No description available.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser dans un premier temps la mise en place de l'espace dans Les Trois Villes d'Emile Zola. Ainsi tenterons-nous de répondre aux questions suivantes:Selon quelle forme l'espace se met-il en place? Quelles sont les transformations et les manoeuvres qu'il subit d'un avant-texte à l'autre? Quelles sont les fonctions de cet espace et quel rapport y a-t-il entre sa mise en place et la mise en place des personnages et de l'intrigue? Cette étude vise aussi à examiner le problème du déplacement des personnages dans les textes définitifs des Trois Villes, déplacement qui a lieu sur différents plans (plan local, plan fictif...) et par différents moyens (le regard, la parole, la mémoire, l'imagination...). Enfin, cette thèse cherche à déterminer les différentes techniques de la description des lieux en examinant notammentles différents "mécanismes" de la description ambulatoire (les personnages mobiles, les figures de style, l'énumération...). / This thesis analyses firstly the setting up of space in the preparatory files of Les Trois Villes by Emile Zola. Thus we try to answer these following questions:According to which form is place set up? What are the transformations that space undergoes from one pre-text to another? What are the functions of that space and what is the relation between its setting up and the setting up of the characters and the plot? This study also aims at examining the displacement of characters in the final text of Les Trois Villes. This displacement takes place on different levels (local level, fictive level...) and by different means (look,speech, memory, imagination...). Finally, this thesis seeks to determine the different techniques of discribing places by analyzing the different "mecanisms" of the ambulatory description (mobile characters, figures of speech, enumeration...).

運動產業之品牌銷售公司，產品須配合四季推出，生命週期短且汰換率高，此外擴張產品策略到休閒服飾，也因此面臨休閒服飾國際品牌紛紛進入之衝擊及流行趨勢挑戰。在高度競爭的運動產業中，消費者的購買行為強烈受到品牌認知影響，品牌建構成為產品差異化的重要關鍵。業者為了提昇業績成長和提高市佔率，如何有效地將有限的行銷資金投資於品牌之建構，成為重要的管理議題。藉由在人潮聚集的主要商圈投資經銷商或自營的銷售店點，開設品牌形象專賣店，是業者達成業績成長的主要策略之一。在快速投資的過程中如何提升採購效率，降低開店成本，以達到盈餘成長，攸關業者的生存發展。因此，開設銷售店點之營運流程，也成為成本控制的重要關鍵流程，藉以在精簡的人事組織中持續簡化流程，增加營運效率，確保服務品質，降低成本，提高企業競爭力。 本研究首先運用企業流程資訊有機體( PWIO)模式分析個案公司開設銷售店點交易循環的營運流程，透過分析作業流程對內、對外之資訊聯絡管道和接觸點，以實作表詳實描述各項作業的原貌。根據PWIO分析結果，辨識出個案公司管理議題缺失，針對各項作業提出具體的流程改進建議，另一方面在實作表中建立各該流程的目標，並提出具體衡量各作業流程的績效衡量指標。依據目標與績效衡量指標的因果關係進一步探討個案公司的平衡計分卡並描繪策略地圖，提供個案公司持續改善流程的績效管理架構基礎，以實現公司願景。 / The products of the sports brand companies need to be launched seasonally. The life cycle of sports products is short. The market strategy has expanded beyond active users to encompass the leisurewear market which makes the sports industry encounter not only the threat of international leisurewear’s brand but also the challenge of fashion trend. Facing such sharp competition, branding has become a key success factor for differentiation. As consumers are strongly affected by brand images, in order to increase both sales and market share, it is essential to allocate marketing resources effectively to brand building activities. By contributing brand-specific fixtures and signage to franchised stores or direct retail stores in shopper-populated districts, running branded stores has become the main sales growth strategies. In the course of fast investment, how to enhance the efficiency of purchase and how to lower the cost of setting up shops to achieve earning growth become the key to growth. Therefore, the business process of setting up retail shops becomes critical to cost control. In short, the key factors to success lies in how to reengineer the business process in simplified organization, in order to improve performance efficiency, to ensure service quality, to lower cost for the purpose of strengthen industry competition power. This study attempts to analyze the information flow underlying the business process of setting up retail shop for a subsidiary of an international sports brand in Taiwan. Based on the PWIO approach, the operation process was restored and descried in the business table by identifying the practice of contact point (CP) and information channel(IC). The related suggestions to improve management gaps of this process are proposed according to the PWIO analysis. The practices table exploring also help to set up the objectives and concreted performance measures to enhance the value adding degree of this strategic business process. A proposed balanced scorecard and strategy map are developed to serve as the management framework of evaluation and management of the strategic performance to assuring sustained process improvement. Company vision will be achieved through the business process reengineering.

