Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T17:26:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ROGERIO_SANTOS_RAMME_PARCIAL.pdf: 184649 bytes, checksum: bbdf793d455af326dbc06d96035cfd28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T17:26:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ROGERIO_SANTOS_RAMME_PARCIAL.pdf: 184649 bytes, checksum: bbdf793d455af326dbc06d96035cfd28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T17:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ROGERIO_SANTOS_RAMME_PARCIAL.pdf: 184649 bytes, checksum: bbdf793d455af326dbc06d96035cfd28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aim of this thesis is to identify the normative dimensions of the fundamental duty of individuals towards the ecological balance of the environment, identifying the nature of the obligations arising from that obligation. The link between the object of the constitutional protection of the environment and the concept of ecosystem services is evidenced, which makes it possible to reinterpret the content of the obligations imposed on individuals by virtue of this fundamental duty. Although the fundamental ecological duty has content associated with the fundamental right to the environment, invests individuals in autonomous subjective positions, which will constitute obligations of conduct with positive or negative content, aimed at the protection of ecosystem services. Another important point of the research is to understand the conceptual distinction between ecosystem services and environmental services. The positive obligations stemming from the fundamental ecological duty have the identical object of what is being called environmental services. One of the viable paths to the realization of these obligations is the incentive. In this context, the protector-receiver principle is identified as a normative source that bases the consolidation of a promotional legal system, complementary to the rules of command and control. The concrete instrumentalization of the protectorrecipient principle, especially in countries of intense social inequality, should be thought of as an instrument of environmental justice. Thus serving not only as a source of income for the poorest who engage in environmental services, but also as a way of valuing the habits and cultures of traditional peoples and communities, which, without gaining anything in return, contribute to the generation of ecosystem services. / A presente tese objetiva identificar as dimens?es normativas do dever fundamental dos particulares para com o equil?brio ecol?gico do ambiente, identificando a natureza das obriga??es que decorrem desse dever. Evidencia-se a vincula??o existente entre o objeto da prote??o constitucional do ambiente ao conceito de servi?os ecossist?micos, o que permite reinterpretar o conte?do das obriga??es que se imp?em aos particulares por for?a desse dever fundamental. O dever fundamental ecol?gico, muito embora possua conte?do associado ao direito fundamental ao ambiente investe os indiv?duos em posi??es subjetivas aut?nomas, que v?o se constituir em obriga??es de conduta com conte?do positivo ou negativo, voltadas ? prote??o dos servi?os ecossist?micos. Outro ponto importante da pesquisa ? a distin??o conceitual entre servi?os ecossist?micos e servi?os ambientais. As obriga??es de cunho positivo que decorrem do dever fundamental ecol?gico, tem o id?ntico objeto daquilo que se est? a denominar por servi?os ambientais. Um dos caminhos vi?veis para a concretiza??o dessas obriga??es ? o do incentivo. Nesse contexto, se identifica o princ?pio do protetor-recebedor como fonte normativa que fundamenta a consolida??o de um sistema jur?dico promocional, complementar ?s normas de comando e controle. A instrumentaliza??o concreta do princ?pio do protetor-recebedor, sobretudo em pa?ses de intensa desigualdade social, n?o s? pode como deve ser pensado tamb?m como um instrumento de justi?a ambiental, servindo n?o apenas como uma fonte de renda para os mais carentes que se empenhem em servi?os ambientais, mas tamb?m como forma de valoriza??o dos h?bitos e culturas de povos e comunidades tradicionais, que, sem ganhar nada em troca, contribuem com a gera??o de servi?os ecossist?micos.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-20T11:28:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Mateus Marques Bueno.pdf: 6490424 bytes, checksum: f696a97cede78e62f97260ed46c9a661 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T11:28:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Mateus Marques Bueno.pdf: 6490424 bytes, checksum: f696a97cede78e62f97260ed46c9a661 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / In the marine fluvial plains, present along the Brazilian coast, there are intrinsic interaction between the agents coordinated by sea actions and fluvial dynamics. These interactions offer quantity and quality of environmental services to their river basins. This study characterized the Basin of the Guandu System (BHSG) and its flat land in relation to the offer of ecosystem services. Subsequently, it prospected on the factors that determine the supply and management of services as environmental assets in microbasins, strongly anthropized by mineral activity. Geoprocessing information was used to spatialize areas with similar ecosystem services and a local monitoring system to evaluate and size environmental services. The BHSG is home to Sepetiba marine fluvial plain in 50.21% of its area, whose altitude is less than 40 m, forms of flat or smooth undulating relief. In it interact the environmental effects produced by the rocky massifs of the high parts and the oscillations of the seas in the low parts. The combination of the contemporary geomorphological processes of the basin's hydrogel zones with their environmental attributes allowed the identification of homogeneous vocations