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Nové přístupy k automatické detekci XSS chyb / New Approaches Towards Automated XSS Flaw DetectionSteinhauser, Antonín January 2020 (has links)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) flaws are a class of security flaws particular to web applications. XSS flaws generally allow an attacker to supply affected web application with a malicious input that is then included in an output page without being properly encoded (sanitized). Recent advances in web applica- tion technologies and web browsers introduced various prevention mechanisms, narrowing down the scope of possible XSS attacks, but those mechanisms are usually selective and prevent only a subset of XSS flaws. Among the types of XSS flaws that are largely omitted are the context- sensitive XSS flaws. A context-sensitive XSS flaw occurs when the potentially malicious input is sanitized by the affected web application before being included in the output page, but the sanitization is not appropriate for the browser con- text of the sanitized value. Another type of XSS flaws, which is already better known, but still insufficiently prevented, are the stored XSS flaws. Applica- tions affected by the stored XSS flaws store the unsafe client input in persistent storage and return it in another HTTP response to (possibly) another client. Our work is focused on advancing state-of-the-art automated detection of those two types of XSS flaws using various analysis techniques ranging from purely static analysis to dynamic graybox analysis.
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Enhancing Gene Expression Signatures in Cancer Prediction Models: Understanding and Managing Classification ComplexityKamath, Vidya P. 29 July 2010 (has links)
Cancer can develop through a series of genetic events in combination with
external influential factors that alter the progression of the disease. Gene expression
studies are designed to provide an enhanced understanding of the progression of cancer
and to develop clinically relevant biomarkers of disease, prognosis and response to
treatment. One of the main aims of microarray gene expression analyses is to develop
signatures that are highly predictive of specific biological states, such as the molecular
stage of cancer. This dissertation analyzes the classification complexity inherent in gene
expression studies, proposing both techniques for measuring complexity and algorithms
for reducing this complexity.
Classifier algorithms that generate predictive signatures of cancer models must
generalize to independent datasets for successful translation to clinical practice. The
predictive performance of classifier models is shown to be dependent on the inherent
complexity of the gene expression data. Three specific quantitative measures of
classification complexity are proposed and one measure ( f) is shown to correlate highly
(R 2=0.82) with classifier accuracy in experimental data.
Three quantization methods are proposed to enhance contrast in gene expression
data and reduce classification complexity. The accuracy for cancer prognosis prediction
is shown to improve using quantization in two datasets studied: from 67% to 90% in lung
cancer and from 56% to 68% in colorectal cancer. A corresponding reduction in
classification complexity is also observed.
A random subspace based multivariable feature selection approach using costsensitive
analysis is proposed to model the underlying heterogeneous cancer biology and
address complexity due to multiple molecular pathways and unbalanced distribution of
samples into classes. The technique is shown to be more accurate than the univariate ttest
method. The classifier accuracy improves from 56% to 68% for colorectal cancer
prognosis prediction.
A published gene expression signature to predict radiosensitivity of tumor cells is
augmented with clinical indicators to enhance modeling of the data and represent the
underlying biology more closely. Statistical tests and experiments indicate that the
improvement in the model fit is a result of modeling the underlying biology rather than
statistical over-fitting of the data, thereby accommodating classification complexity
through the use of additional variables.
