The experimental research presented in this dissertation aims to develop a new rubber&ndash / based seismic isolator type on the basis of the idea that the damping of a conventional annular elastomeric bearing (EB) can be increased by filling its central core with small diameter steel balls, which dissipate energy via friction inside the confined hole of the bearing during their movements under horizontal loads. The proposed bearing type is called &ldquo / Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)&rdquo / . A large set of BRBs with different geometrical and material properties are manufactured and tested under reversed cyclic horizontal loading at different vertical compressive load levels. Effect of supplementary confinement in the central hole of the bearing to performance of BRB is studied by performing some additional tests. Test results are used to develop design equations for BRB. A detailed non-linear finite element model is developed to verify the test results. The proposed analytical model is determined to simulate the structural hysteretic behaviour of the bearings. In design of BRBs, the proposed design guideline can be used in conjunction with the proposed non-linear finite element analysis. Extensive test results indicate that steel balls do not only increase the energy dissipation capacity of the elastomeric bearing (EB) but also increase its horizontal and vertical stiffness. It is also observed that the energy dissipation capacity of a BRB does not degrade as the number of loading cycles increases, which indicates remarkably reliable seismic performance.

Rubber material used in seismic isolation systems has a tendency to stiffen in cold climate conditions. Structural responses of rubber based seismic isolation bearings are known to be temperature dependent. The main focus of this research is to investigate the temperature related behavior shifts at a certain type of a rubber based seismic isolation system. This research is a complementary study to a recent experimental study on a newly developed seismic isolator called &ldquo / Ball Rubber Bearing&rdquo / (BRB). BRBs can be easily manufactured as in the case of a standard rubber based bridge bearing and can provide adequate energy dissipation during an earthquake. However, structural response of BRBs at low temperatures has not been examined yet. In this research, behavior of BRBs exposed to different temperatures is examined under combined axial and cyclic lateral load. The performance of the specimens used in this study, &ldquo / Elastomeric Bearing&rdquo / (EB) and &ldquo / Ball Rubber Bearing&rdquo / (BRB) are compared with each other and also with previous researches conducted in this topic. The results indicated that BRBs show better performance at low temperatures in terms of energy dissipation compared to room temperature performance. Big size bearings have higher energy dissipation per cycle compared to small size bearings by reason of size effect. The higher damping percentage is observed at the small size bearings compared to big size bearings due to better confinement of the inner core. As a result of temperature records heat exchange is not detected in the rubber during cyclic loading.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17137号 / 工博第3627号 / 新制||工||1551(附属図書館) / 29876 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査）教授 小池 武, 教授 杉浦 邦征, 准教授 五十嵐 晃 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

En el presente estudio se realizó un modelamiento de un hospital de base aislada con el aislador elastomérico núcleo de plomo (LRB) de 6 pisos, como medida de protección para obtener menores daños y pérdidas económicas en cuanto a la estructura, ya que un hospital debe garantizar una funcionabilidad continua a cualquier evento sísmico, además, de ser un establecimiento muy importante que alberga a muchas personas. Esta investigación está formulada bajo las pautas del código ASCE 7-16 y SISCF. La investigación está validada por modelos informáticos de hospitales aislados, en lo que se detallara el modelamiento y las propiedades correspondientes del aislador núcleo de plomo, mejorando así su rendimiento sísmico. Los resultados son favorables, con reducciones en las derivas y cortantes de base / In the present study, an isolated base hospital was modeled with the 6-story lead core elastomeric insulator (Lead Rubber Bearing), as a protection measure to obtain less damage and economic losses in terms of structure, since a hospital must guarantee continuous functionality to any seismic event, in addition to being a very important establishment that houses many people. This research is formulated under the ASCE 7-16 and SISCF code guidelines. The research is validated by computer models from isolated hospitals, detailing the modeling and the corresponding properties of the lead core insulator, thus improving its seismic performance. The results are favorable, with reductions in drifts and base shear. / Trabajo de investigación

