Thesis (MTech (Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / Scope creep is a common cause of project failures. This results in wastage of money, decreased satisfaction and causes the project value not to be met. Most projects seem to suffer scope creep and stakeholders, and project teams are continuously frustrated by it. Why are the effective means of managing scope seemingly escaping us? There is a lot of literature on the most effective methods of curbing scope creep. Various methodologies and project management software has been developed to deal with the issue of scope creep. However it is still regarded as one of the main challenges facing various projects. One of the active outsourced e-commerce project management companies in Cape Town, South Africa, observed that scope creep was affecting almost every project. Even well-executed e-commerce projects that meet time and budget constraints often fail to meet the expectations of the clients. In most cases the root cause can be traced back to scope issues. It has been observed that almost all e-commerce projects have to deal with scope creep. Project managers, customers and developers do not shoulder all the blame. This research study explores the challenges of managing scope creep. It aims to unveil the extent to which scope creep affects projects, and the underlying challenges of managing scope creep. More and more projects are failing regardless of the documentation, and training programmes on scope management. Perceptions of all the stakeholders are highlighted. The study also seeks to assist project managers on how to avoid scope creep. It has been proven that attempting to avoid it does not eliminate the problem. Therefore, this research study aims to bring about a practical solution to scope creep in e-commerce projects. This research study adopted both a qualitative research approach. Stemming from the findings of this study, recommendations such as employing well trained project managers, who are also trained developers, to assist in scoping the complex projects were made. Clients should also be participants in the scope management initiatives and should be consulted throughout the project. This research study was also done with the intention of assisting Project Management students’ training by contributing to the Project Management body of knowledge. This would help trainers and educators understand the real challenges in the field, and prepare them to provide solutions for future practice.

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Since the inception of Social Work as a profession, the profession has assisted the legal system of South Africa with the evaluating and/or assessment of individuals as part of the legal processes as requested by the legal system. The presumption that a degree in social work qualifies a social worker to assist the court with the above mentioned processes, is misplaced , even amongst the social work professionals themselves. This article focuses on the definition and scope of Forensic Social Work in the South African context. This will assist the SACSSP to establish criteria to register Forensic Social Work as a specialized field in Social Work. Those Social workers who want to render forensic services will need to acquire additional, specific, specialized knowledge, skills and experience regarding this field that is not acquired during pre-graduate studies, and which comply with the requirements of the judicial system. The findings of the study will be discussed with a submission of a definition and clarifying the scope of Forensic Social Work in South-Africa. / Thesis (M.A. (Maatskaplike Werk)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Since the inception of Social Work as a profession, the profession has assisted the legal system of South Africa with the evaluating and/or assessment of individuals as part of the legal processes as requested by the legal system. The presumption that a degree in social work qualifies a social worker to assist the court with the above mentioned processes, is misplaced , even amongst the social work professionals themselves. This article focuses on the definition and scope of Forensic Social Work in the South African context. This will assist the SACSSP to establish criteria to register Forensic Social Work as a specialized field in Social Work. Those Social workers who want to render forensic services will need to acquire additional, specific, specialized knowledge, skills and experience regarding this field that is not acquired during pre-graduate studies, and which comply with the requirements of the judicial system. The findings of the study will be discussed with a submission of a definition and clarifying the scope of Forensic Social Work in South-Africa. / Thesis (M.A. (Maatskaplike Werk)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

in English This thesis deals with the key principle of international refugee law which is the principle of non-refoulement. Thanks to this principle, entitled persons are protected from being returned to their country of origin where they would be in danger on the grounds listed in particular documents. The aim of my thesis is to define and analyze the nature, scope and content of this principle in particular international and regional documents and their subsequent comparison. The thesis itself is composed of seven main chapters. Chapter one contains a brief definition of the documents where the principle of non-refoulement is enshrined. Chapter two deals with the scope of the principle. The personal and territorial scope is examined in this chapter. In the third chapter, I focus on the nature of the principle in particular documents, the presence and interpretation of exceptions to the principle. I analyze primarily the Convention Relating to the Status of refugees in this chapter, since this Convention is the one containing exceptions to the principle. In the fourth chapter, I focus on the detailed analysis of the nature, scope and content of the principle in the particular documents. I examine which parts of the principle are identical or similar in those documents and which of them differ....