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Ville durable : des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d’une fabrique urbaine : Marseille ou l’exemple d’une ville méditerranéenne / Sustainable city : from concepts to concrete productions, what goes on behind the urban factory scenes : Marseille or the example of a mediterranen cityAugust, Zoé 13 December 2013 (has links)
Derrière l’apparent consensus de l’application du registre de la durabilité à la ville, notre recherche contribue à analyser, dans une perspective critique, ce que recouvre la locution de ville durable dans le champ de l’urbanisme. Nos investigations reposent tout d’abord sur l’étude des modalités d’émergence de l’expression, conjuguée à l’examen du traitement dont la notion fait l’objet dans la littérature scientifique et professionnelle. Nourrie du rapport dressé entre méditerranéité et pensée complexe (MORIN 1999), l’approche est ensuite incarnée au sein d’une ville méditerranéenne : Marseille. Elle se fonde alors sur l’analyse des représentations que les acteurs en charge de la fabrique urbaine se font de la ville durable, éclairant ainsi ce qui fonde leurs actions dans ce domaine. L’enjeu réside enfin dans la mise en regard de l’ensemble avec les conséquences matérielles, socio-spatiales et vécues des productions effectives. Celle-ci s'opère à travers un cheminement exploratoire sensible ponctué d’observations et de récits d’habitants, au sein d’un secteur dont les principes de réalisation sont rattachés à l’idée de ville durable. Notre parcours de thèse montre ainsi comment, exogène aux sphères de l’urbanisme, la notion de ville durable ne constitue pas un cadre suffisamment émancipateur et robuste pour permettre aux acteurs du champ de parvenir à un renouvellement des savoirs ni de s’affranchir des contraintes et tendances lourdes qui pèsent sur la fabrique urbaine. Il propose, ce faisant, une démarche écologique permettant d’explorer ce/ceux sur quoi/qui pourraient reposer la ou plutôt les durabilités urbaines et comment. / Whilst there seems to be a consensus on the feasibility of applying sustainability thinking to town and city development, our research contributes to the critical understanding of the notion of a sustainable city within the field of urban planning. We will begin with a study of the modalities of the emergence of this term, combining it with an analysis of the ways in which the notion is used in professional and scientific literature. Following on from the correspondence drawn between "méditerranéité" and complex thinking (MORIN 1999), our approach will then be embodied in the heart of a Mediterranean city : Marseille. Considering the mental pictures conjured up by the notion of sustainable city, we thus analyse the ways in which the elements of meaning previously highlighted are being used or not, interpreted, or even diverted, and how they influence decisions and actions. As the object of our work is the relationship between these and their material, socio-spatial and experiential impact, we then go on to conduct a sensitive exploration using observations and stories told by local residents within a sector in which actualisation principles are relating to the idea of sustainable city. This research shows, in the end, how the notion of sustainable city, which is exogenous to the domain of urban planning, does not offer a sufficiently emancipating or robust framework to allow the development of new “knowledge and know-how” or to outweigh the constraints and forceful trends that hinder the development of the town. This leads us to propose an "ecological" approach to explore what and whose contributions urban sustainability or rather sustainabilities might be built upon.
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Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage / Development of a multiobjective optimisation method for timber building : consideration of user comfort, environmental impact and structural safetyArmand Decker, Stéphanie 22 September 2015 (has links)
Les pays industrialisés cherchent aujourd’hui à réduire leur consommation d'énergie et à utiliser des matières premières de substitution, notamment renouvelables dont le bois fait partie. Pour promouvoir son usage, le développement de méthodes favorisant son recours dans les systèmes constructifs pour la construction multiétage est nécessaire.La conception d’un bâtiment est multicritère. Des objectifs contradictoires sont à optimiser simultanément. Des solutions de compromis Pareto-optimaux sont par exemple recherchées entre l’atteinte des meilleures performances d’usage et la limitation de l’impact environnemental du bâtiment. Ces travaux portent ainsi sur le développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif de systèmes constructifs bois adaptés au multiétage.Des objectifs de maximisation du confort vibratoire des planchers et de minimisation des besoins de chauffage, d’inconfort thermique, de potentiel de réchauffement climatique et d’énergie grise sont pris en compte. La méthode repose sur un algorithme d’optimisation multiobjectif par essaim particulaire capable de proposer un ensemble de solutions non-dominées constituant le front de Pareto. L’espace des solutions est contraint par des exigences réglementaires nécessaires à la sécurité de l’ouvrage. L’ensemble des fonctions-objectif est modélisé sous forme de fonctions analytiques. Les sorties d’intérêt du modèle de simulation thermique dynamique sont substituées par des métamodèles.La méthode développée est mise en oeuvre sur un cas d’étude. Les résultats obtenus offrent une grande diversité dans un panel de 20 000 solutions optimales. Ces résultats constituent un support de discussion entre les différents acteurs d’un projet de construction. / Industrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project.
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