Orientador: Paulo Eduardo de Andrade Baltar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morais_LeandroPereira_M.pdf: 1251132 bytes, checksum: c37b12c24c57b8e78bc691de2a1313ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A década de 1990 é marcada por um processo de desestruturação do mercado de trabalho nacional e tem como marcos principais, o aumento da informalidade e do desemprego. A nova dinâmica do mercado de trabalho caracteriza-se pela desarticulação da base do trabalho assalariado e pelo aumento intensivo dos segmentos ocupacionais não assalariados voltados, em sua grande parte, para o atendimento de serviços pessoais e domiciliares, ou seja, em ocupações de baixa qualificação, baixo rendimento e com altos níveis de informalidade. No entanto, frente às dificuldades metodológicas e conceituais inerentes ao estudo do setor de serviços, além da indefinição de uma tipologia clara, precisa e sistematizada que contemple os serviços pessoais e domiciliares, cabem algumas indagações, tais como: o que são e quais atividades compreendem estes tipos de serviços? Como proceder, do ponto de vista metodológico, na investigação destas atividades? Quem são e qual o perfil de seus ocupados? Neste sentido, frente ao atual contexto de desigualdade socioeconômica e de dificuldades de inserção no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, este trabalho tem o intuito de fomentar uma reflexão acerca da problemática referente à dinâmica dos serviços pessoais e domiciliares, a começar pela tentativa de propor uma tipologia teoricamente justificável e operacional, tendo em vista as diferentes formas de utilização do termo na literatura especializada. Posteriormente, a partir desta tipologia proposta, pretende-se, com base em tabulações especiais nos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílio ¿ PNAD, analisar o perfil dos ocupados neste subsetor que respondeu pela maioria dos ocupados em serviços ao longo do período analisado (1992-2001), mas que, por outro lado, apresenta os menores níveis de remuneração. Vale notar que embora tenha havido certa ¿modernização¿ em algumas de suas ocupações, sobretudo às ligadas à prestação de serviços para uma camada com diferenciado poder aquisitivo, onde as exigências técnica e de qualificação e formação superior sejam condições necessárias para que se possa ocupar determinados postos de trabalho, como por exemplo, esteticistas, personal trainner, maitrês, etc., ainda persiste uma considerável gama de ocupados em serviços mais ¿tradicionais¿, sobretudo nos serviços domésticos remunerados que representam quase 45% do total dos ocupados neste subsetor / Abstract: The decade of 1990 is marked by a process which undermines the structure of the domestic work market in Brazil and this period has a main characteristics the increase of informality and joblessness. The new dynamics of the work market is characterized by the disarticulation of the waged work in its basis and by the steady increase of non-waged occupational segments turned, most part, to the fulfillment of personal and household services, i.e., occupations which require low qualification and which offer low income and high levels of informality. However, considering the methodological and conceptual difficulties related to the study of sector services and the lack of a clear, precise and systematized type definition which would involve personal and household services, some questions arise, such as: a) what are these activities and what kind of services do they offer? b) how to proceed, from the methodological point of view, in the investigation of such activities? c) Who are the people employed in these activities and which is their profile? Considering the current context of socio-economical differences and the difficulties one has to overcome in order to enter the work market in Brazil, this paper has a goal to provoke a reflection about the problems related to the dynamics of personal and household services, starting with the try of proposing an operational and theoretically justifiable type definition, bearing in mind the different uses of this term in specialized literature. Hater, from the proposed type definition, based on the special tables of micro data compiled by PNAD, there is the intention of analyzing the profile of the people employed in this sector who respond for the majority of employed people during the studied period (1992-2001); on the other hand, those same people present the lowest levels of income. It is worth noticing that although there have been modern advances in some of this occupations, especially the ones turned to people with a high standard of living, activities which require some qualification, graduation and technical demands, such as beauty technicians, personal trainers, chefs, etc, there is a large number of people still employed in more traditional activities and they work in waged household jobs and who make 45% of people employed in this sub sector / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Ruy de Quadros Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T07:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_AlairHelena_D.pdf: 1032139 bytes, checksum: 3003709e69f1095e8c857831fe1df8f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo principal desta tese é discutir os Serviços Produtivos Intensivos em Conhecimento (SPICs) do ponto de vista das características das empresas prestadoras de serviços que pertencem à cadeia de telecomunicações, em particular no segmento de telefonia fixa e móvel. As diversas empresas que são analisadas nessa pesquisa atuam em atividades como desenvolvimento de software e aplicativos para utilização em celular, serviços de consultoria para empresas operadoras de telecomunicações até empresas de equipamentos que prestam serviços de alto valor agregado. A partir desse grupo de empresas entrevistadas são discutidas a existência e a natureza dos SPICs no Brasil nesse setor, além de mapear as empresas nacionais e estrangeiras que atuam nele, verificando qual o espaço ocupado por cada uma delas no mercado. