no / Protecting against cyber attacks is no longer a problem of organizations and home users only. Cyber security programs are now a priority of most governments. Cyber criminals have been using botnets to gain control over millions of computer, steel information and commit other malicious activities. In this paper we propose a self-healing architecture that was originally inspired from a nature paradigm and applied in the computer field. Our solution is designed to work within a network domain. We present the initial design of our solution based on the principles of self healing systems and the analysis of botnet behaviour. We discuss how to either neutralize or reverse (correct) their actions ensuring that network operations continue without disruption.

no / As part of a defense-in-depth security solution for domain-controlled enterprise networks, a proposed self-healing system architecture is designed to increase resiliency against botnets with minimal disruption to network services.

Yes / Cracks in concrete composites, whether autogenous or loading-initiated, are almost inevitable and often difficult to detect and repair, posing a threat to safety and durability of concrete infrastructures, especially for those with strict sealing requirements. The sustainable development of infrastructures calls for the birth of self-healing concrete composites, which has the built-in ability to autonomously repair narrow cracks. This paper reviews the fabrication, characterization, mechanisms and performances of autogenous and autonomous healing concretes. Autogenous healing materials such as mineral admixtures, fibers, nanofillers and curing agents, as well as autonomous healing methods such as electrodeposition, shape memory alloys, capsules, vascular and microbial technologies, have been proven to be effective to partially or even fully repair small cracks. As a result, the mechanical properties and durability of concrete infrastructure can be restored to some extent. However, autonomous healing techniques have shown a better performance in healing cracks than most of autogenous healing methods that are limited to healing of cracks having a narrower width than 150 µm. Self-healing concrete with biomimetic features, such as self-healing concrete based on shape memory alloys, capsules, vascular networks or bacteria, is a frontier subject in the field of material science. Self-healing technology provides concrete infrastructures with the ability to adapt and respond to the environment, exhibiting a great potential to facilitate the creation of a wide variety of smart materials and intelligent structures.

Yes / Formation of cracks represents one of the major causes of concrete deterioration, which can lead to durability and safety issues. In this work, a novel crack closure system is developed, using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer fibres embedded in a mortar mix. The PET polymer has shape memory properties and shrinks upon thermal activation, if free to do so, or otherwise exerts shrinkage restraint forces. A single knot was manufactured at each end of the PET fibres to provide mechanical anchorage into the mortar matrix. Mortar samples with embedded knotted fibres were pre-cracked and subsequently placed in an oven to thermally activate the polymers and induce the shrinkage mechanism into the fibres. Crack closure was measured in the range 45–100%, depending on the geometry, dimension and distribution of the fibres, and the size of the initial crack. / This work is supported by UKRI-EPSRC (Grant No. EP/P02081X/1, Resilient Materials 4 Life, RM4L).

yes / Here in, we describe a non-covalent (ionic interlocking and hydrogen bonding) strategy of self-healing in a covalently crosslinked organic-inorganic hybrid 15 nanocomposite hydrogel, with special emphasize on it's improved mechanical stability. The hydrogel was prepared via in-situ free radical polymerization of sodium acrylate (SA) and successive crosslinking in the presence of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PMTAC) grafted cationically armed starch and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). This hydrogel shows stimuli triggered self-healing following damage in both neutral and acidic solutions (pH=7.4 and pH=1.2). This was elucidated by tensile strength and rheological analyses of the hydrogel segments joined at their fractured points. Interestingly this hydrogel can show water based shape memory effects. It was observed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the self-healed hydrogel at pH = 7.4 was comparable to extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of the New Zealand white rabbit. The as synthesized self-healable hydrogel was found to be non-cytotoxic against NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. / Medical Research Council (MRC (MR/N501888/2))