Introduction - Scope creep is uncontrolled and unauthorized changes to a project, extending the project beyond its initial boundaries. An extensive literature review indicated that scope creep is a common occurrence in projects with dire consequences. There are two dominant perspectives on scope creep. Either it is preventable, or inevitable. Based on these findings, the author seeks to investigate the phenomena by answering the research question of this thesis: Why do project managers have opposing perceptions of scope creep in projects? Purpose - This paper explores the managerial perceptions on the two opposing viewpoints on scope creep and potential variations. No previous studies investigate the phenomena in a matter of perception. The paper aims to open new insights about how project managers perceive scope creep based on their own experiences through project management in practice. Design/methodology/approach - The thesis employs a multiple, cross-sectional and mono-method case study design. A qualitative research method is utilized in combination with interpretative and inductive approaches. Sampling criteria techniques used are purposive and snowballing, focusing on project managers in Norway. Five project managers were interviewed in-depth following an interview guide facilitating semi- structured interviews. The interviews were later translated, transcribed and categorized in a thematic analysis template. Findings - The study’s findings indicate that the opposing managerial perspectives on scope creep are due to a varying degree of knowledge on the phenomena and its definition. Low comprehension of scope creep in project management teams generates ambiguity and uncertainty. Insufficient awareness of scope creep inclines project members to misuse the term, resulting in an inability to detect or discern scope creep from formalized changes to the project scope. The academic debate concerns whether scope creep is preventable or inevitable. This study found that the academic discrepancy is owed to a dissonance between academic project management literature and the real-world experiences from practicing project managers. Research limitations/implications - The paper is limited by investigating scope creep based only on data collected from Norwegian nationals. Furthermore, the sample size of the case study is relatively small. These limitations might inhibit the generalization of findings. Practical implication - The following findings and results aids practicing project managers by highlighting the importance of a clear definition of scope creep. Awareness of scope creep assists project team members to discover unauthorized changes, resulting in proper communication within the project management team concerning rogue changes. Originality/value - The paper examines experienced project managers different perspectives of scope creep from practical applications in the project management field. Keywords - Project Management, Scope Change, Scope Creep, Scope ManagementPaper type - Master's thesis

Civil engineering projects undertaken without successful implementation of scope management strategies by project leaders are approximately 10% more likely to fail than projects undertaken with scope management strategies. Using scope management theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore scope management strategies used by some project leaders in the engineering field to improve project success rates. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 3 purposefully selected project leaders in Georgia, and a review of project completion reports, budget reports, government proposals, and scope management documents. Data analysis occurred using Yin's 5-step process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding the data. The 3 emergent themes were client management strategy, schedule adherence strategy, and communication strategy. The findings indicated that implementing the scope management strategies of client management, schedule adherence, and communication with all stakeholders are essential for improving engineering project success rates. The implications for social change include the potential to elevate the use of sustainable-design application through water, energy, and natural resource conservation by project leaders through scope management strategy implementation. People in communities potentially benefit from the findings of this study because of the increased use of sustainable materials, reduced use of water, energy, and natural resources, and an improved local environment.

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A critical question for government officials, managers of NGOs, and politicians is how to respond to situations in which large numbers of lives are at risk. Theories in judgment and decision making as well as economics suggest diminishing marginal utility with increasing quantities of goods. In the domain of lifesaving, this form of non-linearity implies decreasing concern for individual lives as the number of affected people increases. In this paper, we show how intuitive valuations based on prosocial emotions can lead to scope insensitivity and suboptimal responses to lives at risk. We present both normative and descriptive models of valuations of lives and discuss the underlying psychological processes as they relate to judgments and decisions made in public policy and by NGOs.

Purpose of the research<p>This paper presents an analysis of, and recommendations for, the training and accreditation of healthcare workers in Canada<p>The significant cost of education and healthcare, as well as the current and ongoing national shortage of healthcare professionals, warrants a critical look at the educational training requirements of healthcare workers in Canada. This topic includes reviewing the historical background of training for a variety of healthcare professionals in Western cultures, the common philosophy of education trends for these workers, and the future directions for various professions, focusing specifically on Medical Radiation Technologists in Canada.<p>Methods used <p>The methodology applied to this research is that of critical analysis, utilizing the following critical skills as proposed by philosopher Bertrand Russell: (i) the ability to form an opinion for oneself (tasks of recognizing, listening and questioning), (ii) the ability to find an impartial solution (dealing with biases and detachment for beliefs, judging on merit of issues), and (iii) the ability to identify and question assumptions (emphasis on judgment, critical reflection and constructive rather than destructive doubt)(Hare, 2001, pp8-9). Recommendations regarding pre-service and continuing educational training for Medical Radiation Technologists in Canada will be proposed.<p>Tied to any investigation of healthcare workers is a critical assessment of the healthcare system, as the needs of the community that is served by these professionals must be identified and successfully met. The literature review includes national statistics and summaries of health and lifestyle trends, as well as the trends for the education and training of healthcare workers.<p>Results obtained/Significance of findings<p>Reflective, critical assessment of the training and future trends of healthcare workers reveals that healthcare has undergone two major changes in focus: (1) healthcare as a business and (2) the holistic interdisciplinary trend of patient care.<p>After investigating the trends of health care professionals training, and even though the arguments for degree as entry-to-practice are very strong on many levels, I dont feel that I can conclude that the degree is the only option. If diploma training can adequately provide the basic theory and skills needed, additional skills and training, when required for a particular task, should be, and currently are, made available to the individual.