A indústria de desenvolvimento de software está em constante evolução e em busca de novos desafios, como por exemplo: novas tecnologias, linguagens de programação e estratégias para aumentar a produtividade no desenvolvimento. Com o passar do tempo, essa evolução desejada tem se concretizado, em especial com o surgimento de conceitos como Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) e Model-Driven Development (MDD). Nesse contexto, ganha importância a reutilização de software, por exemplo por meio do uso de serviços que facilitam a interoperabilidade entre diferentes sistemas. Ambientes de desenvolvimento de software, em especial ambientes de reúso de software, poderiam se adequar à arquitetura SOA para facilitar a disponibilização de serviços a outros ambientes, promovendo sua integração e aumentando a possibilidade de reúso. Após um levantamento bibliográfico sobre ambientes integrados de reúso que utilizassem serviços para permitir o compartilhamento de recursos, percebeu-se que os trabalhos nessa direção são poucos. Ao mesmo tempo, observou-se que para integração de sistemas por meio de serviços é necessário criar camadas de acesso às entidades dos sistemas que compartilharão informações. A implementação desses serviços de forma manual é repetitiva e sujeita a erros, principalmente por programadores que não estão familiarizados com SOA. Por outro lado, diagramas de classes em UML (Unified Modeling Language) são de amplo conhecimento por parte de desenvolvedores e estão em um nível de abstração que é suficientemente detalhado para permitir a derivação de serviços de acesso às suas classes. Desta forma, para atender uma demanda crescente de sistemas que precisam oferecer serviços para possibilitar sua integração com outros sistemas, este mestrado tem por objetivo promover a geração automatizada de código de serviços por meio de transformações de modelo para texto, em que o modelo de entrada é um diagrama de classes derivado da UML e os serviços gerados cobrem operações básicas do tipo CRUD. O gerador resultante foi validado por meio de duas provas de conceito e mostrou-se adequado para cumprir os objetivos estabelecidos, visto que o desenvolvedor trabalha com um modelo em alto nível de abstração, não precisando conhecer os detalhes inerentes à implementação dos serviços. / The software development industry is constantly evolving and looking for challenges, such as: new technologies, programming languages and strategies to increase developers productivity. During the course of time, this required evolution has been concretized, especially with the emergency of concepts such as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Model-Driven Development (MDD). In this context, software reuse gains importance, for example through the use of services that ease the interoperability of different systems. Software development environments, in special reuse environments, could be adapted to the SOA architecture to ease the availability of services to other environments, thus promoting its integration and possibility of reuse. After a literature review about integrated reuse environments that use services to allow resources sharing, it has been observed that there are only a few works in this direction. At the same time, it was observed that for system integration through services it is required to create an access layer for the system entities that share information. The manual implementation of these services is repetitive and error prone, especially for programmers who are not familiar with SOA. On the other hand, UML (Unified Modeling Language) class diagrams are widely known by developers and are at a level of abstraction that is sufficiently detailed to allow the derivation of access services to their classes. Thus, to meet a growing demand for systems that need to provide services to enable its integration with other systems, this masters dissertation aims to promote the automated generation of service code through transformations from model to text, where the input model is a class diagram derived from UML, and the generated services cover the basic CRUD operations. The resulting generator has been validated through two proofs of concepts and was adequate to meet the stated objectives, as the developer works with a model in a high abstraction level, and does not need to know the details related with the service implementation.

