Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia_texto.pdf: 2638877 bytes, checksum: 43437bc40d15ec7df358c7a26ec72a0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-18 / One of the biggest problems in the production of soya is to get a vigorous seed that can emerge under wide range of conditions in the field. If some factor threatens seed germination and seedling emergence, it threatens also the stand of crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the tests used to identify vigor in soybean seeds relating after comparison, tests that can be used with lower cost and faster results, and establish a model that correlates seeds vigor given in the laboratory with field emergence. The work was conducted at the Laboratory for Seeds and Plants Evaluation (LASP), Unioeste - Campus Cascavel and in field at the COODETEC Central Cooperative for Agricultural Research, in Cascavel. Soybean seeds were harvested with mechanical harvesters. Five cultivars of soybeans produced in crop year 08/09 from COODETEC, under the same conditions of management and harvesting and with different morphological characteristics were used. The tests used included determination of moisture content, germination, emergence in sand, purity, immersion in sodium hypochlorite, accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, cold test, seedling growth, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, emergence percentage and seedling length in field and seedling dry weight. The experimental design used for tests was randomized and the resulting means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance level. It was observed from the results that the three cultivars that stood out in most of tests also showed better field emergence. Among the analyzed tests, it can be concluded that the controlled deterioration, tetrazolium, purity, germination speed index emergence speed and emergence speed coefficient in sand showed closer to the emergency response in field. A multiple regression model was then adjusted to account for the emergence in the field, which included the emergence speed in sand (ES), the germination speed index (GSI) and the emergence speed index in sand as variables correlating better seed vigor with field emergence. / Um dos maiores problemas na produção de sementes de soja é obter uma semente vigorosa que possa emergir sob larga faixa de condições no campo. Se algum fator compromete a germinação das sementes e a emergência das plântulas, compromete, também, o estande da cultura. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar testes utilizados para a identificação de vigor em sementes de soja, relacionando, após a comparação, testes que possam proporcionar resultados mais rápidos, e estabelecer um modelo que correlacione o vigor das sementes determinado em laboratório com a emergência em campo. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Avaliação de Sementes e Plantas (LASP) da Unioeste campus de Cascavel e em campo, na COODETEC Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola, no município de Cascavel. Foram utilizados cinco cultivares de soja, produzidos no ano agrícola 08/09, oriundos da COODETEC, sob iguais condições de manejo e colheita (mecânica) e com características morfológicas diferenciadas. Os testes empregados foram determinação do teor de água, germinação, emergência em areia, pureza, imersão em hipoclorito de sódio, envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada, teste de frio, crescimento de plântulas, condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, porcentagem de emergência e comprimento das plântulas no campo e massa seca de plântula. O delineamento experimental, utilizado para os testes foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se a partir dos resultados que as três cultivares que se destacaram na maioria dos testes, também apresentaram melhor emergência em campo. Dentre os testes analisados pode-se concluir que envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada e tetrazólio, apresentaram respostas mais próximas a emergência em campo. Pela análise de correlação pode-se concluir que as melhores correlações com emergência em campo foram observadas pelos testes de deterioração controlada, velocidade de emergência em areia, coeficiente de velocidade de emergência em areia, envelhecimento acelerado, índice de velocidade de germinação e tetrazólio para sementes sem danos. O modelo de regressão múltipla ajustado para explicar a emergência em campo contemplou a velocidade de emergência em areia (VE), o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e o índice de velocidade de emergência em areia (IVE), como variáveis que correlacionam melhor o vigor das sementes com a emergência em