Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015 / The study investigated trends of rape in Mankweng area between the years 2009 and 2012. The number of cases reported per year, age of victims, area of occurrence, victim/perpetrator relationship, month of occurrence, day and time of occurrence and the victim’s rape occurrences were investigated. Archival research design was employed by studying victim’s records at Thuthuzela Care Centre, using a self-designed data organization sheet. Descriptive statistics was applied in analysing data. The following are the findings: there is an increase in the number of rape incidents, girls aged between 13- 19 years are at risk of being raped. The victims are likely to be raped by an unknown perpetrator. Rape is more likely to take place during the month of September. Most cases occur during weekends at night in the semi-urban part of Mankweng. There are more first-time victims and rape cases involved only one perpetrator.

Predicting crime trends via individual and community level-factors associated with crime is common across criminology, public health, and psychology. From social disorganization theory, crime rates are linked to neighborhood ecological characteristics that may shape the occurrence of illegal activities. Expanding this view, Shaw and McKay (1969) and Sampson (1993) emphasized the role of appropriate parental supervision and stable familial homes in reducing crime. Bursik and Grasmick (1993) further highlighted the influence of structural factors such as poverty and divorce. Social disorganization theory includes a discussion of systems within the social ecological model, three of which will be discussed. The micro system (immediate environment) involves factors like family. The mesosystem is where microsystems link, such as between family and community. Lastly, the exosystem (indirect environment) captures larger structures (e.g., economic influences) which help create the built environment comprised of the neighborhood and social services. These levels overlap and may provide information related to specific factors predictive of crime. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multi-dimensional concept that encapsulates physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning and has been used for risk factor identification (Yin, Njai, Barker, Siegel, & Liao, 2016). In the social ecological model, HRQOL exists in the micro (e.g., child abuse, intimate partner violence), meso (e.g., prenatal care), and exosystems (e.g., neighborhood poverty). For example, a host of research has discussed the contribution of neighborhood disadvantages to increased intimate partner violence rates (Miller-Graff & Graham Bermann, 2014), while other studies have found economic disadvantage and violent crime to negatively impact birthweight (Masi, Hawkley, Piotrowski, & Pickett, 2007). Although these factors, along with others like drug use and various health factors, have been linked to violent crime, the exploration of social ecological predictors for sexual crimes has been comparatively neglected. In a systematic review of risk factors for sexual crime perpetration, Tharp and colleagues (2014) examined 191 empirical studies and identified two societal and community factors (gender-based factors like female education level and environmental factors like homicide rates), 23 relationship factors, and 42 individual-level risk factors for sexual crime perpetration. To attain a better understanding of the potential range of predictors of sexual crime, the current study will utilize data extracted from two publicly available data bases. The first is the Tennessee Bureau of Investigations (TBI) database, which includes crime statistics for each of the 95 counties in Tennessee. Reported number of crimes against persons in 2018 will be examined in the current analysis with variables categorized as either sexual (n=7 offense categories) or violent, non-sexual (n=11 offense categories) crimes. Violent non-sexual crimes will be collapsed into one variable to serve as the comparison group. The second data base, County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, provides data on health factors contributing to quality of life. For all Tennessee counties, 11 community variables will be included. These factors were selected because they reach across the social ecological levels of micro (e.g., single-parent households, teen births, low birthweight), meso (e.g., substance use factors, health factors including mortality and insurance), and exosystems (e.g., children in poverty, disconnected youth). A multinomial logistical regression will be conducted to investigate whether specific community level factors predict the rate of sexual crime beyond the prediction of violent, non-sexual crime. The overall model significance will be examined by the collective effect of the community level predictors. A key factor in promoting community safety while simultaneously preventing sexual violence involves comprehensive strategies that stretch the range of social ecology. Less is known about predictors of sexual violence than those of other crimes. Further, more research has examined individual-level factors related to sexual crime perpetration. A more nuanced understanding of predictors of sexual violence at social ecological levels can assist in the development of more comprehensive prevention and intervention programs that target multiple levels of risk.

