Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-26T11:47:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Avaliação do potencial do uso da sílica de casca de arroz obtida através da queima controlada como substituição parcial ao cimento Portland na produção de concretos au.pdf: 5610666 bytes, checksum: 59bf1f9b8c485e95150b2a114381adde (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-26T11:47:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Avaliação do potencial do uso da sílica de casca de arroz obtida através da queima controlada como substituição parcial ao cimento Portland na produção de concretos au.pdf: 5610666 bytes, checksum: 59bf1f9b8c485e95150b2a114381adde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T11:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Avaliação do potencial do uso da sílica de casca de arroz obtida através da queima controlada como substituição parcial ao cimento Portland na produção de concretos au.pdf: 5610666 bytes, checksum: 59bf1f9b8c485e95150b2a114381adde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 / O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial uso da Sílica de Casca de Arroz (SCA), obtida de queima controlada, como material de substituição parcial em massa ao Cimento Portland (CP) na produção de concretos autoadensáveis (CAA). A SCA empregada neste trabalho foi produzida em condições controladas em um sistema de combustão com leito fluidizado, tendo como resultado uma sílica altamente amorfa e de boa qualidade. Foram avaliados os resultados do comportamento reológico do CAA no estado fresco e a resistência mecânica no estado endurecido de um concreto de referência, sem o uso de SCA, e de cinco concretos produzidos a partir de substituições parciais de 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% e 25% de SCA em relação à quantidade de massa do cimento. Em todos os traços foram utilizado 15% de cinza volante (CV) adicionada à massa do material aglomerante, a fim de auxiliar na diminuição do atrito entre as partículas dos agregados com o cimento. O traço do concreto de referência foi obtido utilizando o procedimento de caráter experimental proposto pelo Método de Gomes. Este traço foi analisado também pelo Método do Empacotamento Compressível, sendo assim, definidos os outros traços com substituições. As amostras foram caracterizadas no estado fresco de acordo com a norma brasileira ABNT NBR 15823/2010, através de: ensaios de espalhamento no cone de Abrans e Anel “J”, de fluidez no funil “V” e habilidade passante na caixa “L” e caixa “U”. Os resultados mostram que os concretos produzidos com SCA possuem boa capacidade de fluidez. No estado endurecido foram verificadas as resistências mecânicas de compressão axial e tração por compressão diametral dos CAAs nas idades de 7, 28, 56 e 91 dias. Os resultados dos ensaios indicam que é possível substituir CP por SCA sem que haja prejuízo às características mecânicas dos CAAs e ainda obter ganhos técnicos e econômicos. O melhor concreto, levando em conta todos os aspectos estudados, foi com 15% de substituição de CP por SCA. / This study aims to evaluate the potential use of rice husk silica (RHS), obtained under controlled burning conditions, such as partial replacement material to the Portland Cement (PC) in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The RHS employed in this study was produced under controlled conditions in a fluidized bed combustion system, resulting in highly amorphous silica and of good quality. We evaluated the results of the rheological behavior of SCC in the fresh state and strength in the hardened state of a reference concrete without the use of RHS and five concrete made from partial substitution 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% in RHS relative to the amount of concrete mass. In all traces were used 15% of Fly Ash (FA) is added to the mass of the binder material to assist in reducing friction between particles of the aggregates with cement. The trace of the reference concrete was obtained using the experimental procedure proposed by Gomes method. This trait was also analyzed by the method of packaging compressible and based on this method are defined partial strokes with other PC for RHS substitutions. After obtaining the characteristics of the materials and dosages of SCCs, these were featured in the fresh according to the Brazilian standard NBR 15823/2010, as follows: Spreading tests on cone Abrans and "J-ring", pour in "V-Funnel" and passing ability in the "L-box" and "U-box". The results shows that concrete made with RHS have good flow capacity. In the hardened state the mechanical resistances were checked axial compression and tension by diametrical compression of SCCs at the ages of 7, 28, 56 and 91 days. The test results indicate that it is possible to replace PC with RHS without prejudice to the characteristics of SCCs and still get technical and economic gains. The best concrete, taking into account all the points studied, was the one with replacement of 15% of PC for RHS.