campo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia_texto.pdf: 2638877 bytes, checksum: 43437bc40d15ec7df358c7a26ec72a0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-18 / One of the biggest problems in the production of soya is to get a vigorous seed that can emerge under wide range of conditions in the field. If some factor threatens seed germination and seedling emergence, it threatens also the stand of crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the tests used to identify vigor in soybean seeds relating after comparison, tests that can be used with lower cost and faster results, and establish a model that correlates seeds vigor given in the laboratory with field emergence. The work was conducted at the Laboratory for Seeds and Plants Evaluation (LASP), Unioeste - Campus Cascavel and in field at the COODETEC Central Cooperative for Agricultural Research, in Cascavel. Soybean seeds were harvested with mechanical harvesters. Five cultivars of soybeans produced in crop year 08/09 from COODETEC, under the same conditions of management and harvesting and with different morphological characteristics were used. The tests used included determination of moisture content, germination, emergence in sand, purity, immersion in sodium hypochlorite, accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, cold test, seedling growth, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, emergence percentage and seedling length in field and seedling dry weight. The experimental design used for tests was randomized and the resulting means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance level. It was observed from the results that the three cultivars that stood out in most of tests also showed better field emergence. Among the analyzed tests, it can be concluded that the controlled deterioration, tetrazolium, purity, germination speed index emergence speed and emergence speed coefficient in sand showed closer to the emergency response in field. A multiple regression model was then adjusted to account for the emergence in the field, which included the emergence speed in sand (ES), the germination speed index (GSI) and the emergence speed index in sand as variables correlating better seed vigor with field emergence. / Um dos maiores problemas na produção de sementes de soja é obter uma semente vigorosa que possa emergir sob larga faixa de condições no campo. Se algum fator compromete a germinação das sementes e a emergência das plântulas, compromete, também, o estande da cultura. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar testes utilizados para a identificação de vigor em sementes de soja, relacionando, após a comparação, testes que possam proporcionar resultados mais rápidos, e estabelecer um modelo que correlacione o vigor das sementes determinado em laboratório com a emergência em campo. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Avaliação de Sementes e Plantas (LASP) da Unioeste campus de Cascavel e em campo, na COODETEC Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola, no município de Cascavel. Foram utilizados cinco cultivares de soja, produzidos no ano agrícola 08/09, oriundos da COODETEC, sob iguais condições de manejo e colheita (mecânica) e com características morfológicas diferenciadas. Os testes empregados foram determinação do teor de água, germinação, emergência em areia, pureza, imersão em hipoclorito de sódio, envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada, teste de frio, crescimento de plântulas, condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, porcentagem de emergência e comprimento das plântulas no campo e massa seca de plântula. O delineamento experimental, utilizado para os testes foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se a partir dos resultados que as três cultivares que se destacaram na maioria dos testes, também apresentaram melhor emergência em campo. Dentre os testes analisados pode-se concluir que envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada e tetrazólio, apresentaram respostas mais próximas a emergência em campo. Pela análise de correlação pode-se concluir que as melhores correlações com emergência em campo foram observadas pelos testes de deterioração controlada, velocidade de emergência em areia, coeficiente de velocidade de emergência em areia, envelhecimento acelerado, índice de velocidade de germinação e tetrazólio para sementes sem danos. O modelo de regressão múltipla ajustado para explicar a emergência em campo contemplou a velocidade de emergência em areia (VE), o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e o índice de velocidade de emergência em areia (IVE), como variáveis que correlacionam melhor o vigor das sementes com a emergência em campo.

