As ações educativas sobre sustentabilidade ambiental constituem uma ferramenta cujo intuito é aumentar a consciência das pessoas sobre os problemas ambientais e sobre suas consequências para a humanidade. Quando bem estruturadas e aplicadas, elas têm um papel importante na mudança dos hábitos das pessoas. Nesse sentido, as organizações podem contribuir aplicando-as a seus funcionários e a outros stakeholders. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar como as empresas da indústria de defensivos agrícolas e prestadoras de serviço ambiental desenvolvem seus sistemas de treinamento, desenvolvimento e educação (TD&E) relacionados à sustentabilidade ambiental. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos em duas empresas. Uma indústria de defensivos agrícolas e uma empresa prestadora de serviços ambientais. Com esses estudos de caso, foi possível entender a interação do departamento de recursos humanos para essas ações de sustentabilidade ambiental, ver como a EA e a EDS são trabalhadas com os funcionários de diferentes níveis organizacionais. Foi possível também entender como as empresas realizam o levantamento de necessidade de treinamento (LNT), como elas planejam e como avaliam as ações educacionais para sustentabilidade ambiental. Como implicações práticas, é possível afirmar que sessões mais curtas (com até duas horas), combinação de técnicas de ensino e uso de estudo de caso ao final da ação educacional como forma de avaliação contribuem para despertar interesse dos aprendizes e fixar o conteúdo com mais facilidade. É importante oferecer ambiente e ferramentas adequados para a realização de ações educativas para sustentabilidade ambiental em ambiente externo (fora das salas de aula). / Educational actions on environmental sustainability are a tool whose aim is to increase the people\'s consciousness about the environment problems and their consequences for mankind. These actions, when well structured and applied, play an important role in changing people\'s habits. In this context, companies can contribute by applying such actions to their employees and other stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to identify how crop protection industry and environmental service companies develop their TD&E systems for environmental sustainability. In order to achieve such objectives, a multiple-case study of two companies, one crop protection industry and other providing environmental services, was conducted. With these case studies, it was possible to understand the interaction between human resource department and environmental sustainability actions, including how environmental education (EE) and environmental sustainability education (ESE) are applied to employees at different organizational levels. It was also possible to know how companies perform their training need assessment and how they plan and evaluate educational actions for environmental sustainability. In terms of practical implications, one can state that shorter sessions (up to 2 hours long), combination of teaching techniques, and use of case study as a form of evaluation at the end of the education action contribute to trigger the learners\' interest and fix the content more easily. It is important to offer adequate milieu and tools for conducting education actions for environmental sustainability out of the class room.

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, the economic expansion is not without complications. Improved standard of living and a growing industrial sector have led to an increased demand of energy, which in turn is contributing to air pollution and land contamination. The research problem of the study is what is keeping existing Energy Services (ES) in Shanghai from being used more frequently. To answer this, a sequential mixed method study is conducted, divided into a qualitative and quantitative part. The literature study indicates a great potential for ES in Shanghai. This is mainly due to great efforts taken in Energy Efficiency (EE), an attempt to face the rapidly increasing population by reducing the usage of energy. A number of barriers for ES are found throughout the existing literature, including market, financial, institutional as well as technological barriers. To further investigate barriers and opportunities on the ES market in Shanghai, 14 semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders and academics were conducted. Hypothesizes were formulated based on results from the interview and literature study as well as an expert panel. To test the hypotheses a questionnaire was sent out to real estate developers in Shanghai. This study discovers the need of bringing several in the literature identified barriers to ES in Shanghai up to date. Some barriers were found to be invalid while others were not identified at all. The newly found barriers include market barriers, such as ES having low priority, poor technological understanding among clients, and complications approaching and communicating with potential clients.  For institutional barriers, it was found that the prevalence of low margins in the Chinese industries is holding back stricter regulations. Furthermore, the Energy Service Companies’ (ESCO) lack of understanding of ES from a system perspective is considered a technology barrier. In addition to the barriers, a number of opportunities were found. Improved communication between real estate stakeholders and ESCOs contribute to greater awareness and knowledge, which in turn leads to a higher degree of investment in ES. Differentiation of the services offered by ESCOs may attract new customers who previously were not interested, e.g. companies with short investment horizon. In Shanghai, there are a significant number of subsidies, regulations and laws favoring ES. Moreover, the rapid growth of Shanghai is considered one of the greater opportunities. To conclude, it was found that the maturity level among ESCOs in Shanghai was having large impact on the overall usage of ES. Fixed barriers, i.e. barriers nearly impossible to overcome, together with the large amount of small and inexperienced ESCOs is found to be hindering ES in the Shanghai commercial real estate sector from being used more frequently. / Kina ett är en av de snabbast växande ekonomierna i världen. Den ekonomiska expansionen är emellertid inte helt utan problem. Med bättre levnadsstandard och en allt större industrisektor ökar behovet av energi explosionsartat med förorenad mark och luft som följd.  Studiens problemformulering är vad det är som hindrar befintliga energitjänster i Shanghais byggnadssektor från att användas oftare. För att svara på denna fråga användes en sekventiellt multidisciplinär metod uppdelad i en kvalitativ och- kvantitativ studie. Utifrån litteraturen är det uppenbart att det finns en stor potential för användning av energitjänster i Shanghai. Främst till följd av stora satsningar på energieffektivitet i ett försök att möta den snabbväxande befolkningen med högre krav på levnadsstandard genom att minska energianvändningen. Ett antal hinder existerar emellertid inom Shanghais energitjänstemarknad. Inom dessa inkluderas allt ifrån marknads- och finansiella problem till institutionella och teknologiska komplikationer. För att vidare undersöka vilka problem och möjligheter det finns för energitjänster i Shanghai genomfördes 14 semi-strukturerade intervjuer med involverade aktörer och akademiker i Shanghai. Baserat på resultatet från intervjuerna tillsammans med litteraturstudien och en expert panel formulerades hypoteser härrörande energitjänstesituationen. För att testa hypoteserna genomfördes en enkätundersökning riktad till fastighetsutvecklare i Shanghai. Studien visade att många av de tidigare utpekade hindren för energitjänster i Shanghai behövdes uppdateras, varav vissa visade sig vara obsoleta och några inte gick att verifiera. Bland de nyfunna barriärerna kan nämnas marknadsbarriärer som låg prioritering för energitjänster, låg teknisk kompetens bland fastighetsägare samt svårigheter för energitjänstebolag att närma och kommunicera med potentiella kunder. För de institutionella barriärerna framgick att låga marginaler inom den kinesiska industrin håller tillbaka hårdare regleringar. Inom de tekniska barriärerna framkom att energitjänstebolag generellt sett brister i deras kunskap om energitjänster som kan tillgodose hela byggnaders energisystem. Utöver problemen identifierades även betydande möjligheter. Ökad kommunikation mellan aktörerna bidrar till större kunskap vilket i sin tur leder till en högre grad av energitjänsteinvesteringar. Genom att differentiera de tjänster energitjänsteföretag erbjuder kan de hitta nya kunder som tidigare inte varit intresserade, framförallt sådana med kort investeringshorisont. I Shanghai finns det ett betydande antal subventioneringar, regler och lagar som gynnar energitjänster. Även Shanghais tillväxt ses som en av de stora möjligheterna. Studien kommer fram till att en låg mognadsgraden bland energitjänstebolag i Shanghai negativt påverkan användningen av energitjänster. Existensen av flera fasta barriärer, barriärer som är svåra att påverka, tillsammans med det faktum att majoriteten av energitjänstebolag är små och oerfarna ses som den främsta orsaken till att energitjänster inte används i större utsträckning i Shanghai.