development programme was established in partnership with
Umsobomvu Youth Fund and named Youth Advisory Centre (YAC). It was
established mainly to uplift the living conditions of youth in Swartland by assisting
them with career guidance advice, CV writing, and to start own businesses. To
achieve this two officials were employed, one as Career Guidance Advisor, and the
other one as an Outreach Officer. These two officials had the same duties but the
Outreach Officer was appointed mainly to bring services to Swartland areas which
are far from where the Youth Advisory Centre is located.
However, to ensure that the programme achieves its goals, programme evaluation
has to be carried out. Programme evaluation assists in determining the programme’s
shortcomings and the areas that need improvement. In this study programme
evaluation has been carried out to determine if what is planned gets implemented,
and the extent to which programme plans are achieved. In doing so, the researcher
used the YAC’s plans, reports, Swartland Municipality annual reports and held semistructured
interviews with two senior officials of Swartland Municipality who are
involved in the YAC and with the two appointed YAC officials mentioned above.
These data collection instruments provided the researcher with the information on
what the YAC planned and what it achieved from July 2006 to April 2009. The
researcher analysed this data and found that not all YAC plans and reports were
available and some contradictions existed in targets between YAC plans, the
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between Swartland Municipality and
Umsobomvu, and Swartland Municipality’s Annual reports. Despite these findings, it
was found that the YAC plans correspond with the YAC results reported; therefore
the YAC has been implementing its plans. Although the YAC did not meet all of its
targets, the difference between the planned outputs and achieve outputs was not big.
On the basis of these findings, the researcher recommended that there should be an
integrated planning process to set up YAC’s performance standards and the YAC
has to improve its performance in most of its key outputs, especially in supporting the
youth in business development and opportunities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Swartland Munisipaliteit is aan die Weskus van die Wes-Kaap Provinsie as een van
die dertig munisipaliteite in die provinsie. Soos ander munisipaliteite, staar Swartland
Munisipaliteit sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings soos misdaad, werkloosheid en lae
vlakke van opvoeding in die gesig. Swartland staar, onder andere, die uitdaging van
toegang tot tersiêre opvoeding in die gesig, alhoewel die werkloosheidsyfer nie so
hoog is as dit met dié van ander munisipaliteite in die provinsie vergelyk word nie.
Gebrek aan toegang tot tersiêre opvoeding veroorsaak dat die landbousektor
oorheers as die hoof ekonomiese aktiwiteit wat die meeste van die mense in die
Swartland gebied in diens neem.
Swartland munisipaliteit se Jeugontwikkelingsprogram is in samewerking met die
Umsobomvu Jeugfonds as deel van die inisiatief om van die sosio-ekonomiese
uitdagings aan te spreek gestig en die Jeug Raadgewende Sentrum (JRS) het tot
stand gekom. Dit is hoofsaaklike gestig om die lewensomstandighede van die jeug in
Swartland te verbeter deur hulle by te staan met loopbaanvoorligting, die skryf van
CV’s en om hul eie besighede op die been te bring. Twee beamptes is aangestel om
hierdie doelwit te bereik, een as Loopbaan Voorligting Raadgewer en die ander as
Uitreikbeampte. Hierdie twee beamptes het dieselfde pligte, maar die uitreikbeampte
is hoofsaaklik aangestel om dienste wat ver vanaf die Jeug Raadgewende Sentrum
geleë is, nader aan die Swartland areas te bring.
’n Evaluasie moet uitgevoer word om te verseker dat die program sy doelwitte bereik.
Programevaluering het ten doel om die program se tekortkominge en die areas vir
verbetering te bepaal. Programevaluasie is in hierdie studie uitgevoer om te bepaal
of dit wat beplan is, geïmplementeer word, en in watter mate die program planne
verwesenlik word. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van JRS planne, verslae en
Swartland Munisipaliteit se jaarverslae. Semi-gestruktureede onderhoude is met
twee senior beamptes van die Swartland Munisipaliteit wat by die JRS betrokke is,
en die bogenoemde aangestelde JRS beamptes gevoer.
Hierdie data insameling instrumente het aan die navorser die inligting gegee oor wat
die JRS beplan en wat dit vanaf July 2006 Tot April 2009 vermag het. Die navorser
het hierdie data ontleed en gevind dat nie alle JRS planne en verslae beskikbaar was
nie. Daar was ook teenstrydighede in doelwitte tussen JRS planne, die Oorenkoms
Memorandum tussen Swartland Munisipaliteit en Umsobomvu en Swartland
Munisipaliteit se Jaarverslae. Ten spyte van hierdie bevindings is daar bevind dat die JRS planne met die JRS resultate soos gerapporteer in die verslae ooreenstem, dus
het die JRS hul planne geïmplementeer. Die JRS het egter nie al die doelwitte bereik
nie, maar die verskil tussne die beplande en werklike uitsette was nie groot nie.