Des magasins d’usine accolés aux sites de fabrication apparus au début du XXe siècle jusqu’aux « villages » de marques actuels, le concept commercial a suivi différentes formes et l’évolution de leurs localisations rend compte d’un détachement des sites industriels au profit d’une logique territoriale « hors sol ». Ces facteurs mettent en lumière le passage d’un concept à l’origine industriel, devenu un produit commercialo-touristique. La naissance du concept puis sa « mise en tourisme » trouvent toutes deux leurs origines aux Etats-Unis. Leurs importations en Europe n’ont pas reproduit à l’identique la formule américaine mais ont suivi des modèles s’en inspirant de plus en plus fortement, notamment par le biais de la montée en puissance des opérateurs anglo-saxons qui figurent parmi les leaders incontestés du marché européen. L’annonce de projets de villages de marques suscite quasi-systématiquement de vives tensions entre leurs opposants et leurs défenseurs, révélant que les enjeux territoriaux liés à ces équipements sont nombreux. La multiplication des projets est notamment favorisée par une demande croissante des élus dans un contexte de mise en compétition des territoires. Cette situation, qui constitue une réelle opportunité pour les opérateurs, aboutit depuis peu à la création de partenariats public-privé destinés à tirer profit de la présence des centres de marques en favorisant les synergies avec leur territoire d’implantation, notamment en couplant le tourisme commercial avec d’autres types de tourisme. Cette thèse vise à mettre en lumière le développement et l’évolution du concept commercial en Europe ainsi que leurs implications en matière de nouveaux enjeux territoriaux. / From Factory Outlet shops located on manufacturing sites which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century to the current outlet “villages” today, this distinct retail concept has followed various forms in its evolution. There has been a detachment from locations on industrial sites for a strategic improvement creating, a new territorial logic which is targeted on an agglomeration of brands in modern purpose built buildings with good access and facilities. These factors show the evolution of a concept originally adjacent to a manufacturing base, it has become a distinct retail and tourist product. The birth of the retail concept and its “touristification” finds its origins in the United States. The import of which into Europe drew reference from the American formula but followed new models inspired by Anglo-Saxon developers who created a different style and they now appear among the uncontested leaders of the European market. However, the announcement of new outlet projects, even after 20 years still arouse quasi-systematically deep tensions between the opponents and the defenders of the concept, revealing that the territorial stakes of these centres are multiple. The increase of the number of projects is favoured in particular by an increasing demand of the elected representatives in a context of competition between territories. The current situation constitutes a real opportunity for developers, and it has recently involved the creation of public-private partnerships. Their intended goal is to benefit from the setting-up of outlet centres by favouring the positive elements within their territory, in particular by coupling retail tourism with other forms of leisure tourism. This research aims to study the development and the evolution of the outlet concept in Europe as well as their implications regarding new territorial stakes.

The thesis is aimed at an analysis of marketing organizations within the frame ot the Common Agricultural Policy. Marketing organizations are one ot the forms of co-operation and these are usually horizontal co-operation, i.e. at the same level ot the logistics chain. This form of co-operation is called marketing organizations or marketing co-operatives in the agrarian sector. Voluntary grouping of farmers into marketing organizations is common both in the Czech Republic and within the whole European Union. To conclud the thesis, it can be said that the existence of co-operation is very important for functioning of agriculture and that agribusiness without any membership in any co-operative association is often very difficult.

This master thesis deals with possibilities and conditions of entry on challenging market in Russian Federation from the point of view of setting up of company or purchasing of a existing one and also from the point of view of specifications, which are existing only just in Russia. The assignment is geographically defined on Leningrad region with focus on the urban center St. Petersburg and with branch specified on construction industry. On basis of analyzed facts in the field of accounting standards, taxation and law environment this assignment contains the recommendations in which way and with help of which procedures enter the market.