Yes / The presence of cracks has a negative impact on the durability of concrete by providing paths for corrosive materials to the embedded steel reinforcement. Cracks in concrete can be closed using shape memory polymers (SMP) which produce a compressive stress across the crack faces. This stress has been previously found to enhance the load recovery associated with autogenous selfhealing. This paper details the experiments undertaken to incorporate SMP tendons containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments into reinforced and unreinforced 500 × 100 × 100 mm structural concrete beam samples. These tendons are activated via an electrical supply using a nickelchrome resistance wire heating system. The set-up, methodology and results of restrained shrinkage stress and crack closure experiments are explained. Crack closure of up to 85% in unreinforced beams and 26%–39% in reinforced beams is measured using crack-mouth opening displacement, microscope and digital image correlation equipment. Conclusions are made as to the effectiveness of the system and its potential for application within industry. / EPSRC for their funding of the Materials for Life (M4L) project (EP/K026631/1) and Costain Group PLC for industrial sponsorship of the project and author

In this research, two phases of work were conducted. First, an investigation into the durability concerns for precast prestressed concrete piles exposed to marine environments was conducted. The investigation characterized the durability concerns of chemical, biological, and physical deterioration mechanisms. The results of this study were used to develop potential high performance marine concretes (HPMC) that would be capable of 100+ year service lives in marine environments. Extensive durability testing and service life modeling of the HPMC was performed. Chloride ingress resistance was investigated using accelerated and long-term test procedures and the results used to perform service life modeling to predict the time before corrosion initiation. Sulfate resistance characterization was performed using multiple techniques to characterize the physical and chemical behavior of binder compositions containing binary or ternary mixes containing cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM's) subjected to a sulfate-laden environment. Accelerated carbonation testing and material characterization led to the finding of relationships in the chemical composition of mix designs and the observed durability and the results used to perform corrosion initiation service life modeling. An investigation into the influence of self-healing of cracked concrete led to fundamental findings on the behavior of chloride ingress for cracked concrete structures in marine environments. The results of this research led to the development of concrete mix designs capable of providing service lives over 100 years in Georgia's marine environments, as well as the advancement of the current state of knowledge on the durability characteristics of ternary mix designs.

Construir encontros para a produção de saúde e experiência corporal tendo como mediadora as práticas corporais foi a proposta desta pesquisa. Os encontros foram propostos em dois espaços de Atenção Básica à Saúde: o Centro de Saúde Escola Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza, localizado junto à Faculdade de Saúde Pública - USP/SP e, Unidade Básica de Saúde José Marcílio Malta Cardoso, ambos localizados na cidade de São Paulo. A investigação de natureza qualitativa contou com a realização de 54 encontros, com duração de uma hora e meia a duas horas e quinze minutos, durante o período de um ano, sendo um encontro por semana. Os encontros em grupo foram construídos a partir de um processo dinâmico, levando em consideração as demandas do grupo. Para a proposição de experiências corporais trabalhou-se com as técnicas propostas pelo Método Self-Healing de Meir Schneider (MSH). Participaram dos encontros mulheres, em sua maioria idosas (apesar do grupo ser proposto para qualquer usuário interessado). Por meio das anotações em um caderno de campo e das falas registradas por gravação de áudio dos encontros, organizou-se uma carta com as impressões e falas que se destacaram ao longo do processo sobre as experiências corporais, o cuidado, o acolhimento e os vínculos construídos nos grupos. Verificou-se que esses encontros em grupos foram profícuos na construção do acolhimento, do cuidado e do vínculo afetivo das pessoas envolvidas. O Método Self-Healing de Meir Schneider mostrou-se como uma técnica importante de cuidado e autocuidado no que se refere às práticas de relaxamento, movimentos ativos e passivos variados e saúde dos olhos, demonstrando trazer elementos que puderam agregar conhecimento e experiência corporal e, como consequência, melhora em situações de dor e desconforto. A Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) tem legitimado e incentivado novas práticas corporais na Atenção Básica à Saúde e o MSH potencializado pelos encontros em grupo mostrou-se como um método que pode mobilizar para novas maneiras de andar a vida com autonomia e cuidado na medida em que agrega as tecnologias leves e leves duras na atenção à saúde das populações / To construct meetings for the production of health and corporal experience having as a mediator the corporal practices was the proposal of this research. The meetings were offered in two areas of Basic Health Care: the Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza School Health Center, located next to the School of Public Health - USP / SP and the Basic Health Unit José Marcílio Malta Cardoso, both located in the city from Sao Paulo. The research of a qualitative nature counted on the accomplishment of 54 meetings, lasting from an hour and a half to two hours and fifteen minutes, during the period of one year, being one meeting per week. The group meetings were built from a dynamic process, taking into account the demands of the group. For the purpose of proposing bodily experiences, the techniques proposed by Meir Schneider\'s Self-Healing Method (MSH) were used. Women, mostly elderly, participated in the meetings (although the group was proposed to any interested user). By means of annotations in a field notebook and the recorded speeches by audio recording of the meetings, a letter was organized with the impressions and speeches that stood out throughout the process on the corporal experiences, the care, the reception and the ties built in groups. It was found that these group meetings were fruitful in building the welcoming, of care and the affective bond of the people involved. Meir Schneider\'s Self-Healing Method has been shown to be an important care and self-care technique in regard to relaxation practices, varied active and passive movements and eye health, demonstrating bringing elements that could add knowledge and bodily experience and, as a consequence, improvement in situations of pain and discomfort. The National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC) has legitimized and encouraged new corporal practices in Primary Health Care and the MSH enhanced by group meetings has proved to be a method that can mobilize for new ways of living life with autonomy and care in the measure that it adds the light and light technologies hard in the attention to the health of the populations