In die lig van hierdie bevindings stel die navorser voor dat daar geïntegreerde
beplanning moet wees om die JRS se prestasie standaarde op te trek, en die JRS
moet hul prestasie in die meeste van die sleutel uitsette verbeter, veral in die
ondersteuning van die jeug in besigheidsontwikkeling en geleenthede.
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Job evaluation in the provincial government of the Western CapeJohnson, Reginald George Johannes 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The democratisation of South Africa on 27 April 1994 marked the beginning of a new era
for South Africans in all spheres of society. The new democratic Government of the
Republic of South Africa faced numerous challenges, including the transformation of the
South African Public Service into a non-discriminatory organisation for both citizens and
employees. The pre-1994 South African Public Service functioned as a centralised driven
system that negatively discriminated against non-white employees in terms of financial
rewards resulting in salary differences between white and non-white employees. The
promulgation of the new legislative framework of deconcentration had resulted in the
centralised driven South African Public Service system becoming obsolete as it was
incompatible with the democratic Government’s vision. The transformation of the South
African Public Service was supported through legislation and various directives
simultaneously focusing on service delivery improvement as well as implementing new
internal systems to address discriminatory practices. The implementation of the EQUATE
job evaluation programme within the new legislative framework of deconcentration marked
the beginning of a new era of grading post in the Public Service. It had brought an end to
the unfair salary differentiation in the Public Service.
To render public services effectively and efficiently is a legislative requirement. Political
and administrative leaders are responsible for ensuring that both external and internal
services are rendered optimally through improvement interventions. In the Provincial
Government of the Western Cape (PGWC), the Department of the Premier renders a job
evaluation service to all provincial departments to ensure internal consistency in terms of
grading of posts. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current process of evaluating
posts in the PGWC and subsequently to formulate recommendations to improve the
process. The study concludes with a set of recommendations which include amongst
others the following:
• The devolvement of the job evaluation function to the provincial departments
enabling them to conduct their own departmental job evaluations.
• The creation of a Job Evaluation Unit in every provincial department. • That the proposed Process Model of evaluating posts in the provincial departments
be considered.
• It is the responsibility of the Directorate Organisation Development Interventions in
the Department of the Premier to co-ordinate the job evaluation process in the
Provincial Government of the Western Cape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die demokratisering van Suid-Afrika op 27 April 1994 was die begin van ‘n nuwe era vir
Suid-Afrikaners op alle vlakke van die samelewing. Die demokratiese Regering van die
Republiek van Suid-Afrika het verskeie probleme in die gesig gestaar wat onder andere
die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Staatsdiens ingesluit het. Die Staatsdiens moes
verander word na ‘n diens wat nie diskrimineer teen nie-blanke burgers of werknemers nie.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse Staatsdiens voor 1994 het gefunksioneer as ‘n gesentraliseerde
sisteem en het negatief gediskrimineer teen nie-blanke werknemers in terme van
besoldigingspakkette wat aanleiding gegee het tot verskille in besoldigingsvlakke. Die
promulgering van die nuwe regulatoriese raamwerk van dekonsentrasie het meegebring
dat die gesentraliseerde benadering in onbruik verval het, omdat dit teenstrydig was met
die visie van ‘n demokratiese Regering. Die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse
Staatsdiens is ondersteun deur verskeie wetgewing en mandate wat gefokus het op sowel
die verbetering van dienslewering aan burgers as die implementering van nuwe interne
sisteme om diskriminerende praktyke aan te spreek. Die implementering van die EQUATE
posevalueringsprogram binne die nuwe regulatoriese raamwerk van dekonsentrasie was
die begin van ‘n nuwe era van posgradering in die Staatsdiens. Dit het ‘n einde gebring
aan die onregverdige besoldigingsvlakke in die Staatsdiens.
Die lewering van doelmatige en doeltreffende openbare dienste is ‘n wetlike vereiste.
Politieke en administratiewe hoofde is daarvoor verantwoordelik om toe te sien dat alle
dienste, intern en ekstern, optimaal gelewer word deur gebruik te maak van verskeie
verbeteringsintervensies. Die Departement van die Premier in die Provinsiale Regering
van die Wes-Kaap (PRWK) is verantwoordelik vir die lewering van die
posevalueringsdiens aan alle provinsiale departemente ten einde konsekwentheid in terme
van posgradering te verseker. Die oogmerk van die studie is om die huidige
posevalueringsproses in die PRWK te evalueer om sodoende aanbevelings te doen om
die proses te verbeter. Die studie is saamgevat met aanbevelings wat onder andere die
volgende insluit:
• Die afwenteling van die posevalueringsfunksie na elke provinsiale departement;
sodat elke departement self verantwoordelik is vir departementele posevaluering.