Prime Hard wheat, a high protein hard wheat classification of the Australian Wheat Board, has traditionally been grown in Queensland and the northern areas of New South Wales. Recently there have been moves to extend this area into the more southern regions of the wheat belt, to expand production of this grain and for greater reliability of supply. The emphasis of this thesis is on the opportunities and constraints to Prime Hard wheat production in South Australia. The environmental factors affecting wheat crops in South Australia are different to those in the traditional Prime Hard producing areas, with heat and moisture stress likely to be the most important climatic influences. Management practices such as the recent trends towards higher seeding densities could also be important (influencing main stem and tiller ratios). An experiment using controlled temperature and moisture conditions showed that main stems and tillers differed in their responses to post-anthesis heat and drought. A field experiment with moisture stress as the only treatment also showed differences in harvest parameters and grain quality between main stems and tillers. Grain produced from field plots at different plant densities showed significant differences in a number of quality measurements, the most important being 1000-grain weight and flour colour. Less screenings and higher 1000-grain weights were obtained from plots with higher seeding rates. However, flour from plots with higher seeding rates had slightly more yellow colour. When main stems and tillers from these plots were tested separately, using small-scale equipment, grain weight and flour colour also differed between main stems and tillers. Main stems produced larger grains than tillers, as expected, and tillers produced grains with yellower flour. The smaller grain size and yellower flour of the tillers is attributed to the higher degree of stress likely to be experienced by tillers, as they have later anthesis dates and are more likely to experience moisture, and/or heat stress at a critical stage of grain filling. Plants with more tillers, such as those grown in a low-density crop, have a later average anthesis date than an equivalent crop of higher seeding density, with more main stems. Therefore it is likely that increasing seeding density will give a shorter crop ripening period and a more uniform seed quality. However, care must be taken not to exceed the optimum plant population density. In conclusion, the experiments showed that tillers are more sensitive to conditions of moisture or heat stress than main stems, and that they make a measurable contribution to the quality of a wheat crop. Increasing the crop density decreased the proportion of tillers present, leading to a more uniform crop and less screenings at harvest. Increased competition in high-density crops may result in slightly more yellow flour, but dough and loaf quality were not affected. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.

The biochemical changes taking place during soybean seed development and gennination, and some aspects of desiccation tolerance were assessed with reference to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems. During nonnal seed development, fresh weight and dry weight increased between 20 and 50 days after flowering (DAF), concomitant with the accumulation of triacylglycerols and sugar reserves, after which dry weight remained almost unchanged, and fresh weight decreased. Seed moisture content decreased rapidly during the last stages of development. High levels of lipid peroxidation were evident between 20 and 45 DAF, and decreased thereafter. An examination of antioxidant systems revealed that whereas total glutathione levels accumulated continuously throughout the 80 days of seed development, both dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) reductase and ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductase increased concurrently with the increase in total ascorbate content, and the overall levels did not decrease markedly during maturation drying. Ascorbate peroxidase (ASC POD) activity was high during the period ofgreatest ascorbate accumulation. Both catalase (CAn and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased progressively during early seed development (20-40 DAF), but showed variable patterns of change during maturational drying, in marked contrast to ASC POD which declined from 40 DAF to undetectable levels at 70 DAF. An assessment of the relationship between the antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation was made during imbibition and gennination, as it has been suggested that controlling free radicals was a critical event in early imbibition. Unexpectedly, lipid peroxidation increased progressively in both seeds and isolated axes, and were eight-fold higher at 48 hours of imbibition compared to dry tissues. A progressive, and co-ordinated, increase in CAT, total glutathione, total ascorbate pool, guaiacol POD, ASC POD, and SOD appeared to parallel the rise in lipid peroxidation in both whole seeds and axes. Variable responses were evident between seeds and axes for the enzymes AFR reductase and DHA reductase