Construir encontros para a produção de saúde e experiência corporal tendo como mediadora as práticas corporais foi a proposta desta pesquisa. Os encontros foram propostos em dois espaços de Atenção Básica à Saúde: o Centro de Saúde Escola Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza, localizado junto à Faculdade de Saúde Pública - USP/SP e, Unidade Básica de Saúde José Marcílio Malta Cardoso, ambos localizados na cidade de São Paulo. A investigação de natureza qualitativa contou com a realização de 54 encontros, com duração de uma hora e meia a duas horas e quinze minutos, durante o período de um ano, sendo um encontro por semana. Os encontros em grupo foram construídos a partir de um processo dinâmico, levando em consideração as demandas do grupo. Para a proposição de experiências corporais trabalhou-se com as técnicas propostas pelo Método Self-Healing de Meir Schneider (MSH). Participaram dos encontros mulheres, em sua maioria idosas (apesar do grupo ser proposto para qualquer usuário interessado). Por meio das anotações em um caderno de campo e das falas registradas por gravação de áudio dos encontros, organizou-se uma carta com as impressões e falas que se destacaram ao longo do processo sobre as experiências corporais, o cuidado, o acolhimento e os vínculos construídos nos grupos. Verificou-se que esses encontros em grupos foram profícuos na construção do acolhimento, do cuidado e do vínculo afetivo das pessoas envolvidas. O Método Self-Healing de Meir Schneider mostrou-se como uma técnica importante de cuidado e autocuidado no que se refere às práticas de relaxamento, movimentos ativos e passivos variados e saúde dos olhos, demonstrando trazer elementos que puderam agregar conhecimento e experiência corporal e, como consequência, melhora em situações de dor e desconforto. A Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) tem legitimado e incentivado novas práticas corporais na Atenção Básica à Saúde e o MSH potencializado pelos encontros em grupo mostrou-se como um método que pode mobilizar para novas maneiras de andar a vida com autonomia e cuidado na medida em que agrega as tecnologias leves e leves duras na atenção à saúde das populações / To construct meetings for the production of health and corporal experience having as a mediator the corporal practices was the proposal of this research. The meetings were offered in two areas of Basic Health Care: the Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza School Health Center, located next to the School of Public Health - USP / SP and the Basic Health Unit José Marcílio Malta Cardoso, both located in the city from Sao Paulo. The research of a qualitative nature counted on the accomplishment of 54 meetings, lasting from an hour and a half to two hours and fifteen minutes, during the period of one year, being one meeting per week. The group meetings were built from a dynamic process, taking into account the demands of the group. For the purpose of proposing bodily experiences, the techniques proposed by Meir Schneider\'s Self-Healing Method (MSH) were used. Women, mostly elderly, participated in the meetings (although the group was proposed to any interested user). By means of annotations in a field notebook and the recorded speeches by audio recording of the meetings, a letter was organized with the impressions and speeches that stood out throughout the process on the corporal experiences, the care, the reception and the ties built in groups. It was found that these group meetings were fruitful in building the welcoming, of care and the affective bond of the people involved. Meir Schneider\'s Self-Healing Method has been shown to be an important care and self-care technique in regard to relaxation practices, varied active and passive movements and eye health, demonstrating bringing elements that could add knowledge and bodily experience and, as a consequence, improvement in situations of pain and discomfort. The National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC) has legitimized and encouraged new corporal practices in Primary Health Care and the MSH enhanced by group meetings has proved to be a method that can mobilize for new ways of living life with autonomy and care in the measure that it adds the light and light technologies hard in the attention to the health of the populations