• Die skepping van ‘n Posevaluering Eenheid binne elke provinsiale departement.
• Die voorgestelde Proses Model vir die evaluering van poste binne provinsiale
departemente oorweeg word.
• Die verantwoordelikheid van die Direktoraat Organisasie Ontwikkeling Intervensies
in die Departement van die Premier vir die koördinering van die
posevalueringsproses binne die Provinsiale Regering van die Wes-Kaap.
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An assessment of the effectiveness of primary health care services in addressing HIV/AIDS by providing anti-retroviral treatment : the case of Du Noon clinic in the Western health sub-district of the city of Cape TownSifanelo, Gloria Monica 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The accessibility of anti-retroviral drugs to patients and families affected by HIV and
AIDS, and the affordability of these drugs, have been challenges to the Du Noon
community in the Cape Peninsula. The aim of the study was to assess the
effectiveness of primary health care services in addressing HIV/AIDS in the light of
these challenges.
The focus was on patients registered on the ARV programme and who were
receiving treatment at Du Noon Clinic. Interviews were conducted with 15 groups of
10 patients each using a patient questionnaire. During these interviews qualitative
and quantitative data were gathered and secondary data was used for quantitative
analysis. The results that the data analysis yielded are in keeping with the
hypothesis that the HIV/AIDS programme is effective in meeting the needs of the
HIV/AIDS patients of Du Noon.
After content analysis of qualitative data, two themes related to patient satisfaction
emerged: positive and negative feelings that were categorised as satisfied and not
satisfied with the service. Most often noted was the feeling of satisfaction with the
services rendered at the clinic and that the staff were helpful. The staff rendering the
service were also satisfied with the kind of service offered to the patients, but were
dissatisfied with the allocation of resources. An increase in enrolment figures of
patients was noted in the statistical analysis for the period 2004-2008 with 1,018
patients registered. The statistics illustrate the linear tendency in the enrolment of
patients, which indicated the accessibility and affordability of the service. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geredelike toegang tot en die bekostigbaarheid van anti-retrivorale middels (ARM’s)
vir pasiënte en families wat deur MIV en VIGS aangetas is, is ‘n uitdaging vir die Du
Noon-gemeenskap in die Kaapse Skiereiland. Die doel van die studie was om die
doeltreffendheid van primêre gesondheidsorgdienste te bepaal wanneer MIV/VIGS
aangespreek word.
Die fokus is op geregistreerde pasiënte wat die ARM-program volg en behandeling
by die Du Noon Kliniek ontvang. Met behulp van ‘n pasiëntevraelys was onderhoude
met 15 groepe van 10 pasiënte elk gevoer. Tydens hierdie onderhoude is
kwalitatiewe data versamel en vir kwantitatiewe analise was sekondêre data
aangewend. Die resultate wat uit die data analise verkry was, strook met die
hipotese dat die MIV/VIGS-program doeltreffend is om die behoeftes van die
pasiënte en die gemeenskap van Du Noon aan te spreek.
Nadat ‘n inhoudsanalise van die kwalitatiewe data onderneem was, het twee temas
rakende positiewe en negatiewe gevoelens – gekategoriseer as tevrede en nie
tevrede nie – ten opsigte van die gelewerde diens na vore getree. Veral die gevoel
van tevredenheid teenoor die diens gelewer by die kliniek en die personeel as
behulpsaam, is opgemerk. Die personeel wat die diens lewer, was ook tevrede met
die diens wat aan die pasiënte gelewer word, maar was ontevrede oor die
toekenning van hulpbronne. By die statistiese analise is ‘n toename in die
inskrywingsgetalle deur pasiënte waargeneem. Toename in inskrywingsgetalle deur
pasiënte is gemerk in statistiese analise van 2004 - 2008, met 1,018 pasiënte
geregistreer. Die statistiek het die lineêre tendens toegelig ten aansien van die
inskrywing van pasiënte wat die toeganklikheid en bekostigbaarheid van die diens
uitbeeld.
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The role of a resource centre in the empowerment of community based organisations in Cape Town's townshipsZeus, Marion 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to assess the needs for a Resource Centre (RC) run by
Community Connections (CC), a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) based in
Philippi, Cape Town. The overall objective of the RC is the empowerment of
Community Based Organisations (CBOs). Community Connections’ mission is to
support community development in South Africa by building the capacity of CBOs to
initiate, manage and sustain local empowerment and self help initiatives.