In order to gain a further insight into the dynamics of desiccation-tolerance and desiccationsensitivity, imbibing seeds were subjected to an unscheduled dehydration treatment, and then rehydrated for up to 24 hours. During these hydration-dehydration-rehydration (H-D-R) treatments, changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems were measured. Concurrent with the loss of viability in the axes of seeds dehydrated after 24 and 36 hours of imbibition, there were increases in both lipid peroxidation and solute leakage. Unscheduled drying was seen to be a critical stage, as intolerant axes showed four- to eightfold increases in lipid peroxidation, which were only partially reduced on subsequent rehydration. Tolerant axes, on the other hand, were able to maintain low, basal levels of lipid hydroperoxides on drying. The relationship between these observations and the antioxidant systems showed that the antioxidant enzymes CAT, ASC POD, AFR reductase, DHA reductase, guaiacol POD and SOD declined markedly during the unscheduled drying, whereas GSH and ASC declined only slightly. On rehydration, most of the enzymes, total glutathione, and total ascorbate pool increased, the only exception being the loss of ASC POD activity. ORA reductase, which was seen to decrease as a part of nonnal gennination, declined progressively also in H-D-R treatments. These results suggested that loss of viability was not attributable to a decline of the antioxidant systems but rather to the combined deleterious effects of increased lipid peroxidation, and a generalized and moderately compromised antioxidant system. These studies have indicated that the occurrence of lipid peroxidation can be seen as a nonnal part of seed development and gennination. The H-D-R studies, on the other hand, supported the concept that the balance between peroxidation reactions and the protective systems was critical to the development of desiccation tolerance. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

[Truncated abstract] Faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) ranks third worldwide in overall production among coolseason legume crops and is used as a main source of protein both for food and feed purposes in many parts of the world. Australia is a major exporter of faba beans and the price received depends on the quality of the seed especially colour of the seed coat. Consumers don?t like faba beans that are dark coloured or that have blemishes on the seed coat. Environmental staining and storage discolouration deteriorate seed colour causing substantial economic losses to growers and grain handlers. To investigate the influence of environmental conditions, especially during pod/seed development and maturity, on the degree of environmental staining, field trials were conducted using four faba bean varieties (Fiord, Fiesta, Ascot and Cairo) in a range of environmental conditions under the Mediterranean-type climate of south western Australian grain belt. Although a majority of seeds had good colour but 3-25% were stained up to an unacceptable level across the trials and this varied with location and variety. Seeds formed later in plant development (located on the upper nodes of the plant) were more stained than seeds formed earlier (located on the lower nodes). This may be due to end of season environmental factors, such as high temperature and light intensity, and water and nutrient stress. Similarly seeds formed on small and weak plants, which may have developed under stressful conditions, had more staining than seeds formed on normal sized and healthy plants. Genotypic variation was also evident with Fiord showing greater staining than Ascot, Fiesta and Cairo. The cause of environmental staining appears to be complex but was associated with phenolic contents. Storage discolouration was influenced by a number of factors including temperature, seed moisture content, light and storage period and these were critical in determining storage life. ... Faba bean hardness, examined by the hard-to-cook test, also increased with increased storage temperature. There was a high negative correlation (r2 = 0.98) between storage temperature and cooking ability of faba bean. There was a three-fold increase in lignin content of faba bean stored at 50°C compared to those stored at 5°C and it was correlated with bean hardness (r2 = 0.98). Reduction in free phenolics was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.75) with bean hardness. The environmental staining in faba bean can be minimized with correct choice of varieties, robust agronomic practices to establish and maintain healthy plants and the use of mechanical graders and colour sorters. For minimizing storage discolouration faba beans must be dehydrated to ≤12% seed moisture content and stored in insulated bins (silos) or at least bins painted white and constructed under trees shades. In addition occasional flushing with N2 will further help reduce the colour darkening. The above approaches will improve quality, market opportunities, price and hence profitability of faba bean in the farming systems.

