published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

O presente trabalho procurou analisar a fundação da Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira no final do século XIX sob o olhar da modernidade, suas consequências para a cidade de Rio Grande e as transformações que ocorreram no balneário ao longo de meio século de história. Nossa narrativa enfocou o desejo dos homens em usufruir dos banhos de mar, seus benefícios terapêuticos e as diferentes formas de viver os espaços de lazer das estações balneares. Apresentamos o cenário da Villa Sequeira, um local construído para os lazeres das elites, mas que passou a ser vivenciado por vários segmentos sociais e dessa forma, constituiu-se em uma estação balnear para \"todos\", popularizando os banhos de mar e a vilegiatura marítima na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivando enfocar os aspectos gerais que envolveram os veraneios no \"Cassino\" apresentamos as diversas formas de sociabilidade representadas por seus frequentadores no espaço da praia, da avenida, e em locais privados, como os hotéis, os salões de festas e bailes e a Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC). / The present work analyzed the foundation of \"Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira\" in the end of the XIX century in a modern point of view, the consequences for the city of Rio Grande and the transformations that happened in the beach during a half century of history. Our narrative focused in the desire of men to enjoy the sea baths, their therapeutic benefits and the different ways to live the leisure places of the beaches. We show the scene of Villa Sequeira, a place built for elite leisure, but that was lived for several social classes and, in this way, contributed for the popularization of the sea bath and for the maritime \"La villegiatura\" in the south region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Aiming to focus in the general aspects that evolved the vacances in Cassino we show the several ways of sociability demonstrated by its visitors in the beach space, in the avenue, and in private locals, as hotels, party saloons and balls and the Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC).

O presente trabalho procurou analisar a fundação da Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira no final do século XIX sob o olhar da modernidade, suas consequências para a cidade de Rio Grande e as transformações que ocorreram no balneário ao longo de meio século de história. Nossa narrativa enfocou o desejo dos homens em usufruir dos banhos de mar, seus benefícios terapêuticos e as diferentes formas de viver os espaços de lazer das estações balneares. Apresentamos o cenário da Villa Sequeira, um local construído para os lazeres das elites, mas que passou a ser vivenciado por vários segmentos sociais e dessa forma, constituiu-se em uma estação balnear para \"todos\", popularizando os banhos de mar e a vilegiatura marítima na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivando enfocar os aspectos gerais que envolveram os veraneios no \"Cassino\" apresentamos as diversas formas de sociabilidade representadas por seus frequentadores no espaço da praia, da avenida, e em locais privados, como os hotéis, os salões de festas e bailes e a Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC). / The present work analyzed the foundation of \"Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira\" in the end of the XIX century in a modern point of view, the consequences for the city of Rio Grande and the transformations that happened in the beach during a half century of history. Our narrative focused in the desire of men to enjoy the sea baths, their therapeutic benefits and the different ways to live the leisure places of the beaches. We show the scene of Villa Sequeira, a place built for elite leisure, but that was lived for several social classes and, in this way, contributed for the popularization of the sea bath and for the maritime \"La villegiatura\" in the south region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Aiming to focus in the general aspects that evolved the vacances in Cassino we show the several ways of sociability demonstrated by its visitors in the beach space, in the avenue, and in private locals, as hotels, party saloons and balls and the Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC).

