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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Factors influencing accumulation of potato glycoalkaloids and their potential manipulation in tuber pathogen control

Percival, Glynn C. January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
2

Qualidade de processamento e envelhecimento fisiológico de tubérculos de batata produzidos durante a primavera e o outono na região central do Rio Grande do Sul / Processing quality and physiological aging of potato tubers roduced during spring and autumn growing conditions in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul

Freitas, Sergio Tonetto de 20 January 2006 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Potato tubers can be used as food or seed. Potatoes are mostly sold for tablestock and processing consumptions. Each destination has its own requirements to attend consumers exigencies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the processing quality and physiological aging of potato tubers produced during spring and autumn growing conditions in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Tubers of 15 potato clones were evaluated for processing quality during spring 2003 and autumn 2004. The best performance of chips color, dry matter, and reduced sugar was obtained with potatoes of the clones SMIJ461-1, SMIJ319-1, SMIJ456-4Y, SMIC148-A, SMIDO40-4RY and SMIH095-1. Among these clones, SMIDO40-4RY and SMIH095-1 were less affected by temperature and sunlight conditions of the RS growing seasons. The clones SMIJ461-1 and SMIJ456-4Y cultivated during spring showed the highest dry matter and the lightest chip color. The physiological aging was studied in potato tubers of the Asterix, SNINIA793101-3 and SMIJ461-1 clones produced during spring and autumn 2004 and stored at 4, 8, 12 and 25°C for 180 days. The physiological aging of the three evaluated clones was affected by the growing conditions. Potato tubers cultivated in autumn and stored at 4 and 8°C remained dormant for 180 days. When tubers were produced during spring, only the clones SMINI793101-3 and SMIJ461-1 stored at 4°C remained dormant for 180 days. The growing conditions and genetic differences influence both processing quality and physiological aging of potato tubers. The storage at low temperature is efficient to delay physiological aging only during the dormant period of the potato tubers. / Os tubérculos de batata podem ser destinados para o consumo ou semente. Para o consumo, estes podem ser utilizados para mesa ou para processamento. Ambas as finalidades exigem tubérculos com qualidades distintas, as quais são essenciais para atender as necessidades do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de processamento e o envelhecimento fisiológico de tubérculos produzidos durante a primavera e o outono na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. A qualidade de processamento foi avaliada em 15 clones produzidos durante a primavera de 2003 e o outono de 2004. O envelhecimento fisiológico foi estudado em tubérculos dos clones Asterix, SNINIA793101-3 e SMIJ461-1 produzidos durante o outono e primavera de 2004 e armazenados a 4, 8, 12 e 25°C por um período de 180 dias. Para qualidade de processamento, os clones SMIJ461-1, SMIJ319-1, SMIJ456-4Y, SMIC148-A, SMIDO40-4RY e SMIH095-1 foram os que apresentaram o melhor desempenho em coloração dos chips e teores de massa seca e açúcares redutores. Dentre esses clones, SMIDO40-4RY e SMIH095-1 foram os menos influenciados pelas épocas de cultivo de outono e primavera na região central do RS. Os clones SMIJ461-1 e SMIJ456-4Y apresentaram maior teor de massa seca e coloração mais clara dos chips no cultivo da primavera. De acordo com a avaliação do envelhecimento fisiológico, os três clones sofreram influência das condições de cultivo. O cultivo de outono combinado com o armazenamento a 4 e 8°C manteve os tubérculos dos diferentes clones em estádio de dormência por 180 dias. Quando os tubérculos foram produzidos na primavera, somente os clones SMINI793101-3 e SMIJ461-1 submetidos a temperatura de 4°C mantiveram a dormência durante os 180 dias de armazenamento. As condições de cultivo e as diferenças genéticas alteram tanto a qualidade de processamento quanto o envelhecimento fisiológico dos tubérculos. O armazenamento dos tubérculos a baixa temperatura é eficaz para retardar o envelhecimento fisiológico somente durante o período de dormência.
3

Parâmetros de crescimento e marcha de absorção de nutrientes na produção de minitubérculos de batata cv. Atlantic. / Growth parameters and uptake rate in potato cv. Atlantic minituber production.

