Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.

Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.

School attendance problems experienced by children are a concern across Canadian educational systems. Higher rates of attendance issues exist among children who experience emotional and behavioural difficulties, which places them at heightened risk for poor educational outcomes. Frequently explored in educational research are variables related to school attendance problems among the general child population, however, a shortage of literature exists that explores these elements among children with emotional and behavioral difficulties. To address this void, this mixed-methods study explored child and educational elements that surrounded the school attendance problems of a sample of children receiving mental health services at a community clinic. Together, analyses of data gathered from the CANS, SDQ, and client files indicated that dynamic and reciprocal relationships existed among children’s emotional, behavioural, social, and academic difficulties which contributed to their attendance and overall educational experiences. These results corroborate existing research related to school attendance problems, however, provide unique insights into the profiles of this particular population and how their needs can be better met to promote more positive school experiences.

The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to examine how problematic school absenteeism is produced, depicted and negotiated as a social problem. It aims to do so by studying texts produced by three different parties with a shared responsibility for children and youths experiencing problematic school absenteeism in Sweden: the families, the school system and affiliated authorities, as well as therapy providers commissioned by the social services. The research questions asked are how these different parties describe problematic school absenteeism as a social problem in texts, and what the consequences for the discourse are based on these problem descriptions. The analyzed texts are an article for debate published in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet, written by a parent of a child with problematic school absenteeism, a report written by the Swedish Schools Inspectorate, Skolinspektionen, and a handbook about working with problematic school absenteeism, written by a research team employed by a company specialized in therapies for children and youths with varying social issues.  Theoretically this study mainly departs from Bronfenbrenners (1979) ecological systems theory, the theoretical framework of Foucault (1982), mainly concerning discourse, and the methodological approach of Bacchi (2009) What’s the problem represented to be. The analysis uses Bacchis methodology, by posing specific questions aimed at the three different texts.  The results of this study show that problematic school absenteeism as a social problem is depicted differently throughout the different texts – often using different strategies and perspectives in describing and defining the issue. The study also finds a commonality among the texts regarding their perspective on parental strategies and influence in relation to problematic school absenteeism, where this factor is generally not scrutinized.  One of the major conclusions drawn from this study is that the discourse generally tends to subjectify the child or youth into being somewhat interchangeable with the social problem at hand, especially in the cases where the term hemmasittare (Swedish for home sitter) is used.  The conclusions made from this study are mainly applicable on the instance of these three texts but are thought to also be of use in further investigations concerning critical discourse analysis applied to problematic school absenteeism as a social problem. / Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka hur problematisk skolfrånvaro framställs och omförhandlas som ett socialt problem. Studien ämnar göra så genom att studera och analysera texter producerade av tre olika aktörer som besitter ett delat ansvar för barn och unga med problematisk skolfrånvaro. Dessa tre aktörer är familjen, skolan med angränsande myndigheter och behandlare/utförare på uppdrag av socialtjänsten. Studiens frågeställningar ämnar närmre undersöka hur dessa olika aktörer beskriver problematisk skolfrånvaro som ett socialt problem samt vilka diskursiva effekter detta genererar. De texter som valts ut för analys är en debattartikel publicerad i Aftonbladet skriven av en förälder till ett barn med problematisk skolfrånvaro, en rapport skriven av Skolinspektionen, samt en handbok som beskriver insatser vid långvarig skolfrånvaro skriven av en grupp forskare på uppdrag av ett företag som även erbjuder behandlingstjänster inom området. Studien grundar sig teoretiskt huvudsakligen på Bronfenbrenners (1979) utvecklingsekologiska systemteori, Foucaults (1982) teoretiska ramverk gällande diskurs samt Bacchis (2009) metodologiska analysverktyg What’s the problem represented to be. Bacchis verktyg används explicit i analysen genom att ställa specifika frågor gentemot det utvalda empiriska materialet. Analysens resultat visar att problematisk skolfrånvaro som ett socialt problem framställs på olika sätt beroende av vem avsändaren är – och att de olika aktörerna ofta använder olika strategier och perspektiv i beskrivningen och definitionen av problemet. Studien finner även en gemensam nämnare mellan samtliga texter gällande det faktum att föräldraförmågan inte lyfts eller problematiseras i förhållande till problematisk skolfrånvaro. En av studiens huvudsakliga slutsatser är att diskursen gällande problematisk skolfrånvaro generellt tenderar att förena barnet eller ungdomen som subjekt med det sociala problemet, särskilt vad gäller användningen av termen hemmasittare. Slutsatser gjorda i denna studie är framför allt applicerbara i kontexten för de tre texter som har analyserats, men kan också hävdas vara användbara i framtida undersökningar gällande kritisk diskursanalys av problematisk skolfrånvaro som socialt problem.