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de duas vertentes. Primeiro, foi feita uma análise de dados estatísticos da Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP, 2001), realizada pela Fundação Seade (FSeade, 2001), para traçar um perfil desses serviços em São Paulo. Em uma segunda etapa realizou- se uma pesquisa empírica com empresas de vários estados e de caráter não só quantitativo como também qualitativo, para entender a dinâmica dessas empresas. Os resultados mostram uma alta porcentagem de empresas que fizeram inovação por meio de investimentos em P&D ¿ aqui também entendido como atividades de engenharia e desenvolvimento de novo software ¿ e usaram mão-de-obra qualificada. Também foram observadas outras características dos SPICs, como alta interação com o mercado e institutos de pesquisa e entre empresas multinacionais e locais. A pesquisa confirmou a importância da qualificação do pessoal para o desenvolvimento da inovação, mostrando claramente uma maior participação média de graduados, mestres e doutores nas áreas de P&D das empresas que realizaram inovação. Foi confirmada, portanto, a existência de SPICs na cadeia produtiva de telecomunicações no Brasil e não somente um fenômeno de terceirização de atividades rotineiras pré-existentes nas empresas do setor / Abstract: This thesis¿ main goal is to discuss the Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS), from the standpoint of service companies belonging to the telecommunications sector, particularly to the fixed and mobile telephony segment. The several analyzed companies in this research perform activities such as software development, including cellphone applications, consulting services to the telecommunications operators and even hardware suppliers that perform services of high added value. From this group of interviewed companies this work discusses the existence and nature of SPICs in Brazil in this sector and maps the national and foreign companies within it, verifying which niche each occupies in the market. The work was developed in two main approaches. First it analyzes the statistical data from the Economic Activity Research in the State of São Paulo (PAEP, 2001), undertaken by the Seade Foundation, to draw a profile of these services in São Paulo. In a second step, an empirical research was made with firms from several States and not only with a quantitative character, but also qualitative, to understand the dynamics of these firms. The results of this doctorate work show that a large percentage of firms that innovated through investments in R&D - also understood here as engineering and development of new software - and used a qualified work force. Other characteristics of KIBS were also observed, such as the high interaction with the market and research institutes as well as between multinational and local enterprises. The research confirmed the importance of personnel qualification to develop innovations, showing clearly a greater average participation of graduates, masters and doctors in the R&D areas of the firms that have innovated. The existence of KIBS in the telecommunications sector in Brazil, not only as a phenomenon of outsourcing pre-existing rotine activities in enterprises of in this sector, was, therefore, confirmed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

The principle of the right to strike is Internationally recognised. Although the right to strike is not set out explicitly in the International Labour Organizations (ILO) Conventions and Recommendations. It has been discussed on several occasions in the International Labour Conference during the course of preparatory work on instruments dealing with related topics, but for various reasons this has never given rise to international standards (Conventions or Recommendations) directly governing the right to strike. The ILO has determined that the right to strike can be derived from the right to Freedom of Association. The ILO Committee does however recognises certain limitations on the right to strike such as not finding any objection to national legislation that would prohibit the right to strike of armed or police forces. Both the Committee on Freedom of Association and the Committee of experts were also mindful, where public servants are concerned, that the recognition of the right to association of public servants in no way prejudges the question of the right of public servants to strike. The ILO also makes provision for the establishment of essential services as to ensure the continuation of services were the interruption of such would endanger the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population. In this limitation it however holds that a “minimum safety service” may be imposed to ensure the safety of persons, the prevention of accidents and the safety of machinery and equipment In our Constitution, the supreme law of the Country, the right to strike is enshrined and protected in section 23 under the bill of rights. The Constitution however allows enabling legislation, under specific circumstances, to limit a right listed in section 23. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) places a limitation on the right to strike, specifically providing that no person may take part in a strike if that person is engaged in an essential service. Because the right to strike is so important, a limitation of these kind needs to be justified and, to be justified it needs, among other things, to be limited. In section 72 of the LRA provision is made for a minimum service within a designated essential service. Therefore, the ambit of the designated essential service is shrunk to the minimum service and those employees who were denied the right to strike while the broader essential service designation was in place, but who fall outside the defined minimum service, regains the right to strike. The concept of minimum services has however became a matter of regular discussion and debate. The concept of minimum services is not defined to the letter but it is regarded as the minimum service an industry or workplace would require as to ensure interruption of services would not endanger the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population. Our legislatures have also been grappling with the concept of essential and minimum services. They have developed a comprehensive set of amendments trying to address some of the concerns in the composition, powers and functions of the Essential Services Committee (ESC). It is debatable if these proposed amendments would bring forth the necessary change to address these concerns or just become a further bureaucratic hindrance and due to the extreme complexity may even pose a limitation on the right to strike. There is also no differentiation made in the current labour legislation and the proposed amendments, between the public service and the private sector in application of the principle of essential and minimum services. Implementation of these principles in the public services has shown to be extremely challenging. Part of the proposed amendments however makes provision for the specific inclusion of government in the composition of the ESC. It is viewed by the drafters, that the introduction of government nominees to be an innovation to ensure that government is adequately represented on the essential services committee in its capacity as an employer, as a high proportion of essential service matters occur within the public service. This may be viewed as contrary to International standards as the ILO makes clear provision for a differentiated interpretation of the right to freedom of association, the right to strike, essential services and minimum services for people performing functions in the name of the State (public servants). The concept of public servant varies considerably from one country to another. Germany within their governance structure makes provision for a differentiation between civil servants and public servants and the labour rights the two groups may have. In France the military, police and prison services does not have the right to strike. In India public service employees have very limited organising and collective bargaining rights. In Brazil the police and the military do not have the right to strike and there are no legal provisions concerning the right to strike for civil servants. This is in strong contrast with the South African model. The South African Constitution and National Legislation does not allow for a differentiation in the application of labour legislation in the public service and the private sector. The application of the principles of labour relations and more specifically that of the right to strike and the determination of essential services must differ in the public services from that of the private sector. The public service is unique in that when workers in strike action it is not a purely defined labour process between an employer and employees but the public at large becomes a third player within the process. When public servants engage in industrial action they do not only deprive the community of certain rights, but indirectly deprive themselves from the same rights. There has been a resistant fear to implement the provisions of minimum services within the designated essential services within the public service, mainly because of the challenges in conceptualization of the practical implementation of the same. The environment created by the LRA does not specifically provide for the unique circumstances of the public service. The right to strike is a fundamental right for workers and therefore public servants won’t forfeit such. There is a recognition that the State needs to deliver services which will necessitate the application of the principle of essential services. However the answer will be in how minimum services is determined within these essential services. An answer that may not necessarily be contained within the Labour Relations Act.