Research paradigms for the study were critical theory with its aim of emancipation
and an approach that favours transformative action, as well as postmodernism with its
appreciation of local contextualised knowledge and value based action. The research
problem was addressed through action research and a case study approach. The
researcher did an internship at CC between March and November 2008. During this
period data was collected through participant observation as well as interviews,
namely thirteen semi-structured interviews with CBOs and four additional interviews
with practitioners of the NGO and external stakeholders.
The study was motivated by an approach to development that aims at transformation
to increase social justice and the strengthening of vulnerable and marginalised groups.
The transformative potential of development is discussed through an analysis of
related concepts such as social capital, participation and empowerment. It was found
that discourses and social practices can shape the way people participate and that the
environment also influences participation through the availability of space for
participation and debate. Empowerment needs the critical consciousness of people
and takes place when the inequality in power relations is addressed. Development
therefore needs to be people centred, value meaningful participation and aim at
inverting existing imbalances in access to assets and resources in society. The review
evaluates suggestions for civil society practice that supports a transformative, learning
and partnership based approach to development.
To address the research question of how an NGO Resource Centre can most
effectively contribute to creating empowering linkages between CBOs and other
stakeholders, their external relationships were assessed. Relevant stakeholders include
CBO funders, NGOs and government departments and institutions. The findings of
the research describe those relationships with a focus on the imbalances in power and
how they manifest themselves in practice. The relationship between CBOs and
Community Connections was assessed as well as the relevance of specific services
that the RC would provide.
The recommendations focus on how the RC can support the strengthening of CBOs in
their specific environment, and how they can be enabled to act upon their
environment through access to relevant information, knowledge and capacities.
Specific recommendations for the RC focus on the learning in Community
Connections through the integration of services, making the NGO more accessible for
CBOs through the constant availability of certain services, and further research that
can strengthen the work of Community Connections and the empowerment of CBOs. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om ondersoek in te stel na die vereistes en behoeftes
van ʼn Hulpmiddel Sentrum (HS), bedryf deur Community Connections (CC), ʼn nieregeringsorganisasie
(NRO) gebaseer in Philippi, Kaapstad. Die oorkoepelende
doelwit van die HS is die bemagtiging van gemeenskapsgebaseerde organisasies
(GGO‘s). Community Connections se missie is om gemeenskapsontwikkeling in Suid
Afrika te ondersteun deur die uitbouing van die vermoë van GGO‘s om plaaslike
bemagtiging en self-help inisiatiewe te inisieer, te bestuur en te onderhou.
Die navorsingsparadigmas vir die studie was kritiese teorieë met hulle kenmerkende
klem op emansipasie en ʼn benadering wat voorkeur gee aan transformatiewe aksie,
asook postmodernisme, met waardasie van plaaslik-gekontekstualiseerde kennis en
waardegedrewe aksie. Die navorsingprobleem is aangespreek deur aksie-navorsing en
ʼn gevalle studie-benadering. Die outeur het ʼn internskap by Community Connections
deurloop vanaf Maart tot November 2008. Gedurende hierdie tydperk is data bekom
deur deelnemende waarneming asook onderhoude, naamlik dertien semigestruktureerde
onderhoude met GGO‘s en vier addisionele onderhoude met
praktisyns van die NRO‘s en ander eksterne belanghebbendes.
Die studie is gemotiveer deur ʼn benadering tot ontwikkeling wat gerig is op
transformasie ten einde sosiale geregtigheid te bevorder en kwesbare en
gemarginaliseerde groepe te versterk. Die transformatiewe potensiaal van
ontwikkeling word bespreek deur ʼn analise van verwante konsepte soos sosiale
kapitaal, deelname en bemagtiging. Daar is bevind dat diskoerse en sosiale praktyke
deelname kan beïnvloed en ook dat die omgewing ʼn impak uitoefen op deelname as
gevolg van die beskikbaarheid van ruimte vir deelname en debat. Bemagtiging vra vir
ʼn kritiese bewussyn by gemeenskappe en vind plaas wanneer die ongelykheid van
magsverhoudings aangespreek word. Ontwikkeling moet dus
gemeenskapsgesentreerd wees, erkenning gee aan betekenisvolle deelname en daarop
gemik wees om die wanbalans in die toegang tot bates en hulpbronne om te keer. Die
studie evalueer voorstelle vir gemeenskapsgebruike wat ʼn transformatiewe,
kundigheidsvormende en vennootskapsgedrewe benadering tot ontwikkeling
ondersteun.
