The subject for this essay considers the trade with amber and how it was organized in Scandinavia during the early Nordic Bronze age. There is very little written about this subject. One of the few scholars that have done this is the archeologist Timothy Earle. He has done this generally from a material that comes from the world of the living, mostly settlements. I will compare his view with a grave material that are based on Aner & Kersten Die Ältere Bronzezeit (2001, band 11). My own conclusion is that Timothy Earls view corresponds well with the grave material

In this research, the settling history of a site called Bash&uuml / y&uuml / k will be studied. This site is a village where a group of immigrants settled with the instruction of Ottoman Empire on early 20th century after their immigration from Caucasus. The first part of this study will elaborate the foundation of this site as an Ottoman village with Caucasian settlers in Konya Province / with respect to many settling legislations and other immigrant villages of the era. The second part will be discussing and elaborating the fore coming spatial and social transformations of this village from its foundation through Turkish republic to this day. Finally on the last part of the study, the notions of preservation, restoration and possible future scenarios of this 102 years old village will be discussed.

Information technologies have achieved an important role in archaeology. The management, research and exchange of the large amount of data gathered from archeological sites needs the tools of information technologies. The web based GIS combines the advantages of both GIS and the Internet technologies. This system can be used as a tool that helps to support the management of information for archaeological sites and provides support functions for specialists.This web based system can hold many types of archaeological site data from small excavation campaigns to large sites. The system consists of a relational database, a web server, and a GIS mapping server. Google Maps Server is used as a GIS mapping server in this study. The client computers require only the availability of a proper browser that supports javascript and ajax technologies. With this system, Google Maps can be used as an archaeological research tool for everybody interested in archaeology. In a general, everybody can reach the system using their web browsers in order to search and retrieve information regarding archaeological sites. This system also enables specialists to upload, search and share archaeological data. The aim of this study is to provide easy and simple access to the GIS related archaeological site information in Turkey, using a web based and user friendly interface and share the information the information with specialists all over the world.

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<p>This thesis is an attempt to address issues of housingtransformation in informal settlements. Transformation ofhouses is seen to be associated with modernisation forceswhereby people adapt their houses to suit their needs anddesires. On one hand the desire to own a“modernhouse”may lead to deterioration of spatial qualities, onthe other hand fulfilment of the desire may contribute to themodernisation of urban settlements. The informal settlement ofHanna Nassif was chosen as a case study to illustrate theprocess of housing transformations in informal settlement.Knowledge on the transformation processes serves as animportant tool to address issues of spatial qualities, housingmodernisation, actors in the processes of transformation anduse of space.</p><p>The results show that there is a wide range oftransformation activities that have been taking place in termsof extensions and alterations. The desire to modernise theirhouses impels developers to use modern building materials. Insome instances houses constructed with traditional buildingmaterials are replaced with industrially produced materials.Through transformation processes new house types emerge. Thestudy identifies problems as well as positive aspectsassociated with the whole process of housing transformation.The positive aspects are those of increased indoor space,increase of rooms for renting and in other cases separation offunctions. The problems emerging from this process include:decrease of outdoor space, increase of housing density,blockage of ventilation and light in the transformedhouses.</p><p>The study concludes that housing transformation being oneway in which lowincome earners strive to get access to housingdeserves government support, particularly in the absence ofalternative housing supply. It is further observed that todatemany urban dwellers have managed to secure housing as a directresult of house extensions effected by house owners. The houseextensions are being carried out outside the established formalplanning regulations. It is in the light of these developmentsthat there is a cause for government intervention to guidehousing development processes in informal settlements.Professionals like planners and architects should also assume arole for quality and sustainability to prevail. The study alsosuggests specific problem areas for further investigation.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>Tanzania, housing transformation, informalsettlements, modernisation, spatial qualities and housetypes.</p>

Thesis (doctoral) - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 2001. / This book is a slightly revised version of the doctoral dissertation the author completed in June 2001 and defended at the Faculty of Arts of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in October 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-285) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 2001. / This book is a slightly revised version of the doctoral dissertation the author completed in June 2001 and defended at the Faculty of Arts of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in October 2001. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-285) and index.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2004.