CAPES / A investigação científica na área de tecnologia de sementes é baseada em técnicas que visem a redução de custos e de tempo, padronização, aperfeiçoamento e estabelecimento dos métodos de análise, mantendo um alto nível de confiabilidade dos resultados. O presente estudo buscou elucidar a confiabilidade dos testes de condutividade elétrica e pH do exsudato comparado com o teste clássico de germinação, sendo este desenvolvido na forma de dois estudos separados, porém interrelacionados entre si, quanto aos seus objetivos finais. O material experimental do presente estudo foi composto por sementes das espécies Aspidosperma parvifolium (guatambu), Aspidosperma polyneuron (peroba-rosa), Cabralea canjerana (canjerana), Cariniana legalis (jequitibá), Gallesia integrifolia (pau-d'alho), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo), Lonchocarpus campestris (rabo-de-bugio) e Pterogyne nitens (amendoim-do-campo). A qualidade fisiológica das sementes das espécies estudadas foi avaliada por meio dos teste de condutividade elétrica e pH do exsudato pelos métodos massal e individual, sendo comparados e correlacionados com o resultado obtido no teste de germinação. Desta forma, as mesmas sementes avaliadas foram postas para germinar permitindo a comparação dos resultados entre os testes. Além dos métodos testados, foram avaliados os períodos de embebição das sementes para leitura da condutividade e do pH, as quais corresponderam a 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 e 48 horas. O teste de condutividade elétrica se mostrou eficiente em ambos os métodos utilizados para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes das espécies estudadas quando comparado ao teste padrão de germinação. O teste de pH do exsudato aplicado pelo método individual se mostrou mais eficiente e criterioso para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes das espécies estudadas, do que o método massal. Para as espécies Gallesia integrifolia, Cariniana legalis e Lonchocarpus campestris os testes de pH do exsudato não foram eficientes devido a fraca ou inesixtente correlação entre a germinação e o pH do meio. / The scientific research in seed technology is based on techniques that aim the reduction of costs and time, standardization, improvement and establishment of analytical methods while maintaining a high level of reliability of the results. This study sought to elucidate the reliability of electrical conductivity and pH of the exudate compared to the classic germination test, which was developed in two separate studies, however interrelated with each other, as to their final goals. The experimental material of this study consisted of seeds of the species Aspidosperma parvifolium (guatambu), Aspidosperma polyneuron (peroba-rosa), Cabralea canjerana (canjerana), Cariniana legalis (jequitibá), Gallesia integrifolia (pau-d'alho), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo), Lonchocarpus campestris (rabo-de-bugio) and Pterogyne nitens (amendoim-do-campo). The physiological quality of the studied seed species was evaluated through the electrical conductivity and pH test of the exudate by mass and individual methods being compared and correlated with the results obtained in the germination test. In addition to the tested methods, imbibition periods of the seeds were evaluated for conductivity and pH, which corresponded to 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was efficient in both of the used methods to evaluate the physiological quality of the studied seed species when compared to the standard germination test. The pH test of the exudate applied by the individual method was more efficient and thorough to evaluate the physiological quality of the studied seed species, than the mass method. For the species Gallesia integrifolia, Cariniana legalis and Lonchocarpus campestris the pH tests of the exudate tests were not efficient due to poor or absent correlation between germination and pH.

Orientador: Marco Antônio Martim Biaggioni / Banca: Claudio Cavariani / Banca: Flavio Meira Borem / Resumo: Pesquisas visando a redução de perdas durante o armazenamento têm ocupado destaque em vários países. Dentro deste contexto, a avaliação da eficácia de um índice de qualidade de boa aplicabilidade, com metodologia simples e de resposta imediata visando tomadas rápidas de decisão é de suma importância. O presente trabalho, conduzido no Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas - UNESP, Botucatu/SP teve como objetivos: (a) testar a eficácia do índice de acidez graxa segundo diferentes fontes de deterioração de grãos de arroz, ao longo de um período de armazenamento. (b) estabelecer correspondência entre o nível de ácidos graxos livres e as classes de vigor em sementes; (c) estabelecer correspondência entre o nível de ácidos graxos livres e a classificação comercial por tipos, em grãos de arroz. A avaliação da eficácia do método da acidez graxa em grãos de arroz foi realizada em lotes danificados artificialmente (dano mecânico, térmico, por insetos e por microrganismos), e mantidos armazenados por um período de 150 dias. Como referência, foram utilizados os testes índice de acidez da farinha, rendimento de inteiros, porcentagem de infestação, análise sanitária ("Blotter test") e classificação visual de trinca interna (diafanoscópio). A correspondência entre o nível de ácidos livres e as classes de vigor em sementes foi avaliada utilizando-se sementes degeneradas artificialmente, obtendo-se assim níveis diferenciados de vigor. A correspondência entre o nível de ácidos graxos livres e a classificação por tipos, em grãos de arroz, foi realizada utilizando-se amostras de arroz com as porcentagens máximas de grãos "defeituosos" permitidos pela legislação vigente. Utilizou-se a análise de variância de um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, formados pelos "momentos de avaliação" e "fontes de deterioração"... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Researches aiming at decreasing losses in storage have been accentuated in several countries. Within this context, evaluation of the efficiency of a good applicability quality level with simple methodology and direct response is much important. The present study was carried out at the Agricultural Products Processing Laboratory - UNESP, Botucatu/SP, with the objective to: a) test the efficacy of fat acidity rate in different deterioration sources of rice grains in storage. B) establish a relation between the levels of free fatty acids and the seeds vigor classes; c) establish the relation between the level of free fatty acids and commercial classification through types in rice grains. The effectiviness evaluation of the fat acidity method in rice grains was done in samples of rice artificially damaged (mechanical, thermal, by insects and micro-organisms damages) and stored during 150 days. As referrence, it was used the tests of flour acidity rate, WHOLE GRAINS YIELD, infestation percentage, sanitary analysis (Blotter test) and visual classification of internal fissures (diaphanoscope). The correspondence between the free fatty acids and seeds vigor classes was assessed by using seeds artificially degenerated, obtaining different vigor rates. The relation between the level of free fatty acids and classification through types in rice grains was done by using samples of rice with the maximum percentage of " blemished" grains allowed by the legislation in force. It was used the variance analysis in a completely randomized outline made up by "evaluation moments" and "deterioration sources", and, for means comparison, it was used the Turkeyþs test at 5% of probability. The results from the test of efficacy of the fat acidity method in different deterioration sources showed a significant effect of the mechanical, thermal and fungus damage treatments on the proof... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientadores: João Domingos Biagi, Leila Martins / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:49:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CavalcanteFilho_FranciscoNahum_D.pdf: 1278202 bytes, checksum: 2ff48dadb1373517d2547b3e8757598f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O revestimento constitui-se num grande avanço na produção tecnológica de sementes, inclusive de forrageiras. Apesar da crescente utilização dessa tecnologia pelas empresas produtoras de sementes nos últimos anos, poucas são as informações publicadas em relação ao comportamento de sementes revestidas durante o período de armazenamento. Os experimentos foram realizados na Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola - FEAGRI/UNICAMP, com o objetivo de obter informações adicionais sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick e Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, submetidas a diferentes tratamentos. No início e após 45, 90, 135, 180, 270 e 360 dias de armazenamento nas temperaturas ambiente, 30°C e 40°C, as sementes foram submetidas às avaliações do grau de umidade (U), germinação (G), viabilidade-tetrazólio (TZ), envelhecimento acelerado (EA), primeira contagem de germinação (1ªCG), emergência das plântulas em areia (E), comprimento da parte aérea das plântulas (CPA), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), peso seco da plântula (PSP), peso de mil sementes (PMS) e atividade de água (Aw). Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento e três temperaturas de armazenamento. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste de Tukey para comparação das médias, em nível de 5% de probabilidade. Na avaliação do início do período de armazenamento as sementes tratadas tiveram resultados em valores absolutos superiores à testemunha, com superação da dormência para as duas espécies, sem diferenças estatísticas significativas. As sementes incrustadas tiveram redução acentuada do seu grau de umidade, com média de 2,80 para Brachiaria humidicola e de 2,90 para Brachiaria brizantha ao longo do armazenamento. Os maiores porcentuais de germinação ocorreram em períodos distintos para as espécies, aos 270 dias para Brachiaria humidicola e aos 135 dias para Brachiaria brizantha. A escarificação química das sementes com ácido sulfúrico é uma alternativa de tratamento se a intenção for realizar a semeadura até 45 dias após a colheita. Para armazenamento por períodos mais longos, a técnica de revestimento por incrustação é uma importante alternativa, pois não prejudica