O concreto auto adensável (CAA) é um material novo cujas propriedades mecânicas precisam ser estudadas. Ele apresenta em sua composição maior quantidade de argamassa e agregados graúdos de menores dimensões, que podem torná-lo mais deformável que o concreto convencional. Em contrapartida, o melhor empacotamento das partículas no estado fresco do CAA e a sua maior resistência (para uma mesma relação a/c) pode atuar no sentido oposto. Além disso, os modelos de previsão disponíveis na norma brasileira não levam em consideração os concretos especiais. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se modelos de previsão disponíveis na literatura são adequados para prever a fluência e a retração do CAA. Este estudo envolve aspectos de sua caracterização por meio de ensaios em laboratório, de retração, de fluência e de outras propriedades mecânicas como resistência à compressão, resistência á tração e módulo de elasticidade. Para o ensaio de fluência foram avaliadas as influências das condições ambientais (através de corpos de prova mantidos em ambiente controlado e sem controle de umidade e temperatura) e idade de carregamento. A partir dos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, foi feita a sua comparação com os modelos de previsão do ACI, EC2, NBR, B3 e GL. O estudo da deformação do CAA também foi feito por meio da monitoração de uma viga protótipo protendida, seguida da comparação das deformações medidas com as obtidas por um programa de elementos finitos. A partir dos resultados experimentais, observa-se que dentre os modelos de previsão de fluência e retração estudados, o que mais se adéqua aos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, é o fornecido pelo ACI e GL. A utilização do modelo de previsão do ACI pelo programa de elementos finitos gerou bons resultados de previsão de deformações quando comparados com os resultados medidos. Em relação à função de fluência, nota-se que a norma brasileira é adequada para o concreto estudado. / Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new material and its mechanical properties have yet to be studied. It has a higher amount of mortar and smaller coarse aggregates which make it more deformable. On the other hand, the packing of the particles in fresh SCC and its larger strength (at a constant water/cement ratio) may act in the opposite way. Besides, the prediction models provided by the Brazilian Code do not take special concretes into account. The main objective of this work is to verify if the creep and shrinkage prediction models available in the literature can predict those properties of a SCC. This study involves aspects of its characterization by tests in laboratory of creep, shrinkage and other mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. For the creep test, the influence of environmental conditions (for specimens kept in an environment with and without temperature and humidity controlled) and age at loading were evaluated. From the obtained experimental results, a comparison was made to the values obtained from the ACI, EC2, NBR, B3 and GL prediction models. The deformability of SCC was analyzed by monitoring a post-tensioned beam prototype followed by the comparison of the measured deflection and strain long the time to those obtained from a finite element model. From the obtained experimental results of creep and shrinkage, the most adequate prediction models are the ACI and GL models. The use of the ACI model with the finite element method produced good results when compared to the experimental measurements of deflection and strain of the prototype beam. With respect to the compliance creep function, it can be noticed that the model provided by the Brazilian Code is adequate to the studied SCC.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Bartholomei.pdf: 2499347 bytes, checksum: 6b31cbfe2379597e5c48f869551b9c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Currently concrete performs a very important role in contemporary society´s development. Their benefits to society come from its variety of applications, being used in diverse types of constructions. Among the many kinds of existing concretes, the self-compacting one is highlighted once it is of a superior technology if compared to the ordinary one, once it doesn´t need a specific equipment to be compacted, having a self-compacting ability due to gravity. The aim of this work was studying the use of materials commercialized in Manaus and nearby locations for the production of self-compacting concrete with addition of ground glass´ waste. In this process great and tiny aggregates, cement, viscosity modifier of physical effect (ground glass´ waste) and superplasticizer additive were characterized according to Brazilian Standards (NBR). It was also analyzed the best dosage method for the ordinary concrete´s production, which also was adapted to the self-compacting production. 