Favoretto, Patrícia 17 May 2005 (has links)
Por ser a cultura anual de maior importância econômica no Brasil e apresentar custo elevado de produção, novas alternativas vêm sendo adotadas para diminuir os custos e obter batata-semente de boa qualidade. Com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes a partir de plântulas do cv. Atlantic, para a produção de minitubérculos em sistema hidropônico, realizou-se esse trabalho no período de setembro a novembro de 2004 em Vargem Grande do Sul - SP, localizada na altitude 21°47’28"S e na longitude 046°53’04"W com 938 m de altitude. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas e coletadas em intervalos semanais do início do desenvolvimento até a fase da colheita aos 53 dias após transplantio (DAT). As plantas coletadas foram separadas em sistema radicular, parte aérea e minitubérculos, secadas em estufa e pesadas em balança analítica para obtenção de peso do material seco. Após secagem foram moídas em moinho e submetidas à análise para obtenção da extração de nutrientes para os tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o acúmulo dos nutrientes é influenciado pelas fases da cultura e peso do material seco total das plantas. A seqüência do acúmulo máximo dos macronutrientes para os tratamentos foi: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S e para os micronutrientes foi: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. A seqüência de exportação dos macronuteintes foi: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca e para os micronutrientes foi: Fe > Zn > Cu > B > Mn. O sistema hidropônico permitiu disponibilizar os nutrientes mais prontamente assimiláveis pelas plantas e conseqüentemente maiores taxas de multiplicação. / As potato is the most important economic annual staple crop in Brazil and its production involves high costs, new alternatives are being adopted to decrease costs and obtain high quality potato seed. This study aimed at determining the growth parameters and the uptake rate by seedling from cv. Atlantic to be used for minituber production in a hydroponic system. It was carried out from setember to november 2004 in Vargem Grande do Sul - SP, located in latitude 21°47’28"S and longitude 046°53’04"W at altitude 938 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications. The plants were collected and evaluated at weekly intervals from the initial development phase throughout harvesting phase, 53 days after transplanting (DAT). The plants were separated into root system, aerial part and minituber, dried in oven and weighed on an analytical scale in order to obtain the dry mass weight. After drying, the plants were grounded in a mill and submitted to analysis in order to obtain the nutrient extraction for each treatment. The results showed that the nutrient accumulation is influenced by the phase of the crop and the total dry mass weight of plants. The sequence of maximum macronutrient accumulation for the treatments was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S, and for the micronutrient it was: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. The sequence of macronutrient exportation was: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca, and for the micronutrients it was: Fe > Zn > Cu > B > Mn. The hydroponic system allowed to make the nutrients more readly available to the plants, and, as a consequence, higher rates of multiplcation were observed.
4

Parâmetros de crescimento e marcha de absorção de nutrientes na produção de minitubérculos de batata cv. Atlantic. / Growth parameters and uptake rate in potato cv. Atlantic minituber production.

Patrícia Favoretto 17 May 2005 (has links)
Por ser a cultura anual de maior importância econômica no Brasil e apresentar custo elevado de produção, novas alternativas vêm sendo adotadas para diminuir os custos e obter batata-semente de boa qualidade. Com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes a partir de plântulas do cv. Atlantic, para a produção de minitubérculos em sistema hidropônico, realizou-se esse trabalho no período de setembro a novembro de 2004 em Vargem Grande do Sul – SP, localizada na altitude 21°47’28”S e na longitude 046°53’04”W com 938 m de altitude. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas e coletadas em intervalos semanais do início do desenvolvimento até a fase da colheita aos 53 dias após transplantio (DAT). As plantas coletadas foram separadas em sistema radicular, parte aérea e minitubérculos, secadas em estufa e pesadas em balança analítica para obtenção de peso do material seco. Após secagem foram moídas em moinho e submetidas à análise para obtenção da extração de nutrientes para os tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o acúmulo dos nutrientes é influenciado pelas fases da cultura e peso do material seco total das plantas. A seqüência do acúmulo máximo dos macronutrientes para os tratamentos foi: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S e para os micronutrientes foi: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. A seqüência de exportação dos macronuteintes foi: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca e para os micronutrientes foi: Fe > Zn > Cu > B > Mn. O sistema hidropônico permitiu disponibilizar os nutrientes mais prontamente assimiláveis pelas plantas e conseqüentemente maiores taxas de multiplicação. / As potato is the most important economic annual staple crop in Brazil and its production involves high costs, new alternatives are being adopted to decrease costs and obtain high quality potato seed. This study aimed at determining the growth parameters and the uptake rate by seedling from cv. Atlantic to be used for minituber production in a hydroponic system. It was carried out from setember to november 2004 in Vargem Grande do Sul – SP, located in latitude 21°47’28”S and longitude 046°53’04”W at altitude 938 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications. The plants were collected and evaluated at weekly intervals from the initial development phase throughout harvesting phase, 53 days after transplanting (DAT). The plants were separated into root system, aerial part and minituber, dried in oven and weighed on an analytical scale in order to obtain the dry mass weight. After drying, the plants were grounded in a mill and submitted to analysis in order to obtain the nutrient extraction for each treatment. The results showed that the nutrient accumulation is influenced by the phase of the crop and the total dry mass weight of plants. The sequence of maximum macronutrient accumulation for the treatments was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S, and for the micronutrient it was: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. The sequence of macronutrient exportation was: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca, and for the micronutrients it was: Fe > Zn > Cu > B > Mn. The hydroponic system allowed to make the nutrients more readly available to the plants, and, as a consequence, higher rates of multiplcation were observed.
5