a germinação e permite a adição de diversos produtos químicos à semente, aumentando o seu valor agregado / Abstract: The coating is to be a major technological breakthrough in the production of seeds, including grasses. Despite the increasing use of technology by seed companies in recent years, there are few published information about the behavior of coated seeds during the storage period. The experiments were performed at the College of Agricultural Engineering, FEAGRI/ UNICAMP, in order of obtaining information about the physiology quality of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick and Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. seeds, submitted to different treatments. At the beginning and after 45, 90, 135, 180, 270 and 360 days of storage at ambient conditions and at temperatures of 30°C and 40°C. The seeds were evaluated by moisture content, germination, feasibility-tetrazolium, accelerated aging, first count germination, seedling emergence in sand, seedling length, speed of emergency index, seedlings dry weight, thousand seeds weight and water activity. A completely randomized design with four replications per treatment and three storage temperatures. Was used statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The assessment at the beginning of storage the treated seeds were found to have absolute values greater than control, with dormancy for both species, no statistically significant differences. The incrusted seeds were embedded substantially reducing the moisture content, averaging 2.80 for Brachiaria humidicola and 2.90 for Brachiaria brizantha during storage. The highest percentage of germination occurred at different times for the species, to 270 days for Brachiaria humidicola and 135 days for Brachiaria brizantha. The chemical scarification of seeds with sulfuric acid is an alternative treatment if the intention is either to sow until 45 days after harvest. To store for longer periods, the technique of incrusting is an important alternative, since not affect the germination and allows the addition of various chemicals to the seed, increasing its aggregate value / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Orientadores: João Domingos Biagi, Claudio José Barbedo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T22:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Parisi_JoaoJoseDias_D.pdf: 700508 bytes, checksum: 9956b2ce3f085d143589b761f27c7d01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O elevado metabolismo dificulta a manutenção da viabilidade de sementes de Inga vera. As principais estratégias para a conservação dessas sementes durante o armazenamento consistem na desidratação parcial, na adição de ácido abscísico, no uso de solução de polietileno glicol e de baixas temperaturas. Contudo, tais condições ainda podem conduzir à deterioração, tanto pela atividade do seu próprio metabolismo, como pelo desenvolvimento de micro-organismos favorecidos pela umidade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o grau de interferência dos fungos no metabolismo respiratório dos embriões de Inga vera com diferentes níveis de hidratação e a eficiência do tratamento com fungicidas, visando à manutenção da viabilidade durante o armazenamento. Para tanto, os embriões foram obtidos em três anos, sendo em 2009 colhidos em duas fases distintas de maturação (imaturos e maduros), submetidos a dois níveis de secagem, tratados ou não com carboxin + thiram e armazenados sob 7 e 25 oC por até 65 dias. Em 2010, foram colhidos maduros, submetidos a quatro níveis de secagem, tratados ou não com carbendazin + thiram e armazenados a 7 ºC por 120 dias. Nos experimentos de avaliação da respiração, os embriões obtidos em 2010 foram tratados ou não com carbendazin + thiram, mortos ou não por congelamento e inoculados ou não com Aspergillus flavus. Os colhidos em 2011 foram mantidos sem secagem e tratados ou não com carbendazin + thiram e a respiração foi avaliada a 7 e a 25 ºC. Constatou-se que a incidência de fungos, principalmente Fusarium oxysporum, juntamente com o teor de água e a temperatura influenciam nas taxas respiratórias dos embriões de I. vera maduros e que o tratamento com carbendazin + thiram, na dose de 80 mL do produto comercial para 100 kg de embriões, é eficiente na manutenção da viabilidade de embriões maduros e sem secagem, a 7 ºC por 120 dias. Pestalotiopis sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis diachenii e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides aparecem durante o armazenamento, simultaneamente à deterioração dos embriões de I. vera. O desenvolvimento de fungos em embriões de I. vera difere do padrão clássico definido com base em sementes ortodoxas / Abstract: The high metabolism hinders the maintenance of Inga vera seeds viability. The main strategies for the conservation of these seeds during storage consist of the partial dehydration, addition of abscisic acid, use of polietileno glicol solution and of low temperatures. However, such storage conditions can lead to further deterioration of the seed, either by the activity of its own metabolism, as the development of microorganisms favored by moisture. This study