10 After choosing the best method for the ordinary concrete, this work developed a method so that self-compacting concrete could be produced using ground glass´ waste and local materials from Manaus city. The results showed that it is possible to obtain a self-compacting concrete from materials commercialized in Manaus and nearby locations, moreover, that the ground glass´ waste is a material which holds the self-compacting concrete properties in the cured stage having gains in resistance, and in the fresh state with viscosity increase, in which shortens its static and dynamic segregation. / Atualmente o concreto desempenha um papel muito importante no desenvolvimento de uma sociedade moderna. Seus benefícios para a sociedade vêm de sua ampla faixa de aplicações, sendo este usado em diversos tipos de construção. Dentre os diversos tipos de concretos existentes, destaca-se o concreto auto-adensável, que é uma tecnologia superior ao concreto convencional, pois o mesmo não necessita de nenhum equipamento para ser compactado, tendo uma capacidade de auto-compactação através da força da gravidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a utilização de materiais comercializados na região de Manaus para a produção de concreto auto-adensável com adição de resíduo moído de vidro. Neste processo de estudo foram caracterizados os agregados miúdos, agregados graúdos, cimento, modificador de viscosidade de efeito físico (resíduo moído de vidro) e aditivo superplastificante conforme as Normas Brasileiras (NBR). Também foi analisado o melhor método de dosagem para a produção do concreto convencional, o qual 8 também se adaptava a produção do concreto auto-adensável. Após a escolha do melhor método para a produção do concreto convencional, foi desenvolvido neste trabalho um método para a produção do concreto auto-adensável utilizando resíduo de vidro moído e materiais regionais da cidade de Manaus. Os resultados mostraram que é possível obter um concreto auto-adensável empregando materiais comercializados na região de Manaus, além disso, que o resíduo moído de vidro é um material que mantêm as propriedades do concreto auto-adensável no estado endurecido com ganhos de resistência e no estado fresco com o aumento de viscosidade, a qual diminui a sua segregação estática e dinâmica.

Self compacting concrete (SCC) is first developed in Japan in the late 1980s in order to overcome the consolidation problems associated with the presence of congested reinforcement. It is also termed as a high performance concrete, as it can flow under its own weight and completely fill the formworks. As the fresh properties of SCC are quite important, mix design of a SCC is performed by considering various workability related fresh properties. Therefore, a well designed SCC should satisfy all requirements of a hardened concrete, besides its superior workability properties. The aim of this research is to assess the effects of some basic ingredients of SCC on the fresh properties of SCC. This will be performed by applying design of experiment techniques and obtaining significant statistical models, which will give valuable information about the effects of the model parameters on the rheology and fresh state characteristics of SCC. In this research program, four different variables / use of fly ash replacement, use of high range water reducing admixture (HRWRA), use of viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA) and water-cementitious material ratio, are considered as the variables of the experimental design. Central Composite Design (CCD), a design of experiment technique, is employed throughout the experimental program and a total of 21 mixtures of concrete are cast. Slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, sieve segregation, initial and final setting time tests are performed, furthermore / to investigate the effects of these variables to the rheology of SCC, relative plastic viscosity and relative yield stress, which are the parameters of Bingham Model are measured with the help of a concrete rheometer. As a result of the experimental program, the fresh state properties of SCC are expressed by mathematical equations. Those equations are then used in order to explain the effects of fly ash replacement, HRWRA and VMA concentration, and the w/cm ratio on the fresh state properties of SCC. According to the derived models, it is stated that the water-cementitious material ratio of the concrete mixture is the most effective parameter on the flowability and passing ability of SCC beside the other parameters utilized in this research as its coefficient was the highest in the related models.

