Breast Cancer is the second most common cancer in Sweden. More treatment options are available with a higher chance of survival if Breast cancer is diagnosed early. WHO has recommended performing Breast Cancer screenings on women even before they develop any symptoms. In Sweden, all women between the age of 40 and 74 years are called for a Breast Cancer Screening examination every two years. However, all of the called out women are not appearing for Breast screening therefore the purpose of this degree project is to analyze the possible benefits of setting up Mobile Mammography Units (MMUs) in Sweden. This thesis focuses on need-analysis, cost-analysis, image quality, and quality of care in MMUs compared to fixed units and if MMUs can be used as a tool for dispersal of knowledge regarding preventive care for cancer. Further, long waiting queues is one of the major concern and underperformed area in Sweden. Since the enactment of Cancer Care Pathways in Sweden, long waiting queues for patients having non-cancer diseases have been the most frequently mentioned risk in the regional status reports. This study, therefore, aims to analyze if mammography screening in hospitals is adding up to the long waiting ques for other patients or not. This study followed a qualitative setting where several semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the National workgroup of mammography in Sweden, and an abductive inductive approach was followed for the data collection and analysis. The results of the study concluded that Mobile mammography units are only beneficial for areas with demographic issues. Mobile mammography units are resource-demanding therefore it is better to invest in fixed units for areas where there are no traveling issues. The mammography unit in a hospital is a separate department and does not affect any other patient by being in the hospital hence not resulting in the “Crowding out effect”. Regarding the Image quality and quality of care, it is similar in both the fixed and mobile units, apart from the quality of care for disabled women who must visit the fixed unit and hence are deprived of close care. A proper cost-analysis, with exact figures, for both mobile and fixed mammography units was not found during this study therefore it could not be concluded if MMUs are cost-effective or not. Also, if Mobile Mammography Units are to be used as a tool for the dispersal of knowledge regarding the prevention of cancer, there will be a need to hire extra staff who can perform this job. / Bröstcancer är den näst vanligaste cancerformen i Sverige. Fler behandlingsalternativ finns tillgängliga med högre chans att överleva om bröstcancer diagnostiseras tidigt. WHO har rekommenderat att utföra bröstcancerscreeningar på kvinnor även innan de utvecklar några symtom. I Sverige kallas alla kvinnor mellan 40 och 74 år till en bröstcancerundersökning vartannat år. Alla kvinnor som bjuds in till undersökning dyker dock inte upp, därför är syftet med detta examensarbete att analysera möjliga fördelar med att sätta upp mobila mammografienheter (MMU) i Sverige. Långa väntetider är ett stort problem i Sverige, även för dessa patienter som inte har cancer eller tecken på cancer. Denna studie syftar därför till att analysera om mammografiscreening på sjukhus ökar eller minskar de långa väntetiderna för andra patienter som inte är drabbade av cancern. Resultat av studien visar att mobila mammografienheter endast är fördelaktiga för områden med demografiska problem. Mobila mammografienheter är resurskrävande, därför är det bättre att investera i fasta enheter för områden där det inte finns några reseproblem. Också Mammografienheten på ett sjukhus är en separat avdelning och bör inte påverka antal mängder patienter på ett sjukhus. Vi kunde inte fastställa kostnader för vare sig mobila eller fasta mammografienheter under denna studie. Därmed kan slutsatsen inte avgöras om det är förmånligt med mobila mammografienheter eller inte. Men däremot är en sak säker, det kommer att behövas att anställa fler personal.

While Aluminium has lots of unique properties and is seen as a material of the future, its production and manufacturing has significant environmental impacts. For complex and dimensional shapes casting remains the main manufacturing method and in this study the environmental pressure of different casting techniques is compared. A screening LCA is conducted to determine the environmental impacts of plaster mould castings in a case study at the Ventana Hackås AB foundry in Mid Sweden. The findings are compared to models of sand, pressure die and lost wax castings, based on literature datasets. The most relevant factors for the environmental performance are identified as the production of the aluminium alloy and the amount and source of energy. For plaster mould castings additionally the plaster consumption is significant, while lost wax castings are dominated by the mould production and general processes. Under similar circumstances a relatively similar performance was found for all casting techniques except the lost wax process, which is at least 3 times more emission intensive. Of the remaining techniques pressure die castings performed the best and plaster mould castings the worst, but different sources of uncertainties have been identified in this comparison. In addition a carbon footprint interface is created based on these findings, to enable specific comparisons of different casting method setups. Customizable variables allow the adaptation of three scenarios to real world conditions. As the main influencing factors the aluminium alloy, source of electricity and casting technique have been identified. / <p>2018-10-10</p>