In ʼn poging om die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord van hoe ʼn NRO hulpmiddel
sentrum optimaal kan bydra tot die daarstelling van brûe tussen GGO‘s en ander
belanghebbendes, is hulle eksterne verhoudings geëvalueer. Relevante
belanghebbendes sluit GGO-befondsers, NRO‘s en regerings-departemente en
instellings in. Die bevindinge van die navorsing beskryf hierdie verhoudings en fokus
op die magsongelykhede en hoe hulle in die praktyk beleef word. Die verhoudings
tussen GGO‘s en Community Connections is ondersoek asook die toepaslikheid van
spesifieke dienste wat die HS sou voorsien.
Die aanbevelings fokus op hoe die HS kan bydra tot die versterking van GGO‘s in
hulle spesifieke omgewing en op watter wyses hulle bemagtig kan word om ʼn invloed
op hulle omgewing te hê deur die toegang tot relevante inligting, kennis en
vaardighede. Spesifieke aanbevelings t.o.v. die HS fokus op die opleiding van CC
deur die integrasie van dienste, ʼn poging om NRO‘s meer toeganklik te maak vir GGO‘s deur die konstante beskikbaarheid van sekere dienste en verdere navorsing
wat die werksaamhede van Community Connections kan versterk en die GGO‘s kan
bemagtig.
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Adopting the Public Accounts Committee Model for financial oversight in South African municipalities - a case study of the Public Accounts Committee in the City of Cape TownBotes, Cobus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / Since its inception in 1861 when the first public accounts committee was established in the United Kingdom, this oversight mechanism has developed into a model for non-executive financial oversight and accountability at the national and provincial levels of government throughout the Commonwealth and beyond.
A few municipalities in South Africa have also established public accounts committees, but they are a few isolated cases. The hesitance on the part of South African municipalities to establish a good governance mechanism with a proven track record is a cause of concern, especially in view of the poor financial management that prevails throughout the local sphere of government.
In this case study of the public accounts committee established in the City of Cape Town in 2006, the researcher explores the feasibility of the implementation of the public accounts committee model within the local government sphere in South Africa. Twenty internationally recognised public accounts committee practices were identified and used to probe the selected case to gain in-depth knowledge of the extent to which the committee adheres to these recognised practices. Where the committee deviated from accepted practices, the reasons for the deviation and its impact on the effectiveness of the committee were analysed. Finally, the key lessons learnt from the experience of the public accounts committee in the City of Cape Town are used in order to make two sets of recommendations: Firstly, recommendations on how the public accounts committee of the City of Cape Town can become more effective than it currently is – recommendations which are also relevant to any municipality wishing to establish a public accounts committee. The second set of recommendations is addressed to the national authorities in charge of finance and local government, as the challenge of establishing improved governance systems in local government is of national importance, and it is within the power of these authorities to remove a few key obstacles in the way of establishing municipal public accounts committees.
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An assessment of the recruitment, diversity strategies and initiatives used to promote and retain undergraduate students : the case study of Stellenbosch UniversitySiebritz, Ubenicia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For the past five years, Stellenbosch University (hereafter SU) has worked attentively to improve the diversity profiles of its staff and students, as well as the campus climate. In this regard, as at many other institutions, SU has worked in various ways to promote diversity. To this end, SU has not only invested in a variety of strategies and initiatives to address inequalities that exist in the education system, but has implemented their strategies and initiatives to assist with the diversification of the campus environment. Supplementary to these strategies and initiatives, staff, students, faculties and departments substantially support the institutional climate for diversity by supporting the various approaches and initiatives.
In the twenty-first century, higher education institutions are obligated to make numerous changes in their recruitment, retention and study programmes to succeed in having a more diverse learning environment. This thesis discusses diversity at SU and how the institution, as a community, can work together to make the campus a more welcoming place for everyone.
The purpose of the study was to determine the success of the diversity strategies and initiatives used by SU to promote their student diversity profile as it relates to students’ perceptions and experiences of the campus. The data confirms differences in opinions and perceptions in demographics such as race, culture, ethnicity and religion/beliefs. The researcher has also found a relationship between campus climate and the perceptions that students and staff may have.
The findings presented in this study enhance the body of knowledge in the areas of student recruitment and retention strategies and initiatives, as well as student participation, student progress and campus climate.
