<p> The objective of this study was to determine the influence of market type and sampling time on <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Listeria </i> prevalence and microbiological quality of 540 beef, pork, and whole chicken samples collected in 6 supermarkets (SM), 6 indoor markets (IM), and 6 open markets (OM) at opening (T0) and 4 h after the opening (T4) in Vietnam. <i> Salmonella</i> and <i>Listeria</i> prevalence ranged from 30.4 to 71.0% and 56.6 to 99.9 %, respectively, in beef, pork, and chicken in Vietnam. Aerobic bacteria counts ranged from 10.5 to 11.6 log CFU/g, whereas, <i> E. coli</i> and coliform counts ranged from 7.2 to 11.4 log CFU/g in beef, pork, and chicken in Vietnam. <i>E. coli</i> counts were influenced by the interaction of market type and sampling time in beef and pork. Market characteristic data that were considered relevant to microbiological safety of fresh meat and poultry products were collected for individual samples. </p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Public and Environmental Affairs and Dept. of Political Science, 2004. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0330. Co-Chairs: Elinor Ostrom; Eduardo S. Brondizio. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 12, 2006).

With increasing prevalence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in agriculture and hydrology, there exists an opportunity for providing a technologically viable solution for the conservation of already scarce fresh water resources. In this thesis, a novel framework is proposed for enabling a proactive management of agricultural drainage and nutrient losses at farm scale where complex models are replaced by in-situ sensing, communication and low complexity predictive models suited to an autonomous operation. This is achieved through the development of the proposed Water Quality Management using Collaborative Monitoring (WQMCM) framework that combines local farm-scale WSNs through an information sharing mechanism. Under the proposed WQMCM framework, various functional modules are developed to demonstrate the overall mechanism: (1) neighbour learning and linking, (2) low-complexity predictive models for drainage dynamics, (3) low-complexity predictive model for nitrate losses, and (4) decision support model for drainage and nitrate reusability. The predictive models for drainage dynamics and nitrate losses are developed by abstracting model complexity from the traditional models (National Resource Conservation Method (NRCS) and De-Nitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model respectively). Machine learning algorithms such as M5 decision tree, multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, C4.5, and Naïve Bayes are used in this thesis. For the predictive models, validation is performed using 12-month long event dataset from a sub-catchment in Ireland. Overall, the following contributions are achieved: (1) framework architecture and implementation for WQMCM for a networked catchment, (2) model development for low-complexity drainage discharge dynamics and nitrate losses by reducing number of model parameters to less than 50%, (3) validation of the predictive models for drainage and nitrate losses using M5 tree algorithm and measured catchment data. Additionally modelling results are compared with existing models and further tested with using other learning algorithms, and (4) development of a decision support model, based on Naïve Bayes algorithm, for suggesting reusability of drainage and nitrate losses.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4106.pdf: 4595719 bytes, checksum: 71080244ebaf9b300c36a1f14343c9a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / The record of the memory of a time is an invaluable asset that can help us understand the past be aware of this and outline prospects for the future. But little is said about the memory of the technologies, doing agricultural or farming practices such as memory space. Thus, the purpose of this study is based on the search and systematization of records of agricultural modernization in the State of Sao Paulo and its impact on socioeconomic development, therefore raising the rescue of the memory usage of agricultural equipment, such as animal traction and tractor. The survey attempted to compare the use of animal traction and mechanization in 1960 and 2007/2008, according to agricultural census prepared by IBGE and the LUPA project, the Secretary of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo, being the last survey agriculture in the country. The aim of this research was to show that over the decades, preserving the use of animal traction technique has not received the attention and is not registering memory spaces in Brazil, nor the State of São Paulo, discussed in this universe research on its history, in a systemic way, year after year, allowing a comparative study. The survey noted that there is abundant literature on the study of the heritage buildings, historic farms, but nothing that represents the agricultural history in its entirety. There are specific initiatives to create spaces of memory, many of which could not ensure its implementation, for lack of replies to messages sent asking for confirmation or otherwise of the venture. The research outlined a scenario of the origin, the use of animal traction in agriculture, the emphasis in the 1980s recorded on the return of the technique encouraged, including government programs, the introduction of modernization, symbolized by the use of tractor, importance of preserving the memory for building spaces that preserve the agricultural history, with suggestion of establishment of this area in San Carlos, interior of São Paulo, where Brazilian tractor Company (CBT) produced the first fully national tractor. In this study CBT is represented with a separate topic, the importance of the company in the history of mechanization in the country. The survey also brings some attachments that help you understand which municipalities of São Paulo animal traction and tractor tire track and was used more in the years 1960 and 2007/2008. / O registro da memória de um tempo é um bem inestimável que pode nos ajudar a entender o passado, ter consciência do presente e traçar perspectivas para o futuro. Mas pouco se fala sobre a memória das tecnologias, do fazer e das práticas agrícolas ou das práticas agrícolas como espaço de memória. A proposta deste trabalho tem como base a busca e sistematização de registros da modernização agrícola no Estado de São Paulo e seu impacto no desenvolvimento socioeconômico, o que requer o resgate da memória do uso dos equipamentos agrícolas, como a tração animal e o trator. A pesquisa comparou o uso de tração animal e da mecanização nos anos de 1960 e 2007/2008, de acordo com os censos agropecuários elaborados pelo IBGE e pelo Projeto LUPA, da Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo, sendo este o último levantamento agropecuário do país. A proposta da pesquisa foi mostrar que, ao longo das décadas, a preservação do uso da técnica de tração animal não recebeu a atenção e não se encontra registro de espaços de memória no Brasil, nem tão pouco no Estado de São Paulo, universo abordado nesta pesquisa, sobre a sua história, de forma sistêmica, anos após anos, que permita um estudo comparativo. A pesquisa observou que existe farta literatura sobre o estudo do patrimônio, de edificações, fazendas históricas, mas nada que represente a história agrícola na sua totalidade. Há iniciativas pontuais de criação de espaços de memória, muitas das quais não foi possível assegurar a sua implementação, por falta de respostas às mensagens enviadas, solicitando a confirmação ou não do empreendimento. Assim, a pesquisa esboçou um panorama da origem, do uso da tração animal na agricultura, a ênfase registrada na década de 1980, quanto ao retorno da técnica incentivada, inclusive, por programas de governo, a introdução da modernização, simbolizada pelo emprego do trator, a importância da preservação da memória para construção de espaços que representem e salvaguardem a história agrícola. A sugestão é que este espaço seja criado em São Carlos, interior do Estado de São Paulo, onde a Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) produziu o primeiro trator totalmente nacional. Nesta pesquisa a CBT é representada com um tópico a parte, pela importância da companhia na história da mecanização no país. A pesquisa ainda traz alguns apêndices que ajudam a compreender em quais municípios paulistas a tração animal e o trator de esteira e de pneus foram mais empregados nos anos de 1960 e 2007/2008.

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