Self-compacting concrete has soon been around for a decade. Recently the prefabrication industry has started to use this fairly new concrete type in larger scales, mainly because of its distinctive properties.  There are still certain areas that need to be thoroughly examined, such as bond capacity. There have been very few studies regarding shear capacity due to the fact that the procedure is complicated. This report will highlight a method to examine the shear capacity of different surfaces that have been prewetted as well as non-prewetted surfaces. The surface areas follow BBK 04’s and Eurocode 2’s demand for surface roughness.  A smooth surface will be completed in order to confirm if the different shapes influence the bond strength by shear stress or not.                        The purpose of this essay is to measure the bond strength within the shear capacity as well as examine the impact it has on surface roughness and treatment for shear bond. The method used to identify the shear capacity is called L-shaped Push-Off Test. The dimension of the object was selected with the help of a previous research paper. The Sand-Patch method is predominantly used to measure the surface roughness.  The results showed no difference between the demands of surfaces of BBK04 and Eurocode 2 considering the shear capacity. However the non-prewetted surface was measured with the highest shear capacity value. Apart from the shear strength, deformation was measured in both vertical and horizontal direction and it was clearly shown that the vertical deformation was measured to be ten times higher than the horizontal deformation.  There was no difference between the BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 considering the vertical deformation. However the difference occurred on the horizontal direction between BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 where the specimens of Eurocode 2 received three times higher deformation compared to BBK 04. The conclusion can be drawn that the surface roughness of BBK 04 would be more suitable than eurocode2 considering deformation.      The overall result was that the surface treatment with the demands of BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 showed minor difference after being measured with the Push-Off Test method. This has been confirmed with the estimated shear capacity (1.2 MPa). The results revealed that the treatment of surface could be made in either way, brush or rake. As a conclusion the assessment of the shear strength showed that Eurocode 2's demand is too strict comparing demands of BBK 04. / Att bestämma vidhäftningen mellan prefabricerade element och senare pågjutning på arbetsplats är viktigt. Självkompakterande betong är en betongtyp som flera prefabricerade företag börjat använda på grund av dess goda egenskaper. Dock finns några oklarheter som behöver utredas vidare, exempelvis vidhäftningskapaciteten vid pågjutning. I och med införandet av Eurokod blev det större krav på skrovligheten jämfört med tidigare krav i BBK 04. För självkompakterande betong kan det vara svårt att få till en skrovlighet enligt både BBK och speciellt Eurokod. För undersökning av vidhäftningskapacitet kopplat till draghållfastheten finns beprövade metoder som följer svensk standard. Dock finns ingen svensk standard för vidhäftningsprov för skjuvhållfastheten, bland annat på grund av att för få undersökningar har utförts och att provnings-utförandet är mer komplext. Syftet med denna undersökning är att jämföra olika mätmetoder för att mäta skjuvspänningar för vidhäftningen mellan prefabelement och pågjutningsbetong samt att också undersöka olika metoder för att mäta ytjämnheten. Målet är att identifiera skjuvkapaciteten i vidhäftningen samt få reda på vilken påverkan ytjämnhet och ytbehandling har för vidhäftningen. Detta för att utvärdera om Eurokod 2:s hårdare krav på skrovlig yta är nödvändig jämfört med BBK 04 med avseende på skjuvning. Ytor som ska jämföras är avdragen yta och yta som uppfyller BBK 04:s samt Eurokod 2:s  krav på skrovlig yta. Mätmetoder för skrovlighet ska undersökas för att senare utvärderas och användas i undersökningen.  Förutom dessa ytor som normalt förvattnas ska även en yta som följer BBK 04:s krav på skrovlig yta utan förvattning undersökas om förvattning har någon positiv inverkan på vidhäftningen. Den mätmetod som valdes för att identifiera skjuvhållfastheten var L-formad Push-Off-metod, vilket dimensionerades med hjälp av en referensundersökning. Provkroppen tillverkades i Strängbetongs fabrik i Kungsör och innan pågjutningen utfördes mättes ytjämnheten på vidhäftningsytan med hjälp av Sand-Patch-metoden. För att bekräfta validiteten hos Sand-Patch-metoden användes också en annan mätmetod, så kallad Profilmall. Efter att ytorna var uppmätta och pågjutningen hårdnat skickades provkropparna till CBI Betonginstitut för skjuvhållfasthetsprovning samt tryckprovning. Resultaten från undersökningen visade att inga större skillnader i skjuvhållfasthet mättes mellan Eurokods och BBKs krav på ytjämnhet, men det visade sig att den obehandlade ytan klarade av högst skjuvhållfasthet. Alla värden var betydligt högre än vad både Eurokod och BBK 04 anger för hållfasthetsklassen C45/55. Under provningstillfället upptäcktes sprickbildning