Résumé : L’auto-cicatrisation des fissures des matériaux cimentaires présente un intérêt important pour améliorer leur durabilité (propriétés de transfert par exemple). L’impact du laitier de haut-fourneau sur ce phénomène a été peu étudié bien qu’il ait été observé sur des ouvrages du Génie Civil. Dans cette étude, la cinétique et l’amplitude de l’auto-cicatrisation ont été suivies par des essais non destructifs : la tomographie aux rayons X et la perméabilité à l’air, pour une fissuration créée à 7 jours et à 28 jours. Les résultats montrent que le laitier de haut-fourneau possède un potentiel d’auto-cicatrisation intéressant pouvant dépasser les résultats obtenus pour les formulations de référence sans laitier. Ce bon potentiel dépend des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des matériaux brutes et du potentiel d’hydratation de la formulation au cours du temps. De plus pour suivre l’auto-cicatrisation, un nouvel essai a été mis en place afin de fissurer les éprouvettes de mortier par retrait gêné et d’étudier l’auto-cicatrisation d’une fissure naturelle. Cet essai s’est avéré efficace sur la formulation de référence. Une caractérisation des produits de cicatrisation par MEB-EDS témoigne de la formation de nouveaux produits dans les fissures et de l’impact important des conditions de stockage sur le type de produits formés: des C-S-H pour un stockage sous eau et des carbonates de calcium pour un stockage en chambre humide (CO2 + eau). Les résultats de migration aux chlorures de nano-indentation montrent que ces produits de cicatrisation possèdent de bonnes propriétés de durabilité et des propriétés mécaniques à l’échelle microscopique intéressantes (pour le carbonate de calcium). Enfin, une modélisation du phénomène d’auto-cicatrisation est proposée au moyen du code de calcul de géochimie PHREEQC. L’étude a révélé le potentiel intéressant de PHREEQC pour modéliser l’auto-cicatrisation et en faire un outil de prédiction du phénomène. / Abstract : Self-healing of cementitious materials presents great interest to improve the durability of concrete structure (transfer properties for example). The impact of blast-furnace slag on this phenomenon is not yet clear even if the self-healing of concrete with blast-furnace slag was observed in building sites. To understand the blast-furnace slag influence, non-destructive methods were used to follow self-healing: X-ray tomography and gas permeability test. All specimens were cracked at 7 days and 28 days. The results show that the blast furnace slag has an interesting self-healing potential that can exceed the reference formulation results. This good potential depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of the raw materials and the hydration potential of the formulation over time. In addition to follow the self-healing, a new trial was set up to crack mortar specimens by restrained shrinkage and study the self-healing of a natural crack. In addition to follow the self-healing, a new trial was set up to crack mortar specimens by restrained shrinkage and study the self-healing of a natural crack. This test has proven effective over the reference formulation.The SEM with EDS analysis showed the formation of new products in the crack and the impact of storage conditions on these products : C-S-H for specimens stored in water and calcium carbonate for specimens stored in a damp chamber (CO2 + water). Migration chlorures and nano-indentation tests results showed that self-healing products had interesting durability properties and micro-mechanical properties (for calcium carbonate). Finally, self-healing modelling is proposed by means of geochemistry PHREEQC calculation code. The study revealed interesting potential PHREEQC to model self- healing phenomenon and make it a of predictive tool.