Even though the study is limited to one institution, this report provides institutions with a better understanding of student/staff involvement, their backgrounds and the campus climate as these aspects relate to the staff and students’ perceptions of the institutional commitment to diversity. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Universiteit Stellenbosch (US) het vir die afgelope vyf jaar aandagtig gewerk aan die diversiteitsprofiel van beide studente en personeellede, sowel as aan die klimaat op kampus. In hierdie opsig het die US, soos ander hoëronderwysinstellings, op verskeie maniere gewerk om diversiteit te bevorder. Die US het nie net belê in ’n verskeidenheid strategieë en insiatiewe om die ongelykhede wat in die onderwyssisteem bestaan, aan te spreek nie, maar het ook hierdie strategieë en inisiatiewe geimplimenteer om diversifikasie van die kampusomgewing aan te moedig. Bykomend tot die strategieë en inisiatiewe het studente, personeellede, fakulteite en departemente ongelooflike bydraes gemaak tot die institusionele klimaat van diversiteit deur verskeie benaderings en insiatiewe te ondersteun.
In die een-en-twintigste eeu het dit toenemend belangrik geword vir hoëronderwysinstellings om veranderinge te maak in werwing, behoud en studieprogramme ten einde `n meer diverse leeromgewing te bewerkstellig. Hierdie tesis bespreek diversiteit in die hoër onderwys en hoe die US as gemeenskap saam kan werk om die instelling `n meer verwelkomende kampus vir almal te maak.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om die sukses van die diversiteitstrategieë en insiatiewe wat deur die US vir die bevordering van die studente diversiteitsprofiel gebruik is ten opsigte van studente se persepsies en ervarings van die kampus te assesseer. Die resultate bevestig verskillende opinies en persepsies oor demografiese aspekte soos ras, kultuur, etnitisiteit en godsdiens/geloof. Die navorser het ook `n verhouding bepaal tussen die kampusklimaat en die persepsies van studente en personeellede.
Die bevindinge wat hierdie studie aanbied, dra by tot die geheel van kennis in die areas van strategieë en insiatiewe om studente te werf en te behou, sowel as studentedeelname, studentevordering en kampusklimaat.
Hoewel die studie tot een instelling beperk is, voorsien hierdie verslag instellings van `n beter begrip oor studente/personeelbetrokkenheid, hulle agtergrond en die kampusklimaat in terme van hoe hierdie aspekte verband hou met die studente en personeel se waarnemings van die institusionele verbintenis tot diversiteit.
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An analysis of waste minimisation initiatives in the City of Cape Town, South AfricaNkala, Zandile Carol 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mounting pressure on waste management has forced the City of Cape Town (CCT) to
progressively move towards achieving an integrated waste management system (IWMS).
This system presents a holistic approach of dealing with waste issues. The waste
management hierarchy indicates that the ‘cradle-to-cradle’ approach of waste
management is more ideal as compared to the traditional ‘cradle-to-grave’ approaches of
waste management, example landfilling. However the challenges that have transpired in
the rollout of waste minimisation initiatives highlight the need to continuously improve the
system.
This thesis investigates the municipal solid waste (MSW) minimisation programmes
initiated by the CCT Solid Waste Management Department. A systems approach that
combined both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was employed in the analysis. A
material flow analysis (MFA) model was used to trace the flow of waste through the waste
management system. The benefit of applying the MFA approach for waste management
problems has been highlighted in literature in terms of identifying potential recycling, and
other, waste-treatment technologies, and predicting the outcomes of waste treatment and
disposal initiatives. The main objective of this study was to apply an adapted MFA method
in order to determine the progress of the existing waste minimisation programmes and to
also determine the opportunities to utilise biodegradable and other recyclable components
of the waste streams; thereby improving the IWMS of the CCT.
The MFA provided a conceptual understanding of the flow of waste materials in the CCT.
The mass assessment of waste minimisation facilities, such as the Bellville compost plant
and Athlone material recovery facility and refuse transfer station, unveiled that there is still
a large amount of biodegradable and recyclable municipal solid waste that ends up in
landfills regardless of the waste minimisation facilities available. However, it is still
immature at this stage to conclude the success of the Think Twice campaign, since this is
a fairly new initiative that relies on the response rate of the public. There are challenges
associated with the recyclable waste recovery rates such as public awareness, proper
advertising, operational problems that still need to be addressed. The MFA results also
showed the final sinks of the different waste types that are sent through the different waste
minimisation facilities run by the CCT. The current institutional arrangements and legislative environment have been greatly improved but there are still a number of
challenges that need to be addressed.