En muchos países sufren bastantes movimientos sísmicos, que en algunos casos de severa intensidad, que han ocasionado pérdidas de vidas humanas, económicas. Por ello, se realiza el diseño de edificaciones para soportar sismo de gran intensidad y que el comportamiento de la estructura sea inelástico, para que no pueda colapsar y permita la evacuación de las personas. Ante esta situación, la estructura queda severamente dañada y el costo de reparación es alto. En las últimas décadas, se ha generado sistemas de protecciones sísmicas, lo que engloba un amplio estudio de variedades y tipos de investigaciones. Uno de los temas más estudiados son los sistemas de aisladores sísmicos, ya que separa la superestructura del suelo, es decir que los desplazamientos y aceleraciones de la estructura y del suelo son diferentes. En este estudio se propone el uso del sistema de aisladores sísmicos, con el uso del aislador elastomérico con núcleo de plomo (Lead Rubber Bearing, siglas en ingles LRB), se hace el diseño del aislador de un edificio de concreto armado de diferentes alturas (6, 8 y 10 pisos) con 4 normas de diferentes países (NTP E.031, NCh 2745, ASCE 7-16 y NZS 1170.5). Para poder identificar los factores de mayor importancia en un diseño de aislador. Finalmente, se realiza la comparación de las derivas, desplazamientos y aceleraciones. / In many countries they suffer quite a few seismic movements, which in some cases of severe intensity, that have caused loss of human lives, economic losses. For this reason, buildings are designed to withstand high-intensity earthquakes and the behavior of the structure is inelastic, so that it cannot collapse and allows the evacuation of people. In this situation, the structure is severely damaged and the cost of repair is high. In the last decades, systems of seismic protection have been generated, which includes a wide study of varieties and types of investigations. One of the most studied subjects is the systems of seismic isolators, since it separates the superstructure from the soil, that is to say, the displacements and accelerations of the structure and the soil are different. In this study, the use of the seismic isolator system is proposed, with the use of the elastomeric lead rubber bearing (LRB), the isolator design of a reinforced concrete building of different heights (6, 8 and 10 floors) with 4 standards from different countries (NTP E.031, NCh 2745, ASCE 7-16 and NZS 1170.5). In order to identify the most important factors in an insulator design. Finally, the comparison of drifts, displacements and accelerations is made. / Tesis

Nuestro proyecto busca demostrar que se puede mejorar el desempeño sísmico de las edificaciones empleando aisladores sin afectar la rentabilidad del proyecto. Para ello, se evaluó aplicarlo en el proyecto “Residencial Hungría” el cual se trata de un edificio multifamiliar de 12 departamentos y 10 estacionamientos distribuidos en 4 pisos y un semisótano respectivamente. Se modifico la configuración original del proyecto y se incluyó un sistema de aisladores de base con núcleo de plomo con el fin de comparar la rentabilidad entre ambos proyectos (Original y modificado con aisladores). Los resultados obtenidos en la primera etapa muestran que ante un número reducido de pisos (04 pisos) la rentabilidad del proyecto modificado con aisladores es menor a la original, sin embargo, luego de evaluar múltiples opciones, se obtuvo que a partir de 07 pisos tiene un VAN de S/ 172,077 un TIR de 24 % mayor al COK que es de 20%. Sabemos que en la Filosofía y Principios del Diseño Sismorresistente contenidos en la Norma E.030 del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones se reconoce que dar protección completa frente a todos los sismos no es técnica ni económicamente factible para la mayoría de las estructuras, es por ello por lo que el uso de los aisladores está enfocado principalmente a estructuras del sector salud y educación. Con esto proyecto queremos propiciar la aplicación de aisladores a más proyectos de edificaciones y viviendas multifamiliares, verificando que, si puede ser rentable económicamente para el constructor, lo cual beneficiaría la demanda desatendida de la población que requiere una vivienda más segura y con mejor desempeño ante un sismo, y que minimice los costos de reparación, muertes y damnificados ante un eventual movimiento sísmico de alto impacto aun teniendo que invertir un porcentaje adicional en la compra del inmueble. / This research demonstrate that the seismic performance of buildings can be improved by using isolators without affecting the profitability of the project. For this, it was evaluated in the "Residential Hungria" project, which is a multifamily building with 12 apartments and 10 parking spaces distributed in 4 floors and a semi- basement, respectively. The original configuration of the project was modified and a system of base insulators with lead core was included in order to compare the profitability between both projects (Original and modified with insulators). The results obtained in the first stage show that with a reduced number of floors (04 floors) the profitability of the project modified with insulators is lower than the original one, however, after evaluating multiple options, it was obtained that from 07 floors it have a NPV of S / 172,077 an IIR of 24% higher than the COK which is 20%. We know the Philosophy and Principles of Earthquake Resistant Design contained in Standard E.030 of the National Building Regulations, it is recognized that providing complete protection against all earthquakes is not technically or economically feasible for most structures, which is why isolators is mainly focused on structures in the health and education sectors. With this project we want to promote the application of insulators to more projects of buildings and multifamily housing, verifying that, it can be economically profitable for the builder, which would benefit the unattended demand of the population that requires a anti seismic building prepared for an earthquake, minimizes repair costs, deaths and victims in eventual high-impact seismic movement even having to invest an additional percentage in the purchase of the property. / Trabajo de investigación