Efeito de doses de potássio sobre índices de avaliação do estado de nitrogênio e produtividade de batata-semente básica em substrato orgânico e hidroponia / Effect of potassium doses on indices of assessing the state of nitrogen and yield of basic seed-potato in organic substrate and hydroponics

Tufik, Camila Borges Antonio 12 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1517562 bytes, checksum: b53601808a4fd1550697a44b90cc133b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of potassium doses (K) on diagnosis indices of the nitrogen state (N) of potato plants in two production systems: pots containing organic substrate and hydroponic system of three phases. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the critical content of K in the dry matter of the reference leaf (fourth leaf) and quantify the optimal dose of K for the production of minitubercles of the basic seed in both production systems. The systems consisted of planting minitubercles from Ágata cultivar, basic category G0 and type VI in pots containing 3 dm3 of organic substrate BioPlant® Silver serie and minitubercle planting in pots with a capacity of 8.5 L containing washed sand over a layer of 5-7 cm of expanded clay, in hydroponic system. Each system was an experiment. The treatments in pot containing organic substrate consisted of 5 doses of KCl (0; 660; 1320; 1980 and 2640 mg dm-3) and in the hydroponic system the treatments were 5 doses of K (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 mmol L-1). In the system where the organic substrate was used, 20% of N and K doses were applied in the pre-planting and the remaining 80% were divided in 15 equal parts and applied daily, by way of irrigation water from the emergency of plants. In the hydroponic system, the nutrient solution containing the treatments and other nutrients were provided daily since the emergence of plants and the sources utilized were KCl and KNO3. Both experiments were installed in a greenhouse. In the experiment in organic substrate, the determinations made in the fourth leaf at 21 days after the emergence (DAE), the dose of K influenced the nitrogen balance index (NBI), number of leaflets (NL), leaf area (LA), masses of fresh matter (FW) and dry matter (DM). In the experiment in hydroponic system, the indices in the fourth leaf influenced by dose of K were: SPAD, chlorophyll (CHL), NBI, NL, length (L), width (W), fresh mass (FW) and dry matter (DM) and N-NO3 content in petiole sap. In both experiments, at the determination performed in the fourth leaf at 21 DAE, the dose of K did not influence the N content in the dry matter. On this date, the optimal K content in the dry matter of the fourth leaf was 6.62 and 6.17 dag kg-1 for systems in pots with organic and hydroponic substrate, respectively. In both experiments, there was a dose effect of K on the number and mass of the matter of fresh tubercles. In the experiment in pot containing organic substrate, the maximum value of tubercles number was 15.95 and the mass of fresh tubercles per plant was 301.9 g, obtained with the dose 0 mg dm-3 KCl. In the hydroponic systems, the maximum yield per plant was 48.41 tubercles obtained with 6.15 mmol L-1 of K and maximum mass of fresh matter was 646.6 g/plant, obtained with 6.13 mmol L-1 of K. / O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar o efeito de doses de potássio (K) sobre índices de diagnóstico do estado de nitrogênio (N) de plantas de batata em dois sistemas de produção: vasos contendo substrato orgânico e sistema hidropônico de três fases. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se determinar o teor crítico de K na matéria seca da folha de referência (quarta folha) e quantificar a dose ótima de K para a produção de minitubérculos de batata semente-básica nos dois sistemas de produção. Os sistemas constituíram do plantio de minitubérculos da cultivar Ágata, categoria básica G0 e tipo VI, em vasos contendo 3 dm3 do substrato orgânico BioPlant®, série Prata e do plantio de minitubérculos em vasos com capacidade para 8,5L contendo areia lavada sobre uma camada de 5 - 7 cm de argila expandida, em sistema hidropônico. Cada sistema foi um experimento. Os tratamentos em vaso contendo substrato orgânico foram constituídos por 5 doses de KCl (0; 660; 1320; 1980 e 2640 mg dm-3) e no sistema hidropônico os tratamentos foram 5 doses de K (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 mmol L-1). No sistema onde foi utilizado o substrato orgânico, 20% das doses de N e K foram aplicadas em pré-plantio e os 80% restante foram divididas em 15 partes iguais e aplicadas diariamente, via água de irrigação a partir da emergência das plantas. No sistema hidropônico, a solução nutritiva contendo os tratamentos e os demais nutrientes foi fornecida diariamente desde a emergência das plantas e as fontes utilizadas foram KCl e KNO3. Os dois experimentos foram instalados em casa de vegetação. No experimento em substrato orgânico, nas determinações efetuadas na quarta folha, aos 21 dias após a emergência (DAE), a dose de K influenciou o índice de balanço de nitrogênio (NBI), número de folíolos (NFo), área foliar (AF), massas das matérias fresca (MF) e seca (MS). No experimento em sistema hidropônico, os índices na quarta folha influenciados por dose de K foram: SPAD, clorofila (CHL), NBI, NFo, comprimento (C), largura (L), massa da matéria fresca (MF) e seca (MS) e o teor de N-NO3 na seiva do pecíolo. Em ambos os experimentos, na determinação efetuada na quarta folha, aos 21 DAE, a dose de K não influenciou o teor de N na matéria seca. Nesta data, o teor ótimo de K na matéria seca da quarta folha foi 6,62 e 6,17 dag kg-1 para os sistemas em vasos com substrato orgânico e hidropônico, respectivamente. Em ambos os experimentos, houve efeito de dose de K sobre o número e massa da matéria de tubérculos frescos. No experimento em vaso contendo substrato orgânico, o valor máximo do número de tubérculos foi 15,95 e da massa de tubérculos frescos por planta foi 301,9 g, obtidos com a dose 0 mg dm-3 de KCl. No sistema hidropônico, a máxima produtividade por planta foi 48,41 tubérculos obtida com 6,15 mmol L-1 de K e a máxima massa da matéria fresca de tubérculos foi 646,6 g/planta, obtida com 6,13 mmol L-1 de K.
6

