Šio darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti aukštesniųjų alkoholių ir kitų fuzelio junginių formavimasi etanolyje, gautame mikronizuotus rugius fermentuojant Saccharomyces cerevisiae anaerobiniu būdu ir Helianthus tuberosus L. Kluyveromyces var. mielių skirtingais porūšiais aerobiniu būdu. Rezultati parodė, kad gaminant etanolį iš mikronizuotų rugių žaliavos, fermentuojant pastarąją Saccharomyces cerevisiae mielėmis, o žaliavos sucukrinimui naudojant skirtingus fermentinius preparatus, gaunami skirtingi raugalo parametrai, o skirtingi fermentai, naudoti žaliavos sucukrinimui, turėjo skirtingos įtakos aukštesniųjų alkoholių ir kitų fuzelio junginių kiekiui etanolyje, pagamintame iš mikronizuotų rugių žaliavos. Vykdant etanolio gamybą iš Helianthus tuberosus L. žaliavos, fermentuojant pastarąją Kluyveromyces marxianus skirtingų porūšių mielėmis, gaunama vienoda etanolio išeiga (6 tūrio %), tačiau skirtingas mėginių pH: didžiausia pH vertė - K. marxianus fermentuotuose mėginiuose (4,87), mažiausia - K. arosophlazum fermentuotuose (4,09), todėl etanolio saugai užtikrinti, reikėtų rinktis didesnio pH mėginius. Tačiau skirtingi Kluyveromyces var. porūšiai turi skirtingą įtaką aukštesniųjų alkoholių ir kitų fuzelio junginių kiekiui etanolyje, pagamintame iš Helianthus tuberosus L. žaliavos, fermentuojant pastarąją aerobiniu būdu. Efektyviausia etanolio gamybos technologija ir gaunamos didžiausios išeigos, vykdant pastarąją aerobiniu būdu, fermentuojant Helianthus tuberosus L. K. marxianus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to evaluate formation of the higher alcohols and other fusel oil compounds in ethanol made from micronized rye fermented in anaerobic condition with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and made from Helianthus tuberosus L. in aerobic condition. We found different higher alcohols and other fusel oil compounds concentration in ethanol made from micronized rye fermented in anaerobic condition with Saccharomyces cerevisiae depending on the enzymes used for the raw material sugaring process preparation. Therefore, we found the same yield of the ethanol, made from Helianthus tuberosus L. raw materials fermented with different varieties of Kluyveromyces var. yeast (6 vol %), but it was established different fermented samples pH: the highest pH value was found in with K. marxianus fermented samples (4.87), the lowest – with K. arosophlazum fermented samples (4.09), and we conclude that to ensure ethanol safety, for ethanol production should be choose with a higher value pH samples. Also, we found that different varieties of Kluyveromyces var. have a different influence on the higher alcohols and other fusel oil compounds formation in ethanol made from Helianthus tuberosus L. raw materials in aerobic condition. The most efficient ethanol production technology and the highest yield of ethanol it is possible to get when Helianthus tuberosus L. are fermented with K. marxianus yeast (8 vol %), and this technology, when is used Helianthus tuberosus L. raw material, is... [to full text]

Plant secondary products such as flavonoids have a variety of roles in plants including UV protection, antifeedant activity, pollinator attraction, stress response, flavor, and many more. These compounds also have effects on human physiology. Glucosylation is an important modification of many flavonoids and other plant secondary products. In grapefruit, glucosylation is important in the synthesis of the bitter compound naringin and several flavonoid glucosyltransferase (GT) enzymes have been characterized from young grapefruit leaf tissue. To study structure and function of flavonoid GTs, it is necessary to isolate cDNA’s that can be cloned and manipulated. In prior work, the plant secondary product glucosyltransferase (PSPG) box was used to identify putative GT clones. We report on results from experiments to test the hypothesis that PGT clones 4 and 11 are plant secondary product GTs, specifically flavonoid GTs. Previously, PGT 4 was cloned into a bacterial expression system, however all protein was localized into inclusion bodies and GT activity could not be tested. For this work, recombinant PGT 4 and PGT 11 were transformed into yeast and the proteins expressed and screened for glucosyltransferase activity with a variety of flavonoid substrates including flavanones, flavones, and flavonols.