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Despite the amount of research that has been conducted on self-injury there is a lack of empirically validated instruments with which to measure self-injurious behavior. The present study developed a measure to examine self-injury and the associated features. Undergraduate students (n = 184) were administered a set of surveys to assess demographics, self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation, Axis I and Axis II disorders, and impulsivity. Results indicated that a reliable measure, able to assess the extent of self-injury as well as associated features, was developed. Such a measure will enable clinicians to better assess self-injury and enable researchers to more fully examine self-injury and its relationship to other disorders.

This project examines the relationship between gendered identities, virtual communities, and material bodies, with an emphasis on eating disorders and self-injury practices. The use of the internet to represent and foster particular categories of material bodies, such as the anorexic, the fitness buff, and the self-injurer, has gained substantial visibility due in part to the proliferation of visual imagery presented through social networks. I analyze written and visual texts within specific social networks to assess their function and potential impact on individuals and larger communities. Drawing from Donna Haraway's cyborg theory, N. Kathryn Hayles' posthuman, Judith Butler's performativity, feminist poststructural analysis, and the notion of augmented reality, this project explores how individuals rely on social networks, images, and technologies to provide supportive environments for, as well as modify and maintain, specific gendered bodies. Applying feminist interpretations of Foucault's concepts of discipline and "docile bodies," primarily the research and critiques of Susan Bordo, Anne Balsamo, and Armando Favazza (among others), I examine how image sharing and interactions via social networks and communities affect material bodies and function as forms of social control, normalizing and encouraging ultra-thin bodies and dangerous behaviors, including eating disorders, overexercise, and cutting. I also explore subversive strategies of resistance enacted both within and beyond pro-ana and self-injury communities to counter negative messages and promote positive body image in girls and women.

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This dissertation has multiple goals. First to analyze self-destructive behavior and its relations to ethics. Secondly to evaluate four different ethical perspectives regarding self-destructiveness from a certain position of human nature. The third goal is to construct a position that deals with self-destructive behavior in a way that is improved and well-managed compared to the four ethical perspectives analyzed earlier. The first goal is met by comparing and evaluating different theories concerning self-destructive behavior and discussing the ethical implications surrounding them. Self-destructive behavior is seen as a way of communicating, which puts a moral pressure on both the self-destructive person and the society around her. The four ethical perspectives represented by Robert Nozick and Thomas Szasz, two neoliberals, James B Nelson, a body theologian inspired by Paul Tillich, Gail Weiss, a body feminist and Mary Timothy Prokes, a catholic body theologian, are hence met by the problem of self-destruct, analyzed and critically evaluated. In the final chapter the author constructs an improved ethical perspective concerned with self-destructiveness, based on altruism, responsibility and broad-mindedness.

This study sought to hear the narratives of individuals that have recovered from self-harming, with the intention of bearing witness to both the narratives and remaining scars in order to better understand and inform clinical practice. A purposive sample of seven individuals was recruited. Participants were asked to photograph their scars and bring them to an interview. Narratives were generated and explored through a relatively unstructured individual interview. Both the images and narratives were analysed using a narrative approach exploring content, performance and structural aspects, emphasising researcher reflexivity throughout. Findings were understood through psychoanalytic theory and highlighted a theme of validation and ‘being seen’, evidenced in stories of past invalidation that had been internalised into the self-structure and defended against by presenting a ‘defended’ self. Self-harm enabled this ‘unseen self’ to be expressed, validated and contained. Recovery was storied in terms of internalising experiences of validation, which enabled integration of the invalidated parts of the self. Many of the participants highlighted how their scars told a story of discovery; of becoming, coping and surviving. In the healing of scars this recovery is evident, but they may also continue to convey the unseen and unspoken experiences of pain, incoherence and invalidation. Self-harm and remaining scars may be understood as connecting, containing and re-embodying the internalised invalidation and ‘unseen’ aspects of the self. These findings are discussed with reference to the clinical implications, strengths and limitations of the methodology and directions for future research.

A b s t r a c t ZIMMERMANNOVÁ, Táňa. The Issue of Adolescent Self-harm in Comparism of Regular School and Facility for Kids with Behavioral Disorders. Praha: Hussite Theological Faculty, The Charles University, 2014. pp 80. Diploma Dissertation. The thesis is focused on the phenomenon of adolescent self-harm, concerning its prevalence among normal and problematic youth, and also the knowledge of professionals who work with youth. The research is divided in two parts. The first one maps the incidence of self-harm among pupils of a secondary school in comparison with clients of Facility for Kids with Behavioral Disorders in Chrudim and is processed using a standardized questionnaire called Self-Harm Invetory (SHI, 1998). The results show that there is nosignificant difference between normal and troubled youth in the prevalence of the risk behavior itself, but typically self-harm practices are already several times more prevalent among youth with behavioral disorders.It aims to find out whether it can be assumed that self-harm threatens only adolescents with special needs and if it is a marginal issue in general population. The second part of the research is focused on the discovery of knowledge and the basic skills of educators to intervene self-harm behavior among youth. For this reason, the knowledge of the...