Das Gebiet der Serviceentwicklung im Rahmen serviceorientierter Architekturen, als auch der Bereich der Geschäfts­prozessmodellierung gewannen in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung. Aus fachlicher Sicht stellt die Analyse, Simulation und Optimierung aktueller und zukünftiger Geschäftsprozesse ein wertvolles Instrument zur Erkennung von Schwachstellen und der Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Unternehmen dar. Aus IT-Sicht bietet die Service­orientierung die Möglichkeit, Unternehmensressourcen über öffentliche und private Schnittstellen verfügbar, und damit die Position des Unternehmens im Netzwerk von Lieferanten, Kunden und Geschäfts­partnern zu stärken. Den Kern dieser Arbeit bildet die Untersuchung des Spannungsfeldes zwischen fachlicher Geschäfts­­­prozess- und Servicemodellierung, sowie der Ausführung von Geschäftsprozessen auf techni­scher Ebene, die durch Services unterstützt werden. Im Fokus der Betrachtung liegt der unter­nehmens- bzw. organisations­übergreifende Bereich, insbesondere der Finanzdienst­leistungs­sektor. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wird ein allgemeines Begriffsverständnis zu Bereichen Service- und Prozess­modellierung geschaffen, die im Hauptteil der Arbeit verfeinert und ergänzt werden, um die Beson­der­heiten und Problemfelder für den überbetrieblichen Bereich verständlich zu machen. Dabei wird das RosettaNet-Frame­work als Rahmenwerk zur Gestaltung von elektronischen Geschäfts­prozessen beschrieben und im letzten Teil der Arbeit zur Implementierung eines konkreten Geschäfts­­prozesses im Vertriebsprozess heran­gezogen. Zu diesem Zweck wird der ORACLE WebLogic Application Server verwendet.:1 Einleitung 2 Grundlagen der Service- und Prozessmodellierung 2.1 Grundlagen der Servicemodellierung 2.2 Grundlagen der Geschäftsprozessmodellierung 2.3 Zusammenhänge zwischen Prozess- und Servicemodellierung 2.4 Zusammenfassung 3 Entwicklung organisationsübergreifender Prozesse und Services 3.1 Motivation und Zweck unternehmensübergreifender Prozesse 3.2 Grundlagen öffentlicher Prozesse 3.3 Grundlagen öffentlicher Services 3.4 Organisation und Architektur unternehmensübergreifender Prozesse und Services 3.5 Organisationsübergreifende Prozesse am Beispiel von RosettaNet 4 Unterstützung des Vertriebs im Finanzdienstleistungsbereich durch RosettaNet 4.1 Referenzprozess Vertrieb als Beispiel eines unternehmensübergreifenden Prozesses 4.2 Fallbeispiel Bestellung im Rahmen des Vertriebsprozesses 4.3 Implementierung des Fallbeispiels mit dem ORACLE WebLogic Server 4.4 Modellierung des Vertriebsprozesses mithilfe der Business Process Modeling Notation 5 Schluss

The planning work prior to implementing an SOA migration project is very important for its success. Up to now, most of this kind of work has been manual work. An SOA migration planning approach based on intelligent information processing methods is addressed to semi-automate the manual work. This thesis will investigate the principle research question: 'How can we obtain SOA migration planning schemas (semi-) automatically instead of by traditional manual work in order to determine if legacy software systems should be migrated to SOA computation environment?'. The controlled experiment research method has been adopted for directing research throughout the whole thesis. Data mining methods are used to analyse SOA migration source and migration targets. The mined information will be the supplementation of traditional analysis results. Text similarity measurement methods are used to measure the matching relationship between migration sources and migration targets. It implements the quantitative analysis of matching relationships instead of common qualitative analysis. Concretely, an association rule and sequence pattern mining algorithms are proposed to analyse legacy assets and domain logics for establishing a Service model and a Component model. These two algorithms can mine all motifs with any min-support number without assuming any ordering. It is better than the existing algorithms for establishing Service models and Component models in SOA migration situations. Two matching strategies based on keyword level and superficial semantic levels are described, which can calculate the degree of similarity between legacy components and domain services effectively. Two decision-making methods based on similarity matrix and hybrid information are investigated, which are for creating SOA migration planning schemas. Finally a simple evaluation method is depicted. Two case studies on migrating e-learning legacy systems to SOA have been explored. The results show the proposed approach is encouraging and applicable. Therefore, the SOA migration planning schemas can be created semi-automatically instead of by traditional manual work by using data mining and text similarity measurement methods.

A distributed business process is executed in a distributed computing environment. The service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is a popular option for the integration of software services and execution of distributed business processes. Entailment constraints, such as mutual exclusion and binding constraints, are important means to control process execution. Mutually exclusive tasks result from the division of powerful rights and responsibilities to prevent fraud and abuse. In contrast, binding constraints define that a subject who performed one task must also perform the corresponding bound task(s). (authors' abstract)

Next Generation Networks (NGNs) aim to provide a unified network infrastructure to offer multimedia data and telecommunication services through IP convergence. NGNs utilize multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies, creating a converged packet-switched network infrastructure, where service-related functions are separated from the transport functions. This requires significant changes in the way how networks are managed to handle the complexity and heterogeneity of NGNs. This thesis proposes a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based management framework that integrates heterogeneous management systems in a loose coupling manner. The key benefit of the proposed management architecture is the reduction of the complexity through service and data integration. A network management middleware layer that merges low level management functionality with higher level management operations to resolve the problem of heterogeneity was proposed. A prototype was implemented using Web Services and a testbed was developed using trouble ticket systems as the management application to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed framework. Test results show the correcting functioning of the system. It also concludes that the proposed framework fulfils the principles behind the SOA philosophy.