vid 85 kN både i den befintliga betongen samt vid pågjutningen på de tunnaste delarna, för samtliga provförsök. Utöver skjuvhållfastheten mättes även deformationer såväl vertikalt som horisontellt och det framgick tydligt i resultatet att vertikala deformationerna var mer än tio gånger större än de horisontella. Ingen skillnad mellan BBK och Eurokod kunde tydas vid vertikala deformationer, dock vid horisontella deformationer mättes Eurokod till tre gånger större horisontella deformationer jämfört med BBK. Detta tyder på att BBKs krav på skrovlighet är bättre än Eurokod ur deformationssynvinkel Med denna undersökning som grund kan tillverkarna välja att avstå från Eurokod 2:s hårdare krav på skrovlig yta och fortsätta att behandla ytan enligt BBK 04. I och med detta menar författarna att Eurokod 2:s hårdare krav på skrovlig yta inte är nödvändig jämfört med BBK 04 med avseende på skjuvning (vidhäftning), vilket var det primära målet för undersökningen.

Simulation of fresh concrete flow has spurged with the advent of Self-Compacting Concrete, SCC. The fresh concrete rheology must be compatible with the reinforced formwork geometry to ensure complete and reliable form filling with smooth concrete surfaces. Predicting flow behavior in the formwork and linking the required rheological parameters to flow tests performed on the site will ensure an optimization of the casting process. In this thesis, numerical simulation of concrete flow and particle behaviour is investigated, using both discrete as well as a continuous approach. Good correspondence was achieved with a Bingham material model used to simulate concrete laboratory tests (e.g. slump flow). It is known that aggregate properties such as size, shape and surface roughness as well as its grading curve affect fresh concrete properties. An increased share of non-spherical particles in concrete increases the level of yield stress, τ0, and plastic viscosity, µpl. The yield stress level may be decreased by adding superplasticizers, however, the plastic viscosity may not. An explanation for the behaviour of particles is sought after experimentally, analytically and numerically. Bingham parameter plastic viscosity is experimentally linked to particle shape. It was found that large particles orient themselves aligning their major axis with the fluid flow, whereas small particles in the colloidal range may rotate between larger particles. The rotation of crushed, non-spherical fine particles as well as particles of a few microns that agglomorate leads to an increased viscosity of the fluid. Generally, numerical simulation of large scale quantitative analyses are performed rather smoothly with the continuous approach. Smaller scale details and phenomena are better captured qualitatively with the discrete particle approach. As computer speed and capacity constantly evolves, simulation detail and sample volume will be allowed to increase. A future merging of the homogeneous fluid model with the particle approach to form particles in the fluid will feature the flow of concrete as the physical suspension that it represents. One single ellipsoidal particle in fluid was studied as a first step. / <p>QC 20150326</p>

The present research is conducted to investigate the behaviour of elliptical tube columns filled with self-compacting concrete (SCC). In total, ten specimens, including two empty columns, were tested to failure. The main parameters investigated were the length and the sections of the columns, and the concrete compressive strength. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the compressive strength of SCC using a comprehensive database collected from different previous studies. The database was used to train and test the developed ANN. Moreover, parallel to the experimental works, a three dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model using ABAQUS software was developed to predict the behaviour of SCC elliptical tube columns. The proposed ABAQUS model was verified against the current experimental results. The experimental results indicated that the failure modes of the SCC filled elliptical steel tube columns having large slenderness ratios were dominated by global buckling. Moreover, the composite columns possessed higher critical axial compressive capacities compared with their hollow section companions due to the composite interaction. However, due to the large slenderness ratio of the test specimens, the change of compressive strength of concrete core did not show significant effect on the critical axial compressive capacity of concrete filled columns although the axial compressive capacity increased with the concrete grade increase. The comparisons between the axial compressive load capacities obtained from experimental study and those predicted using simple methods provided in Eurocode 4 for concrete-filled steel rectangular tube columns showed a reasonable agreement. The proposed three dimensional FE model accurately predicted the failure modes, the load capacity and the load-deflection response of the columns tested. The experimental results, analysis and comparisons presented in this thesis clearly support the application of self-compacting concrete filled elliptical steel tube columns in construction engineering practice.