The largest, overall challenge is devising a practical plan of ‘closing the loop’ in order to
develop a circular economy. The concept of ‘cradle-to-cradle’ seems to be premised on
extended producer responsibility and other stringent control mechanisms, which are
currently believed, will yield negative consequences in the South African context. A lot
more work needs to be done to achieve a genuinely integrated and sustainable solid waste
management system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Stad Kaapstad streef na ‘n geïntegreerde afval beheer sisteem (GABS) as gevolg van
toenemende druk op die bestuur van afval. Hierdie stelsel bied 'n holistiese benadering tot
die hantering van afval-probleme. Die afvalbestuur-klassifikasie wys dat die “wieg-tot-wieg”
benadering meer ideaal is as die tradisionele “wieg-tot-graf” benaderings van afvalbestuur,
byvoorbeeld die bestaande sorteringsterreine. Die uitdagings wat voor-gekom het in die
bekendstelling van afvalbeperkingsinisiatiewe het getoon dat daar ‘n voortdurende
behoefte is om die stelsel te verbeter.
Hierdie tesis ondersoek die munisipale vaste-afvalbeperkingsprogamme wat deur die Stad
Kaapstad se Departement Vaste-Afvalbestuur geïnisieer is. Beide kwantitatiewe en
kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik om die analises uit te voer. ‘n Materiaal vloei-analise
model (MVM) is gebruik om die vloei van afval deur die afvalbestuur-sisteem te volg. Die
voordeel van die toepassing van die MVM-model word uitgelig in die literatuur in terme van
identifisering van potensiële herwinning en ander afvalbehandelings-metodes en die
voorspelling van die uitkomste van afval-behandeling en wegdoen-inisiatiewe. Die
hoofdoel van die studie was om ‘n aangepaste MVM-metode toe te pas om die vordering
van die bestaande afvalbeperkings programme vas te stel asook om die gebruik van bioafbreekbare
en ander herwinbare komponente van die afvalstrome beter te kan benut en
daardeur ‘n verbetering van die GABS van die Stad Kaapstad teweeg te bring.
Die MVM het goeie insig gebied in die vloei van afvalmateriaal in die Stad Kaapstad. Die
massa-waardebepaling van afvalverminderings-fasiliteite, soos die Belville kompos-aanleg
en die Athlone materiaalherwinningsfasiliteit asook die afval-oordragstasie, het onthul dat
daar nog groot hoeveelhede biodegradeerbare munisipale vaste-afval in die
stortingsterreine beland ten spyte van die afvalbeperkings-fasiliteite wat beskikbaar is. Dit
is egter nog te vroeg om ‘n gevolgtrekking oor die sukses van die “Think Twice” veldtog te
maak aangesien dit 'n redelike nuwe inisiatief is wat op die terugvoer van die publiek
staatmaak. Daar is uitdagings wat verband hou met die herwinbare afvalhersteltempo’s
soos byvoorbeeld: openbare bewustheid, goeie advertering asook operasionele probleme
wat nog aangespreek moet word. Die MVM resultate het ook ‘n daling in die verskillende
afval-tipes wat deur die verskillende afvalbeperkingsfasiliteite van die Stad Kaapstad gestuur word, getoon. Die huidige institusionele reëlings en wetgewende omgewing het
baie verbeter, maar daar is nog 'n aantal skuiwergate wat aangespreek moet word.
Die grootste algehele uitdaging tans is die ontwerp van ‘n praktiese plan om die
skuiwergate te oorkom en om ‘n kringloop in die ekonomie te ontwikkel. Die "wieg-totwieg"
benadering berus op uitgebreide produsente verantwoordelikheid en ander streng
beheermaatreëls wat waarskynlik negatiewe gevolge in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks gaan
oplewer. Daar is egter nog baie werk wat gedoen moet word om ‘n geïntegreerde en
volhoubare stelsel vir die bestuur van vaste-afval daar te stel.
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Exploring business and owner traits of small and medium enterprises that exhibit increased revenues in South African townships : the case of selected townships in StrandSondlo, Dumisani 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apart from meeting basic customer needs, small and medium enterprises in the townships are a source of employment and livelihood for many. Businesses in the townships of the Strand have mushroomed from a formerly neglected area, like others in various townships throughout South Africa. Yet very little is known about them and their owners. What are their characteristics? What traits distinguish those that make higher revenues from the rest?
Many of these small businesses have emerged without government assistance, even though such support is often seen as a non-factor in determining the rate of an enterprise’s growth. Entrepreneurship, as literature often explains, is a dynamic endeavour which requires a business founder to display both determination and skill. Yet very few businesses normally survive the early stages. Many aspects of entrepreneurship need to be practically learned to enable the business to overcome many prevalent obstacles, and thus enable the enterprise to grow and contribute to job-creation.
Not all entrepreneurs are alike in their capability to spot an opportunity. Also, entrepreneurs differ in their ability to either steer or set up systems to take an enterprise through its various transitions. Yet still, the financial strategic decisions made at inception stage often influence the rate at which businesses will generate revenues later in existence. Government, both local and national, has a responsibility to provide an enabling environment for businesses to thrive.