Using the Internet for teaching and learning has become a trend in modern higher education, facilitated through the exploitation of advanced computing technologies. Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) applications support online learning over the Internet, and VLEs have thus emerged as e-learning domains that are essential prerequisites in cutting edge design and implementation technologies in education. Service Oriented Computing (SOC), as a novel software development and implementation approach, has become an active area of research and development. Web services, as an example of SOC, support the integration of software applications in an incremental way, using existing platforms and languages that utilize and adopt existing legacy systems. Thus, VLEs should be particularly well suited to Web services through the SOC approach. VLE services is a field subjected to continuous development but VLEs as Web services are still not generally accessible for academic institutions, although they have been adopted by some scientific projects. The next generation of VLEs should address the limitations of the current online systems by providing a richer context for online learning, one that is sensitive to the specific domain requirements of e-learning. Web Services Matching and Selection (WSMS), as a part of the functional requirements of Web services, has received less attention from SOC researchers. It involves discovering a set of semantically equivalent services by filtering a set of available services based on service metadata, and instantaneously selecting the best possible service. WSMS is the discovery of a service by a user, where correspondence is established between the objectives of the consumer and the capabilities of the service. It thereby aims to match and select the optimal service that best meets the requestor's needs. The main aim of this doctoral work is to explore novel architectural designs for VLEs, based on the SOC paradigm and its related techniques. In addition, this investigation aims to extend the core ideas behind VLE tools, which are gradually becoming dominant within academic institutes. Another aim is to devise a policy- based technique to enforce security requirements for VLEs and to build a test-bed for VLE security based on Modular Moodle. The fundamental contribution of this thesis that it demonstrates that VLEs can be considered as services, which can be published, discovered and composed as perceived in the SOC paradigm. An additional contribution to the knowledge is that it has built a new extension to the structure of Web services: the Web Services Matching and Selection (WSMS) system. Another contribution to the knowledge is that traditional security requirements have been modified to cater for the highly mobile and changeable environment of VLEs; this has been achieved through policy- based techniques. These contributions to the body of knowledge have been published in learned journals and at conferences.

Community-based open source (community source) has emerged as a new approach of developing enterprise software systems that requires participation and investments from partner institutions. This new approach provides the opportunity for institutions to pool resources together to achieve objectives that are hard to reach individually. In my dissertation, community-based development of enterprise applications is examined in a real world project called Kuali through the following three perspectives: technology perspective, economic perspective and management perspective. Under the technology perspective, the main research question is "how do service-oriented architectures enable technology flexibility in community source?" The Kuali case provides the initial context for understanding the basic concepts and insights surrounding the technological issues in community source. Under the economic perspective, the main research question is "why are institutions interested in investing in community source?" The case study and analytical modeling are used to better understand the decision-making process in community source. Under the management perspective, two main research questions are studied. The first research question is "what are the factors affecting the project success in community source development?" The case study, the surveys and the interviews are conducted to test the community source project success model. The second research question is "what are the motivations for outsourcing software development in community source?" Based on the results of our interview analysis, we propose a research framework for community source outsourcing. In the long term, I would like to develop a generic framework for describing the process of acquiring application software via either commercial, open source, or home grown approach. My research will concentrate on comparing these three application development approaches with a special focus on community source. The main contribution of my dissertation is to provide guideline for strategic planning and decision making in an institution. The finding in this dissertation research will provide significant insights on the selection of various software development approaches that are useful for both researchers and practitioners.