Effects of haulm killing and gibberellic acid on seed potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum L.</em>) and techniques for micro- and minituber production in northern latitudes

Virtanen, E. (Elina) 06 May 2014 (has links)
Abstract Seed potato is the starting point in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production chain. In order to secure potato production in a variety of production conditions, plant diseases must be controlled and the yield characteristics of the used cultivars ensured. In addition, production must be cost-effective. Characteristics particular to northern production conditions include long periods of daylight and a short growing season as well as a several months long seed potato storage period. The focus of the present study is on northern production conditions and methods, including haulm killing and sprout control, which are presumed to affect seed potato quality, as well as the initial stages of the seed potato production chain, i.e. micro- and minituber production, which could influence cost-effectiveness and propagation. Haulm killing is one of the methods used in seed potato production to regulate tuber size. It is often carried out on unsenesced plants. The present results, however, indicate that cultivar properties have a greater effect on the sprouting and crop yield of seed potatoes than production-phase haulm killing or temperature sum accumulation. Nevertheless, haulm killing carried out three weeks after flowering (75 DAP) accelerated emergence. When the effect of haulm killing methods on seed potatoes was compared with natural haulm senescence, haulm killing was shown to increase disease pressure. Black scurf (Rhizoctonia Solani) was present in seed tubers whose haulm had been destroyed by mechanical or mechanical-chemical haulm killing. Naturally senesced haulm had less black scurf, and crop quantity and starch content developed to a level typical of the cultivar. Storage periods lasting several months make controlling seed potato sprouting more challenging. Therefore, use of the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) in sprout control was investigated. GA treatments at lower concentration (100 mM) increased the number of tubers in the cultivar Fambo. Thus, the timing of haulm killing and in the case of Fambo, GA treatment influenced the characteristics of seed potatoes. Conventionally, the first tuber generation is produced using microplants to produce minitubers in greenhouses. This production method is, however, labour-intensive, and energy and investment costs are high. With the aim of increasing production efficiency in northern production conditions, the production of minitubers in the laboratory using a novel bioreactor technology and in growth rooms using the hydroponic technique was investigated. The Liquid LabTM Rocker bioreactor system was used in vitro, all the cultivars examined (Asterix, Timo, Van Gogh and Velox) produced microtubers. The quantity of tubers produced per dish varied between 30 (for the cultivar Asterix in eight weeks) and 75 (for the cultivar Velox in 11 weeks). The results showed hydroponic production of minitubers to be successful in indoor conditions: the cultivars Desiree and Van Gogh developed their first tuber three weeks faster than Asterix, and the minituber yield was 4.5 per plant for Desiree, 7.5 for Van Gogh