Using a study of spaza and informal trade done in the past by Unisa and by Bojanala Platinum District Municipality as a baseline, this study surveyed 60.6 percent of businesses in the Strand townships that were identified through the database of both Khanyolwethu School and Sinobulumko Business Association. The main areas of focus were – the socio-economic and demographic profile, the physical characteristics, financing, relationship with suppliers, transport, income/turnover and traits that distinguish higher-revenue businesses from others.
Analyses through the Mann-Whitney U, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the chi-square and the Kruskal-Wallis test then showed that the businesses that tend to make larger monthly revenues are those that are owned by males, using cheque accounts for the business, and those whose main suppliers deliver merchandise to their premises. The businesses that make larger daily revenues were shown to be those that are owned by males, registered with CIPRO, using cheque accounts for the business and those whose owners have Grade 7 to 9 qualifications and above.
For government, the results of this study call for a further refining of the criteria used for loaning to businesses in townships, as well as to make the public more aware of the assistance provided by government’s business support agencies. For banks, the study calls for the designing of a ‘Spaza Account’, tailored to the needs and skills level of businesses owners in the townships. Socially, the study calls for the tearing down of all the walls that make it difficult for open trade to take place / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klein besighede in informele nedersettings spreek die behoefte aan van kliënte en genereer ‘n tipe inkomste, maar daar is min kennis oor eienaars se belange. Besighede in die Strand se informele nedersettings was gestig in minderbevooregte gebiede, soos baie ander regdeur Suid Afrika. Watter karaktereienskappe beskik hierdie eienaars om ‘n beter inkomste te genereer as die res van die inwoners?
Baie van hierdie besighede het ontstaan sonder enige hulp van regering instansies ten spyte van ondersteuningsdienste wat aan hulle beskikbaar was. Afhangende van die groei van die besigheidseienaar word dit in elk geval nie in ag geneem nie. Entrepreneurskap verduidelik letterlik dat die besigheids eienaar uithouvermoe en vaardighede kan uitbeeld. Baie min van hierdie besighede oorleef hulle eerste fase vanuit die staanspoor. Baie aspekte van die besigheid moet prakties aangeleer word om daaglikse uitdagings te oorkom. Op hierdie wyse groei die mark en sodoende word werksgeleenthede geskep.
Nie alle besighede is sodanig op hoogte van sake om geleenthede raak te sien nie. Dikwels verskil bestuurstyle van besighede om sisteme in plek te stel wat verandering kan meebring. Finansiële besluite wat geneem is aan die begin stadium het ‘n impak op inkomste wat op ‘n later stadium in die besigheid gegenereer word. Beide die nasionale en plaaslike regering het die verantwoordelikheid om ‘n goedgegewe besigheids omgewing te skep vir besigheidsgroei.
‘n Vorige studie van ‘n spaza en oor informele handel deur Unisa en Bojanala Platinum Distriksmunisipaliteit was as basis gebruik. Die studie het bewys dat 60.6 persent van besighede in informele nedersettings in die Strand geidentifiseer is deur gebruik te maak van die databasisse van beide plaaslike skole en besigheidsvereningings. Die hoof fokus areas was die sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese profiele, die fisiese karaktereienskappe, finansiering, verhoudinge met verskaffers, vervoer, inkomste en kenmerke wat die hoër – inkomste genererende besigheide van die ander skei.
Analises deur die Mann-Whitney, die Spearman rank korrelasie, die Chi-square en die Kruskal-Wallis toetse bewys dat besighede met ‘n hoër maandelikse inkomste deur mans besit word wat hulle besigheide vanaf hulle eiendomme bestuur en gebruik maak van tjekrekeninge. Die besighede wat ‘n daaglikse hoër inkomste genereer is ook daardie wat deur mans besit word, geregistreer is by CIPRO, gebruik maak van tjek rekeninge vir die besigheid en daardie van wie se eienaars kwalifikasies van graad 7 tot 9 en hoër het.
Asgevolg van die uitkoms van hierdie studie, soos van toepassing op die regering, moet vereistes vir lenings aan besighede in informele nedersettings hersien word. Die publiek moet ook meer bewus gemaak word oor die ondersteuning wat deur die regering beskikbaar gestel word. Ten opsigte van banke het die studie uitgelig dat daar ‘n spesiale ‘Spaza rekening’ geskep moet word wat voldoen aan die behoeftes en vaardighede van besigheidseienaars in die informele nedersettings. Op ‘n sosiale vlak vra die studie aan dat die ‘mure’ wat dit moeilik en onmoontlik maak vir ope mark besigheids geleenthede om plaas te vind, afgebreek moet word.
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