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la station balnéaire de Skegness et les vacances de la classe ouvrière en Grande Bretagne. Elle valide le déclin des stations balnéaires britanniques en tenant compte des expériences plurielles et des stratégies de régénération et de survie du tourisme balnéaire. Les deux premières parties de la thèse ont analysé le développement des vacances balnéaires, comme une alternative aux anciens loisirs, et démontré l’apparition de Skegness en tant que station balnéaire suite au changement des conditions socioéconomiques des ouvriers. Cette thèse a également détaillé comment Skegness a été promue comme une station balnéaire à l’époque en se focalisant sur le rôle joué par les compagnies ferroviaires dans la promotion de la station par le biais d’affiches et de publicité dans les journaux. L'étude du matériel promotionnel a démontré les changements dans l'image de la station balnéaire et le ton social annoncé dès les premières années de l'aménagement du village jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle. Cette étude a ensuite démontré que cette ville balnéaire a vu apparaître tous types de vacances de classes ouvrières, en particulier l’apparition des maisons de vacances (plotland), des camps de vacances et de caravanes. Dans ce contexte, les camps de vacances ont été étudiés comme un aspect de commercialisation des vacances de la classe ouvrière. Enfin, cette étude a abordé le déclin de Skegness et a démontré que le tourisme à l'étranger a eu un effet néfaste sur les stations balnéaires britanniques ainsi que la détérioration de l'infrastructure et les mauvaises stratégies de marketing. Dans ce contexte de déclin, il a été démontré que Skegness a réussi dans une certaine mesure à survivre en tant que destination privilégiée des familles de la classe ouvrière Anglaise. / This thesis is a study of the seaside resort of Skegness and the working class seaside holiday. It validates the onset of decline on British seaside resorts, but confirms the plurality of experiences and the varieties of the strategies of regeneration and survival. The first two parts of the thesis analyse the growth of the seaside holiday as an alternative to old leisure and the growth of Skegness as a seaside resort within the dynamics of changing leisure and changing socio-economic conditions of workers. A second theme, related to the growth of the Skegness resort, which is a major thrust of this thesis, is an analysis of the way Skegness was promoted as a seaside resort. It is argued in this context that the railway, in addition to bringing holidaymakers to the resort, played a pivotal role in the promotion of the resort, especially through posters and to a lesser extent newspaper publicity. The study of promotional materials seeks also to demonstrate the changes in the resort image and social tone from the early years of the resort development until the late twentieth century. This study also addresses the decline of Skegness as a domestic holiday destination. It argues that holidays abroad had a detrimental effect on British seaside resorts in addition to the homegrown factors like the deteriorating resort infrastructure and the poor marketing strategies. Against this background of decline, it is shown that Skegness, despite the alarming deprivation indicators, managed to a certain extent to survive as a working class family destination.

"Victorianism" is a highly controversial, sometimes ironic, term penned by historians throughout various works that has come to hold dramatic weight in both its meaning and its influence. Though the term is usually most closely associated with nineteenth century England, Victorianism was a highly influential movement in American culture simultaneously as well, specifically in the spheres of home, work, and play. Of those, "play," or leisure, is undoubtedly the least explored, especially before the latter decades of the twentieth century. Prior to this period, most literature about the Victorians, with the exception of a few works, only dealt with masculinity, religion, and the rigid dynamic of the nineteenth century household. Recently, historians like James Walvin, Pamela Horn, and Hugh Cunningham have attempted to draw attention to Victorian leisure with excellent works on pastimes and society during the nineteenth century, but they represent only a few. However, many works of this caliber focus on England, the "birthplace" of Victorianism. Thus, this work attempts to emphasize that the cultural phenomenon of Victorianism was just as present in the United States. Despite the recurring themes of the home and the workplace so often chosen by scholars, it is actually within the realm of leisure that the controversial issues of the Victorian period and its people can be best observed. Class, race, and gender were three major components of the Victorian culture that shaped the various forms of leisure and recreation, as well as the specific restrictions on those amusements. All of these factors had a shared, tremendous influence on the progress (or lack thereof) towards a more modern era and society that occurred at the turn of the twentieth century. iv In the pages to follow, the numerous contradictions and paradoxes of Victorian leisure in America will be examined, ultimately demonstrating how pastimes and recreation (and their outlets) in the mid to late nineteenth century were neither truly Victorian nor truly progressive, but indeed a combination of both. This creates further irony during this controversial period. However, before exploring these outlets, the term "Victorian" will be examined while placing it into the context of mid to late nineteenth century Americans who belonged to all classes of travelers. It will become apparent that American Victorians had much invested in their values, but were also willing to break the rules regarding certain amusements and pleasures. Moreover, the "democratization" of leisure will be highlighted as the upper and lower classes began to enjoy the same recreations. Marked innovations of the period will also be discussed, as to highlight their importance on Victorian leisure and its development, which will also be referred to throughout the chapters. These topics will be addressed before examining the specific Victorian leisure culture of two of America’s oldest seaside destinations: Cape May and Atlantic City, both in New Jersey. The guests, accommodations and transportation, and offerings at these resort towns will act as a mirror into mid to late nineteenth century culture. There, the contradictory ideals and rules of Victorianism are exhibited as the resorts rose to prominence. The decline of "elite-only" leisure and the rise of the "excursionist" will be examined throughout the progression of the towns’ growth and boom periods. Exploring the ironies of Victorian leisure through the proverbial lens of Cape May and Atlantic City proves effective, as the towns came to represent opposite ends of the "socially acceptable" spectrum after a short period, and were full of similar inconsistencies and paradoxes themselves. Additionally, their current fates remain a product of their polarized v Victorian heydays, further proving the influence of seaside resort culture, the late Victorian period, and its ideals on the broader field of American leisure history.