O concreto auto-adensável (CAA), que representa um dos mais significativos avanços na tecnologia de concreto, foi desenvolvido no Japão em 1988 com o intuito de se obter estruturas de concreto duráveis. É um concreto que dispensa o processo convencional de vibração ou adensamento por ter a capacidade de fluir e preencher os espaços da fôrma apenas através de seu peso próprio. Desde então, várias pesquisas têm sido realizadas e esse tipo de concreto já vem sendo aplicado na prática há algum tempo em alguns países, principalmente por grandes empresas de construção no Japão e na Suécia. Pesquisas para se estabelecerem métodos racionais de dosagem para CAA bem como métodos de ensaios no estado fresco têm sido desenvolvidas, visando fazer do CAA um concreto de aplicação comum. Contudo, ainda não se conhece bem este material e o que se nota é que a maioria dos CAA apresentados em trabalhos científicos é obtida com altos teores de argamassa, além da grande dispersão desses teores. Neste trabalho foi estudada a influência do teor de argamassa sobre as características de concretos auto-adensáveis, tanto no estado fresco como no estado endurecido, produzidos a partir de diferentes teores de argamassa (55, 60, 65, 70 e 75%). Para a produção dos mesmos foi aplicado um novo método de dosagem para CAA desenvolvido por Tutikian (2004), o qual se mostrou satisfatório no que diz respeito às propriedades de fluxo dos CAA. Em termos de resistências mecânicas os CAA´s obtidos apresentaram comportamentos bem similares uns aos outros para relações a/c aproximadas e mesmo teor de fíler calcário (que substitui parte do teor de agregado miúdo total) . Porém, o consumo de aditivo superplastificante tende a aumentar, para uma mesma fluidez, com o aumento do teor de argamassa, o que se caracteriza pelo aumento da superfície específica da mistura para altos teores de argamassa. Quando comparado com um concreto convencional com mesmo teor de argamassa o CAA apresentou qualidades similares ou ligeiramente superiores, com exceção de seu custo que é superior ao de um concreto convencional. Deste modo, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento e entendimento do CAA para que o mesmo possa ser aplicado com segurança em edificações e obras corrente de engenharia civil. / Self-compacting concrete (SCC), first developed in Japan in 1988 to achieve durable concrete structures, and adopted in Europe and the rest of the world more recently, represents one of the most significant advances in concrete technology. SCC is a type of concrete that can flow and compact in a mould or formwork under its own weight without the need for vibration. Since then, several research activities have been carried out and this type of concrete has been used in practical structures in Japan and Sweden, mainly by large construction companies. Investigations for establishing rational mix design methods for SCC and self-compactability testing methods have been developed from the point of view of making this new concrete a standard concrete. However, SCC is not well known so far and it can be observed worldwide that most of the SCC has been proportioned with high mortar/paste contents. This work aims to assess the influence of the mortar content in the composition of SCC on its properties, both in fresh and hardened states, produced with five different mortar contents (55, 60, 65, 70, and 75%). The newly-developed mix design method (TUTIKIAN, 2004) was applied to produce all SCC, and it seemed to be a very good method in terms of the SCC flow properties. Concerning the mechanical properties (compressive/tensile strength) all SCC produced in this study have presented similar results related to others with approximate water-to-cement ratio and the same limestone filler content (used to replace part of the total fine aggregate content). It was verified that the superplasticizer dosage increases as the mortar content increases for the same values of flow properties, which can be explained by the greater specific surface of the mixtures as the mortar content increases. Compared to a normal vibrated concrete with the same mortar content in its composition, SCC presented equal or slightly better qualities, excepting the issue of costs which is more expensive than those of the normal vibrated concrete. This dissertation aims to contribute for a better knowledge and understanding of SCC so it can be safely applied in buildings and in civil engineering projects.