The thesis summarizes the history of enterprise application integration and shows the estimated benefits and risks that arise from attempts to harmonize corporate IT infrastructure. It also describes the main approaches to the integration and evaluates their resistance in terms of time. The thesis relates a modern interpretation of the integration of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), including related standards. Particular attention is paid to the life cycle of services in SOA. It explains possible approaches and key principles of communication layer integrated business application system in terms of architectural design. The last part of the thesis examines for opportunities, risks and benefits of system application integration within the SOA implementation and assesses the economics of integration and the question of the investment protection.

Os principais trabalhos existentes de identificação de serviços na Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços (Service Oriented Architecture - SOA) deixam claro a importância de alinhar os serviços com os processos de negócios e também a necessidade de torná-los mais reusáveis possível. Contudo, na prática, foi observado que os métodos existentes são complexos ou detalham pouco os passos para se alcançar tais objetivos. Neste contexto, o Método de Identificação de Serviços baseado em Linguagem de Padrões (MISLP) buscou identificar os serviços através de atividades padrão de processos de negócio de um determinado domínio. Estas atividades padrão foram detalhadas seguindo-se os princípios de SOA e utilizando-se os Padrões de Projeto SOA, os quais estabelecem os critérios para obtenção de serviços reusáveis. Foram definidos critérios para avaliar os serviços resultantes da aplicação do método, com os serviços definidos de forma ad-hoc no desenvolvimento de três sistemas reais. / The main existing works about services identification make clear the importance of aligning services with business processes and also the need to make them more reusable as possible. However, in practice, the existing methods are either complex or they provide low details about the steps to achieve these goals. In this context, the Pattern Language-based Method for Service Identification (PLMSI) sought to identify services through standard activities from business processes of a given domain. These standard activities were detailed according to the principles of Service Oriented Architecture (Service Oriented Architecture - SOA) and using SOA Design Patterns, which establish the criteria for obtaining reusable services. Criteria were defined to evaluate output services from the method, comparing with services defined on an ad-hoc development of three real systems.

Sistemas de software estão cada vez mais presentes na sociedade, bem como são componentes imprescindíveis no mundo contemporâneo, uma vez que facilitam e fomentam as praticidades que os cidadãos e desenvolvedores necessitam. Esses sistemas tornam-se muito mais eficientes quando conseguem interoperar com outros, de forma que troquem recursos e não necessitem implementar essas funcionalidades de maneira individual. Os stakeholders desses sistemas buscam cada vez mais métodos que facilitem essa comunicação, de um jeito prático e sem perder a independência gerencial de cada um. Desse modo, a classe emergente de Sistema de Sistemas (SoS) ganhou uma atenção considerável, por causa de suas características intrínsecas que promovem a interoperabilidade de sistemas distintos e heterogêneos. No entanto, essa comunicação não é trivial, em razão das diferentes interfaces de cada sistema, além da presença de vários stakeholders e a falta de documentação dos sistemas constituintes, dificultando assim, a busca e o uso de cada capacidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho de mestrado é estabelecer uma abordagem baseada em serviços que visa auxiliar os engenheiros de SoS, principalmente na falta de ferramentas de suporte e no esforço para procurar, compreender e adaptar componentes reutilizáveis. A abordagem proposta possui elementos fundamentais que foram utilizados como base para o desenvolvimento de um repositório para engenheiros de SoS e proprietários de sistemas constituintes, de forma organizada e bem documentada, visto que pode ser usado tanto pela comunidade de pesquisa quanto por instituições privadas. / Software systems are increasingly present in society, and consist in indispensable components in the contemporary world, since they facilitate and foster the practices that citizens and developers need. These systems become much more efficient when they can interoperate with others, so that they exchange resources and do not need to implement these features individually. Stakeholders of these systems increasingly seek methods that facilitate such communication in a practical way and without losing the managerial independence of each one. Therefore, the emerging System Of System class (SoS) gained considerable attention, because of its intrinsic characteristics that promote the interoperability of distinct and heterogeneous systems. However, this communication is not trivial, due to the different interfaces of each system, besides the presence of several stakeholders and the lack of documentation of the constituent systems, making it difficult to search and to use each capacity. Thus, the aim of this masters project is to establish a service-based approach that aims to assist SoS engineers, especially in the lack of supporting tools, in the effort to search, understand and adapt reusable components. The proposed approach has fundamental elements that were used as the basis for the development of a repository for SoS engineers and owners of constituent systems, in an organized and well documented way, since it can be used by both the research community and private institutions.