Recently, the South African Legislature partially codified the common law duties of directors with the Companies Act, 71 of 2008 (hereafter referred to as „the 2008 Companies Act‟) which came into effect on 1st May 2011. Chapter 2 of the 2008 Companies Act is dedicated to the formation, administration and dissolution of companies. „Part F‟ thereof elaborately provides for governance of companies, and section 76 contained therein requires directors and other company office bearers to meet the standards of directors‟ conduct as prescribed therein. All of these duties are in accordance with the principles of common law as indicated in section 77 subsection (2) (a) where non-compliance will attract legislated liabilities as provided for in section 77 of the 2008 Companies Act. While the standards of directors‟ conduct remains within the bounds of common law, what impact will this codification have on South Africa‟s corporate law? And what are the realities of its enforcement? / Dissertation LLM--University of Pretoria, 2012. / hb2014 / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

This project attempts to demonstrate the value of literary approaches to the Doctrine and Covenants, using a predominantly formalistic approach. To establish a foundation, the first chapter discusses the rich literary content of the Doctrine and Covenants, providing examples of the various literary genres represented in it, such as narrative, saga, parable, and poetry. The second chapter presents portions of Section 76 that contain features characteristic of Hebrew poetry, such as figures of speech and parallelism. The third chapter analyzes ways in which Section 76's poetic dimensions are illuminated by "The Vision," a 312-line poem attributed to Joseph Smith. The poetic version closely parallels the revelation and reveals insights into the poetic quality of Section 76. This study includes a line-by-line comparison of both the scriptural and poetic versions, and notes both textual similarities and differences between them.

The additional tax ("penalties") imposable in terms of section 76(1) of the Income Tax Act (No 58 of 1962) when a taxpayer is in default, can be very harsh (up to 200% of the tax properly chargeable). The Commissioner may, in terms of section 76(2)(a), remit any penalty imposed, as he sees fit. However, when there was intent on the part of the taxpayer to evade the payment of tax, the Commissioner may not remit any portion of the 200% penalty imposable, unless he is of the opinion that "extenuating circumstances" exist. This dissertation examines the meaning of "extenuating circumstances", as interpreted by the judiciary, and lists the factors and defences that a taxpayer may plead to justify a remission of penalties, both in the case of an intention by the taxpayer to evade tax and in cases where the taxpayer is merely in default of section 76(1). / Accounting / MCOM (Accounting)

The additional tax ("penalties") imposable in terms of section 76(1) of the Income Tax Act (No 58 of 1962) when a taxpayer is in default, can be very harsh (up to 200% of the tax properly chargeable). The Commissioner may, in terms of section 76(2)(a), remit any penalty imposed, as he sees fit. However, when there was intent on the part of the taxpayer to evade the payment of tax, the Commissioner may not remit any portion of the 200% penalty imposable, unless he is of the opinion that "extenuating circumstances" exist. This dissertation examines the meaning of "extenuating circumstances", as interpreted by the judiciary, and lists the factors and defences that a taxpayer may plead to justify a remission of penalties, both in the case of an intention by the taxpayer to evade tax and in cases where the taxpayer is merely in default of section 76(1). / Accounting / MCOM (Accounting)