of environmental services in the areas of abstraction and water regulation. As well, to identify the water effects where there is synergy between the Guandu rectified channel, built at 64 years and reserve areas around the original river bad, which were sectioned. In these places, there was an increase in upstream and downstream water flow reserve, which can be exploited for management purposes through the payment of environmental services. In the anthropogenic basin located in a region where the reservoir effects of the plain are inexpressive, the design of the water collection and management strategies in the riverbed with infiltration induction zones, through infiltration tanks, functioned as sediment retainers by preventing the emission of 29,000 t in 4 years. In addition to guaranteeing the supply of the average demand of 90 m3d-1 of raw water in a sparsely populated region with rainfall irregularity, historically exploited by subsistence agriculture, located in the peri-urban region of the RMRJ and with a predominantly negative annual climatic water balance, evidencing its potential to produce water under unfavorable conditions. / Nas plan?cies fl?vio marinha, presente ao longo da costa brasileira, existem intera??o intr?nseca entre os agentes coordenados pelas a??es do mar e a din?mica fluvial. Estas interagem e oferece quantidade e qualidade de servi?os ambientais ?s suas bacias hidrogr?ficas. Este estudo caracterizou a Bacia Hidrogr?fica do Sistema Guandu (BHSG) e sua plan?cie em rela??o a oferta de servi?os ecossist?micos. Posteriormente, prospectou sobre os fatores que determinam a oferta e manejo de servi?os como ativos ambientais em microbacias, fortemente antropizada por atividade mineral. Foram utilizadas informa??es de geoprocessamento para espacializar ?reas com servi?os ecossist?micos similares e sistema de monitoramento local para avaliar e dimensionar os servi?os ambientais. A BHSG abriga a plan?cie fl?vio marinha de Sepetiba em 50,21% de sua ?rea, cuja altitude ? inferior a 40 m, apresenta-se formas de relevo plano ou suave ondulado. Nela interagem os efeitos ambientais produzidos pelos maci?os rochosos das partes altas e as oscila??es dos mares nas partes baixas. A combina??o dos processos geomorfol?gicos contempor?neos das zonas hidrogen?ticas da bacia com seus atributos ambientais permitiu identificar voca??es homog?neas de presta??o de servi?os ambientais nas ?reas de capta??o e regula??o h?drica. Assim como, identificar os efeitos h?dricos onde h? sinergia entre o canal retificado do Guandu, constru?do a 64 anos e ?reas de reserva??o no entorno dos talvegues originais, que foram seccionados. Nestes locais, observou-se aumento da reserva??o dos fluxos h?dricos ? montante e diminui??o a jusante, que podem ser explorados para fins de manejo via pagamento de servi?os ambientais. Na bacia antropizada situado em regi?o onde os efeitos de reserva??o da plan?cie ? inexpressivo, o desenho das estrat?gias de coleta e administra??o h?drica nos talvegues com zonas de indu??o de infiltra??o, por meio de tanques de infiltra??es, funcionaram como retentores de sedimentos ao impedir a emiss?o de 29.000 t em 4 anos. Al?m de garantir o abastecimento da demanda m?dia de 90 m3d-1 de ?gua bruta em regi?o de escassa e com irregularidade de chuvas, explorada historicamente por agricultura de subsist?ncia, situada em regi?o periurbana da RMRJ e com balan?o h?drico climatol?gico anual predominantemente negativo no tempo, evidenciando o seu potencial de produ??o de ?gua em condi??es desfavor?veis

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-02-01T11:44:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO SEMERIA RUSCHEL.pdf: 4638678 bytes, checksum: d4d1202cce0328177e98030dac7e0f3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-01T11:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO SEMERIA RUSCHEL.pdf: 4638678 bytes, checksum: d4d1202cce0328177e98030dac7e0f3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / This work presents the potential of carbon sequestration and provision of other ecosystem services in the Permanent Preservation Areas along the watercourses of the city of Campinas-SP. Also, the cost associated with the carbon sequestration service was calculated and how much the municipality would benefit from creating a market for the carbon credits generated in the reforestation projects in these areas. It was shown that the commercialization of credits would cover up to 46% of the project implementation costs. In addition to carbon sequestration, the recovery of PPAs along watercourses provides additional ecosystem services to the municipality, which if contemplated in the cost-benefit analysis of reforestation projects represent the largest portion of the total benefits. Therefore, the inclusion of the benefits generated by the additional ecosystem services has proved to be fundamental to make the recovery of PPAs economically viable. / Este trabalho apresenta o potencial de fixacao de carbono e provisao de demais servicos ecossistemicos das Areas de Preservacao Permanente ao longo dos cursos d?agua do municipio de Campinas-SP. Ainda, calculou-se o custo associado ao servico de fixacao de carbono e o quanto o municipio se beneficiaria ao criar um mercado para os creditos de carbono gerados nos projetos de reflorestamento destas areas. Foi demonstrado que a comercializacao dos creditos cobriria ate 46% dos custos de implantacao dos projetos. Alem da fixacao de carbono, a recuperacao das APPs ao longo de cursos d?agua proporciona servicos ecossistemicos adicionais ao municipio, e que se contemplados na analise custo-beneficio dos projetos de reflorestamento representam a maior porcao dos beneficios totais. Portanto, a inclusao dos beneficios gerados pelos servicos ecossistemicos adicionais mostrou-se fundamental para tornar a recuperacao das APPs economicamente viavel.