and 4.0 for Asterix. When the results indicate that both the Liquid LabTM Rocker production method and the hydroponic production method are suitable for mass production of seed potatoes. / Tiivistelmä Siemenperuna on lähtökohta perunan (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuotantoketjussa. Jotta perunantuotanto turvataan eri tuotanto-olosuhteissa, on hallittava siemenperunan kasvitaudit, taattava sadontuotto-ominaisuudet ja tuotannon on oltava lisäksi kustannustehokasta. Pohjoisissa tuotanto-olosuhteissa erityispiirteinä ovat valoisuudeltaan pitkät päivät ja kestoltaan lyhyet kasvukaudet. Lisäksi siemenperunoiden varastointijakso kestää useita kuukausia. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin vaikuttavatko pohjoiset tuotanto-olosuhteet tai tuotannossa käytetyt varsistonhävitys tai itämisen hallinta siemenperunoiden laatuominaisuuksiin. Lisäksi selvitettiin siemenperunoiden ensimmäisen mukulasukupolven (mikro- ja minimukula) tuotantoa eri tekniikoilla. Siemenperunatuotannossa varsistonhävitystä käytetään mukulakoon säätelykeinona. Varsistonhävitys tehdään usein tuleentumattomaan kasvustoon. Saatujen tulosten perusteella lajikeominaisuudet vaikuttivat itämiseen ja sadontuotto-ominaisuuksiin enemmän kuin varsistonhävitys tai mukuloihin kerääntynyt lämpösumma. Varsistonhävitys kolme viikkoa kukinnasta (75 päivää istutuksen jälkeen) nopeutti kuitenkin siemenperunoiden taimettumista. Vertailtaessa varsistonhävitysmenetelmien vaikutusta siemenperunaan verranteena kasvuston luontainen tuleentuminen, varsistonhävitys lisäsi kasvitautipainetta. Mekaanis-kemiallisesti ja mekaanisesti varsistonhävityissä satomukuloissa tuli esiin seittirupea (Rhizoctonia solani). Luontaisesti tuleentuneen kasvuston sadoissa oli seittirupea vähemmän ja myös sadon määrä ja tärkkelyspitoisuus kehittyivät lajikkeelle luontaiselle tasolle. Useiden kuukausien varastointijakso vaikeuttaa siemenperunoiden itämisen hallintaa. Kun tutkittiin gibberelliinihapon (GA) käyttöä itämisen hallintaan, alhaisemman konsentraation (100mM) GA –käsittely lisäsi Fambo –lajikkeen mukulalukumäärää. Tulosten perusteella varsistonhävityksen ajoittamisella ja GA –käsittelyllä (Fambo –lajike) vaikutettiin siemenperunoiden ominaisuuksiin. Siemenperunan ensimmäisen mukulasukupolven eli minimukuloiden tuottaminen tapahtuu perinteisesti kasvihuonekasvatuksena mikrokasveista. Tuotantotapa on työvoima-, energia- ja invetointikustannuksia vaativaa. Tuotannon tehostamiseksi pohjoisissa tuotanto-olosuhteissa tutkittiin mikro- ja minimukuloiden tuotantoa eri teknologioilla. Mikromukuloita tuotettiin bioreaktorimenetelmällä laboratoriossa ja minimukuloita hydroponisella menetelmällä kasvatushuoneissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että kaikki tutkitut lajikkeet (Asterix, Timo, Van Gogh ja Velox) tuottivat bioreaktorissa mikromukuloita. Mikromukuloiden määrä vaihteli 30:sta (Asterix, 8 viikon kasvatus) 75:een (Velox, 11 viikon kasvatus). Myös minimukuloiden hydroponinen tuotanto sisätiloissa on mahdollista; kaikki lajikkeet muodostivat mukuloita, Desiree ja Van Gogh 3 viikkoa nopeammin kuin Asterix. Desiree tuotti minimukuloita 4.5 kpl/kasvi, Van Gogh 7.5 ja Asterix 4.0. Tulokset osoittavat, että molemmat menetelmät (bioreaktori ja hydroponinen) soveltuvat mikro- ja minimukuloiden massatuotantoon.

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