A utilização do concreto auto-adensável (CAA) vem aumentando consideravelmente, no Brasil e no mundo. Com isso, há mais interesse em estudos práticos e teóricos a respeito do material, porém a maioria realizada está centrada em propriedades mecânicas da mistura no estado endurecido. Poucos estudos estão voltados para uma das áreas de maior lacuna: a dosagem. Os métodos de dosagem existentes para o CAA ou são experimentais, baseados na experiência do executor, ou são dependentes de tabelas determinadas a partir de materiais de difícil reprodução em outros locais. Com o intuito de ajudar a resolver este problema, foi proposto um método de dosagem experimental para CAA nesta tese. Este método visa a dosagem de CAA através de ensaios simples que determinem a composição dos agregados, de forma que o empacotamento granular apresente a menor quantidade de vazios possível, a fim de se minimizar o consumo de pasta na mistura. O método utiliza conceitos novos e já consagrados de outros métodos, como o IPT/EPUSP (Helene e Terzian, 1992), o proposto por Tutikian (2004), o de O´Reilly (1992) e o Modelo de Empacotamento Compressivo (CPM) (De Larrard, 1999). Para a comprovação da eficácia deste método, foram dosadas seis famílias de CAA, sendo três com areia fina e outras três com cinza volante, formando pares dosados por diferentes métodos. Entre as seis famílias, duas utilizaram o método de Tutikian (2004) e quatro o método proposto, porém primeiramente com uma faixa de agregado graúdo e após com duas granulometrias de brita, proporcionando famílias com o esqueleto granular mais compacto. Por fim, foi realizada uma família de concreto convencional (CCV). Os CAA dosados através deste novo método são de obtenção mais simples e menos trabalhosa, dependendo menos da experiência do executor, e os resultados mostraram que estes podem ser mais econômicos e com as propriedades no estado endurecido similares ou até vantajosas em relação às dos CCV e a dos outros CAA, principalmente o com duas granulometrias de agregado graúdo. / The utilization of self compacting concrete (SCC) has been increasing considerably throughout Brazil and the world. Hence, there has been more interest in theoretical and practical studies regarding the issue; however, the majority of such studies have been focused on the mechanical properties of the mixture in the hardened state. Very few studies have been focused on the subject of the dosage. The existing methods of dosage for SCC are either experimental, based on the experience of the executor, or are dependent on customized charts based on local materials which are very difficult to reproduce. With the intention to aid in the solution of this problem, an experimental dosage method was proposed in this thesis. This method aims at the dosage of SCC through simple tests that determine the composition of the aggregates, so that the packing density presents the least amount of voids, in order to minimize the consumption of binder in the mixture. The method uses new concepts and some concepts already determined from other methods, such as the IPT/EPUSP (Helene e Terzian, 1992), the one proposed by Tutikian (2004), the O´Reilly (1992) and the Compressive Packing Model (CPM) (De Larrard, 1999). In order to substantiate the efficienty of this method, six families of SCC were carried out, three of those with fine sand and the remaining three with fly ash, forming three pairs dosed by different methods. Amongst the six families, two used the Tutikian method (2004) and the other four families used the proposed method, which were divided into two subgroups; two with one class of gravel and the remaining subgroup utilizing two classes of gravel, supplying each family with a more compact granular skeleton. As a control group, a test family of conventional concrete (CCV) was produced. The SCC designed through this new method is simpler to obtain and requires less labor, depending less on the experience of the executor. The results present themselves as more economical and with the properties in the hardened state quite similar or even enhanced in relation to the ones of the CCV and the other SCC, specially with two classes of gravel.