aimed to analyze the degree of interference of fungi on the respiratory metabolism of Inga vera embryos with different levels of hydration and the efficiency of fungicide treatment, as maintaining these embryos viability during storage. The embryos were obtained in three years. In 2009 they were collected in two distinct stages of maturation (immature and mature), subjected to two drying levels, treated or not treated with carboxin + thiram and stored at 7 and 25 º C for up to 65 days. In 2010 the embryos were collected mature, subjected to four drying levels, treated or not treated with carbendazin + thiram and stored at 7 º C for 120 days. In the experiments carried out to evaluate the respiration, the embryos obtained in 2010, were treated or not treated with carbendazin + thiram, killed or not by freezing and inoculated or not with Aspergillus flavus. The embryos collected in 2011 were kept without drying, treated or not treated with carbendazin + thiram and respiration was evaluated at 7 and 25 ° C. It was found that the incidence of fungi, primarily Fusarium oxysporum, together with the water content and temperature influence respiration rates of mature embryos of I. vera and that the treatment with carbendazin + thiram at the dose of 80 mL of the commercial product to 100 kg of embryos is effective for maintaining the viability of mature embryos without drying at 7 ° C for 120 days. Pestalotiopis sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis diachenii and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are detected during the storage time, along with the deterioration of the embryos of I. vera. The development of fungi on embryos of I. vera differs from the classic pattern verified for orthodox seeds / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_franciele_olivo.pdf: 374136 bytes, checksum: e7414f9f61743a8705292951c7ef7a1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / Genetic variability in beans have great importance in breeding programs to improve productivity traits and can be used to improve the seeds laboratory manipulation work. Regarding the seeds, the cultivated beans offer great variability, presenting a variety of grain shapes, size and color, however, greater knowledge of how these factors affect the current procedures adopted by the analysis of seed is required. Therefore, the aim of this essay was to quantify the genetic variability among different genotypes of beans from southern Brazil, cultivated and crioulos , for traits related to the physical and physiological quality of the seeds. The results of this study show variability among the genotypes studied, both for phenotypic traits as regarding those evaluated in the laboratory as indicative of seeds quality. The genetic distance in beans is in large part a result of the traits that discriminate the size and shape of seeds, as the thickness of the skin is highly correlated with traits that show the size and shape of bean seeds. Genotypes as Iraí, Chocolate Sobradinho, Vermelho Itajaí, Preto Comprido and Vermelho Escuro, by presenting great genetic variability in relation to others employed in the study are indicated in order of increasing genetic variability of beans. Traits considered as indicative of seeds strength such as CE, TG, CP and EA do not maintain association with traits that show size and shape of seeds. / Os estudos de variabilidade genética em feijão apresentam grande importância na tomada de decisão no melhoramento das características de produtividade e podem ser utilizados visando o aprimoramento da qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Em relação aos caracteres da semente, o feijão cultivado oferece grande variabilidade, apresentando grãos das mais variadas formas e tamanhos, porém, é necessário maiores conhecimentos de como este fator influencia nos procedimentos para obtenção de sementes de alta qualidade. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variabilidade genética entre diferentes genótipos de feijão do sul do Brasil, melhorados e crioulos, para caracteres relacionados à qualidade física e fisiológica da semente. Os resultados deste trabalho revelam variabilidade entre os genótipos estudados, tanto para os caracteres fenotípicos quanto em relação àqueles avaliados em laboratório como indicativos de qualidade de sementes. A distância genética em feijão é resultante em grande parte por caracteres que discriminam o tamanho e a forma das sementes, assim como a espessura do tegumento esta altamente correlacionada com caracteres que revelam o tamanho e forma das sementes de feijão. Genótipos como Iraí, Chocolate Sobradinho, Vermelho Itajaí, Preto Comprido e Vermelho Escuro, por apresentarem grande variabilidade genética em relação aos demais empregados no estudo, são indicados como forma de ampliar a variabilidade genética em feijão. Caracteres avaliados como indicativos de vigor de sementes como Emergência a Campo, Teste de Germinação, Comprimento de Plântulas e Envelhecimento Acelerado não mantém associação com caracteres que revelam tamanho e forma das sementes, por outro lado o teste de frio apresenta estreita ligação com a espessura do tegumento e tamanho da sementes.