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), or deliberate self-harm, and suicidal behaviors are significant public health concerns, and college students may be at particular risk. For instance, approximately 17% of college students engage in NSSI and suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death in college students. Commonalities between NSSI and suicidal behavior exist, including etiology; as an example, misuse of substances and interpersonal difficulties are related to both outcomes. For college students, substance use disorders and social dysfunction are two of the most common psychosocial problems; for instance, 22% of students report illicit drug use and social isolation, loneliness and separation from traditional support systems are common collegiate stressors. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, two pertinent interpersonal risk factors are perceived burdensomeness (the belief that one is a liability to others) and thwarted belongingness (the unmet need to belong among others). When present, substance misuse and interpersonal dysfunction may facilitate the transition between NSSI and suicidal behavior; however, this premise has not been previously examined. As such, we hypothesized that substance abuse would mediate the relation between NSSI and suicidal behavior, such that engagement in NSSI would be related to greater use of substances and, in turn, to suicidal behavior. Further, we hypothesized that thwarted interpersonal needs would moderate this mediating effect, such that increased TB and PB would exacerbate the mediating effect of substance misuse. Our sample of college students (N=338) was primarily white (89.6%; n=294), female (67%; n=225), and had an average age of 21.8 years (SD=4.7). Participants completed the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, the Self-Harm Inventory, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and the Drug Abuse Screening Test. Supporting hypotheses, substance abuse partially mediated the relationship between NSSI and suicidal behavior (DE=1.30, SE=.10, p

Lesões autoprovocadas por autointoxicação intencional por medicamento (AIM) e óbitos por suicídio são passíveis de prevenção e representam grave problema de saúde pública mundial. Este estudo investigou lesões autoprovocadas e suas recorrências por AIM e fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e farmacológicos associados, bem como óbitos por suicídio por AIM e fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e farmacológicos associados. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal, analítico e documental. Foi realizado a partir de dados secundários de bancos de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram incluídos no estudo todos os casos registrados de lesões autoprovocadas e os óbitos por suicídio de pessoas acima de nove anos de idade, no período de 1º de julho de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2017, em todos os municípios do estado de Mato Grosso. Para análise dos dados foram elaborados modelos de regressão logística com efeitos aleatórios, pertencentes à classe dos modelos Generalized Estimating Equations, utilizando-se o software Statistical Analysis System 9.2. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Constatou-se que, no período em estudo, foram notificadas 1.507 lesões autoprovocadas, sendo 27,34% delas por AIM, com destaque para utilização de medicamentos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso. O modelo de regressão logística constatou maior chance de lesão autoprovocada por AIM entre pessoas com idade de 10 a 19 anos e de 20 a 59 anos, quando comparadas àquelas com mais de 60 anos, mulheres comparadas aos homens, de raça branca em relação às de outras raças, ocorrência em zona urbana comparada a não urbana e ocorrência em residência comparada a outros locais. Observou-se menor chance de lesão autoprovocada por AIM entre pessoas com suspeita de uso de álcool quando comparadas àquelas sem tal suspeita. Das 381 pessoas com lesões autoprovocadas por AIM na primeira notificação, nove pessoas tiveram mais de uma lesão autoprovocada por esse método, com destaque para utilização de medicamentos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso. No modelo de regressão logística para analisar os fatores associados às recorrências de lesões autoprovocadas por AIM, nenhuma das variáveis contribuiu significativamente. Dos 412 casos de lesões autoprovocadas por AIM, 13 pessoas foram a óbito por suicídio por AIM. Em 11 desses casos não havia informações sobre o medicamento e em dois casos foram utilizados medicamentos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso. No modelo de regressão logística, para analisar os fatores associados aos óbitos por suicídio por AIM, houve menor chance de óbito por suicídio por AIM entre pessoas com idade de 10 a 19 anos e de 20 a 59 anos, quando comparadas àquelas com mais de 60 anos. Os achados deste estudo fornecem importantes subsídios para estratégias direcionadas à prevenção do suicídio e de lesões autoprovocadas por AIM, bem como para a qualificação da assistência de enfermagem / Self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning and suicide deaths are preventable and represent a serious public health problem worldwide. This study investigated selfinjuries and their recurrences by intentional drug self-poisoning and associated sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors, as well as suicide deaths by intentional drug self-poisoning and associated sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical and documentary study. It was carried out from secondary databases of the Notification of Injury Information System and Mortality Information System of the Health Secretariat of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study included all registered cases of selfinjuries and suicide deaths of people aged above nine years, from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, in all municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso. For data analysis, logistic regression models with random effects, based on Generalized Estimating Equations models, were developed using the software Statistical Analysis System 9.2. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. It was found that, during the study period, 1,507 self-injuries were reported, of which 27.34% were by intentional drug self-poisoning, with emphasis on the use of drugs that act on the Nervous System. The logistic regression model found a greater chance of self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning among people aged from 10 to 19 years and from 20 to 59 years, when compared to those over 60 years, women compared to men, white category compared to all other race categories, occurrence in urban areas compared to non-urban areas and occurrence at home compared to other places. It was observed a lower chance of self-injury by intentional drug self-poisoning among people suspected of using alcohol when compared to those without such suspicion. Of the 381 people with self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning in the first notification, nine of them had more than one self-injury by this method, with emphasis on the use of drugs that act on the Nervous System. In the logistic regression model to analyze the factors associated with recurrences of self-injury by intentional drug self-poisoning, none of the variables contributed significantly. Of the 412 cases of self-injury by intentional drug selfpoisoning, 13 people died by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning. In 11 of these cases, there was no information about the drug and, in two cases were used drugs that act on the Nervous System. In the logistic regression model, to analyze the factors associated with death by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning, there was a lower chance of death by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning among people aged from 10 to 19 years and from 20 to 59 years, when compared to those over 60 years old. These findings provide important subsidies for strategies aimed at suicide prevention and self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning, as well as for the qualification of nursing care