A consolidação das técnicas de dosagem e fabricação de concretos auto-adensáveis com reduzida relação a/c pode ser considerada como um dos desenvolvimentos mais impactantes da nova tecnologia do concreto. No Brasil a utilização deste tipo de concreto, apesar de estar aumentando consideravelmente, ainda é relativamente modesta. Projeta-se, todavia, uma considerável expansão nos próximos anos, em função das vantagens que este material oferece. Por isso, várias instituições têm buscado aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o concreto auto-adensável (CAA), através de estudos e pesquisas sobre o comportamento e características desse novo material. Visando colaborar para um melhor conhecimento sobre as propriedades de concretos autoadensáveis no estado endurecido, foi efetuado um estudo sobre o comportamento, em termos de deformação instantânea e lenta, de vigas fabricadas com CAA. O programa experimental compreendeu a análise de seis vigas de concreto armado dimensionadas segundo as exigências da NBR 6118/2003.Para fabricação das mesmas foi utilizado um concreto convencional, com teor de argamassa de 55%, que serviu como referência, e dois concretos auto-adensáveis, com teores de argamassa de 55% (similar ao do convencional) e 60% (típico de concretos auto-adensáveis). As vigas permaneceram em carga durante aproximadamente cinco meses, durante os quais foi registrada a evolução dos deslocamentos transversais do centro e do terço médio. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com valores numéricos obtidos através da norma brasileira e do emprego de um modelo computacional baseado em elementos finitos. De uma forma geral, verificou-se que concretos auto-adensáveis possuem comportamento similar ao concreto convencional, podendo ser utilizada, para o dimensionamento de peças com este concreto, a mesma norma utilizada para estruturas de concreto convencional. Verificou-se, porém, que o modelo simplificado da norma brasileira vigente para estimativa da deformação total de longo prazo não apresentou dados coerentes com os resultados coletados em ensaio, subestimando os valores obtidos. Uma análise mais precisa foi possível através de um modelo de elementos finitos. Verificou-se, todavia, que para avaliar o comportamento de vigas de concreto armado em ambiente similar ao do ensaio, é imprescindível a inclusão dos efeitos da retração. / Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is considered by many researchers and field engineers as one of the most important recent developments in concrete technology. Despite the considerable advantages that are associated with the use of this special concrete, its use in Brazil is still limited, although there is a growth trend. A strong market expansion is expected in a short period, reproducing what is now happening in Europe and the US. Therefore, many research institutions have been trying to increase the scientific knowledge about SCC, trough studies and researches focused on this new material. In this paper, a study about the immediate and long-term deflections of reinforced concrete beams using SCC is presented, aiming to increase the knowledge about the properties of the self-compacting concrete in its hardened state. In the experimental part of this study, a comparison between the maximum deflections registered in concrete beams under constant load, made with conventional and SCC concrete, is carried out. The experimental program involved the casting and testing of six beams with the same geometry, longitudinal and transversal reinforcement, and subjected to the same load pattern. The beam prototypes were designed according to the Brazilian standard NBR 6118/2003, with a 210cm span and an 18x10cm cross-section. Two types of concrete with different mortar contents have been used: one conventional concrete with a mortar content of 55%, and two SCCs with mortar contents of 55% and 60%. The beams were put under load during approximately five months. The mechanical properties of concrete have been determined and the maximum deflections have been measured throughout this period. The experimental results have been compared with numerical estimates obtained using procedures recommended by the Brazilian standard and with estimates from a FEM computational model. Overall, it was found that self-compacting concrete has a similar behavior to conventional concrete, for the same mortar content, and can be designed with the same criteria used for conventional concrete structures. The estimates obtained using the Brazilian standard, however, underestimated the maximum deflections in relation to the experimental data collected. Better estimates were obtained using the FEM model, when temperature and humidity data was used to account for the shrinkage.