Six Sigma is a business improvement strategy that aims to improve process performance using a structured methodology that identifies and removes the causes of defects in manufacturing and business processes, while implementing the lean concepts attempts to remove wasteful activities from those processes. In practice, the Six Sigma strategy and the Lean philosophy are combined and often viewed as one integrated philosophy, where the philosophy of Lean Six Sigma simultaneously removes wasteful activities from a process and reduces the variability of that process. This thesis research reviews the concepts and implementation of Lean thinking, Six Sigma strategy, and the integrated concept of Lean Six Sigma, with emphasis in service organizations. Most importantly, this thesis summarizes the critical success factors for implementing Lean Six Sigma within a service business environment and categorizes them within a proposed multi-level taxonomy that can be used by service business units and service providers to improve the .success of Lean Six Sigma implementation

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This research specifically addresses the issue of construct validity as it applies to past research in the study of services. Existing empirical research efforts examining the services sector have largely produced mixed results and have consistently failed to support a theoretical framework from which a greater understanding of service organizations could be developed. This has been the case in spite of the seemingly correctness and strong theoretical support for existing models. Thus, this study did not undertake an attempt to develop a new model for understanding services, rather, the goal was to extend existing theory through operationalizing a construct valid definition of the service concept. / Ph. D.

This thesis developed a normative model for designing advertising communications for entertainers in particular fields. Models in four major areas of advertising communication (segmentation, positioning, strategy and creative decisions) were reviewed and a model was developed that was tailored to the entertainment service industry. Based on each model, hypotheses were developed to posit relationships between easily identified and accessed restaurant characteristics (location, classification, atmosphere style and current entertainment status) and interest in hiring entertainment, entertainment form attractiveness and consumer involvement. These hypotheses postulated that there were differences, based on restaurant groupings by the characteristics, in terms of restaurant managers' interest in hiring magic, perceptions of attractiveness and involvement. The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase was an informal pilot study that determined salient attributes and entertainment services for consideration in positioning; the second phase was the use of a personal interview survey to examine the attitudes of restaurant managers in Southwest Virginia toward entertainment in general, and magic in particular. Magic was selected as a representative entertainment form for testing of the conceptual model. In general, the analysis provided good support for the hypothesized relationships. All hypotheses showed significant results for at least some of their component parts, the primary exception being the belief that restaurant managers differ in their attitudes by the location of their restaurants. Finally, the major findings of the research were used to discuss managerial recommendations for designing an advertising communication for magicians. Limitations and implications for future research were also discussed. / Master of Science

There is an increased emphasis in management literature on the use of strategic management as the primary means of adapting organizations to their changing environments. For firms in the maturing hospitality industry to survive and succeed, they will have to depend upon their ability to strategically align themselves with the turbulent environment, and select appropriate strategies to create defendable competitive positions. Success in strategy implementation depends partly on whether a firm's strategy is congruent and complementary with its structure, and this match is expected to have a positive impact on financial performance. With that in mind, a study was carried out in 1987. The objectives of the study were: 1) to examine restaurant firms based on the context of Porter's strategic typologies at the business unit level to see if they espouse one of his three generic strategies: overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus; 2) to examine the relationship between structural attributes and generic strategy in restaurant firms, these attributes were specialization, formalization, and centralization; 3) to examine the relationship between strategy, structure, and financial performance of restaurant firms. Three performance measures were used: return on assets, return on sales, and growth in unit sales. Following a pilot-test phase, the top management team in 296 American multi-unit restaurant firms were surveyed, using a structured questionnaire. Ninety-one firms participated in the survey, giving a 30.7% response rate. The sample was well represented by all major segments in the restaurant industry. Based on the purposes and research questions, three sets of hypotheses were derived to determine the relationship of strategy and structure in restaurant firms, the relationship of strategy and performance, and the differences in structure among the high performers and low performers in each of the strategy groups. T-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analyses were conducted to examine these relationships. The level of significance, alpha value, was set at 0.05. Results indicated that strategy was not related to structure in restaurant firms, and that it only affected one of the performance measures, return on sales. It was found that certain performance measures were related to structure for companies espoused in low cost and focus strategy, but not to differentiation strategy. These findings were inconclusive in validating Porter's model. Some of the probable reasons are: 1) Porter's generic strategies may not be applicable for the service industry due to the existence of the fundamental differences in manufacturing and service, 2) the unique characteristics of the restaurant business and the relatively short life cycle of an innovative product or service. / Ph. D.