Abstract There is a general perception that women are victims and men are the perpetrators of sexual offense. Female perpetrators of sexual crimes have been neglected in the research literature, because female sex offenders do not live up to preconceptions of female as motherly and caring. Females tend to be responsible for a very small portion of all crimes and are estimated to account for 1-2% of all sexual offenses. Theories use to discuss female sex offending include neutralization of behavior, mental health and feminist theory. The aim of the present study was to describe female sex offenders and examine the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim by analyzing court judgments. Convictions ( N=22) from the Swedish district courts, where female convicted of sexual crimes in accordance with legislation on sexual crimes during the years 2008-2013 were examined. Significantly more females (82%) denied the offenses they were charged off. The majority of the perpetrators had a relationship with the victims and carried out their crimes with a male accomplice. Of the 27 sexual crimes perpetrated, 63% of the victims were under 18 years old and were primarily female. Most women in this study were given a sanction of a non-custodial nature. Female sex offenders are a relatively unexplored group of sexual offense perpetrators. They do exist and sexual offending causes a great deal of harm to victims and society, so it is worth studying. Keywords: Female perpetrator, female criminals, sexual crimes, convictions, female.

Orientador: Silvio Yasui / Banca: Liamar Aparecida dos Santos / Banca: Maria Elizabeth da Silva Correa / Resumo: A violência sexual é um fenômeno universal que atinge indistintamente todas as classes sociais e pessoas de todas as faixas etárias e sexo, produzindo sérias consequências biopsicossociais para quem a sofre, as quais são difíceis de mensurar. Com este trabalho, pretendo descrever e analisar os movimentos ocorridos e as estratégias que foram utilizadas pela equipe do Hospital Regional de Assis , para a implantação do Programa Pétala, buscando o cuidado em rede à pessoa em situação de violência sexual, na microrregião de saúde de Assis e Ourinhos. Esta pesquisa é a narrativa da minha experiência sobre o processo vivenciado para formação da rede, que será objeto deste estudo. Tal processo me coloca a refletir quanto à necessidade de registrar os caminhos realizados para implantação da rede de atenção à pessoa em situação de violência sexual e seu significado para os dias atuais, uma vez que se buscava a mudança de paradigmas até então institucionalizados e sedimentados em seu modo de cuidar fragmentado das vítimas de violência sexual. Era imperativo desconstruir e construir coletivamente uma forma de atenção em rede, na tentativa de garantir a integralidade do cuidado em saúde, mas também garantir a diminuição do sofrimento da vítima e, por que não, dos trabalhadores frente a uma situação tão difícil de ser administrada isoladamente. Portanto, era necessário rever as implicações profissionais e institucionais, desprendendo-me de antigos conceitos e propor a possibilidade de mudanças e transformações / Resumen: La violencia sexual es un fenómeno universal que afecta sin distinción a todas las clases sociales y a todas las personas, sin hacer diferencia de edad ni de sexo, lo que produce serias consecuencias biopsicosociales para el afectado, consecuencias estas difíciles de medir. Este trabajo pretende describir y analizar los movimientos ocurridos y las estrategias utilizadas por el equipo del Hospital Regional de Assis, durante la implantación del Programa Pétala, que busca cuidar en red a la persona en situación de violencia sexual, en la micro-región de salud Assis-Ourinhos. Esta investigación es la narrativa de mi experiencia sobre el proceso vivenciado durante la formación de la red, objeto de este estudio. La vivencia me permite reflexionar sobre la necesidad de registrar los caminos recorridos para llegar a la implantación de la red de atención a la persona víctima de violencia sexual y el significado alcanzado, por esta red, en los días de hoy, destacando la búsqueda por mudanzas de paradigmas hasta entonces, institucionalizados y consolidados, asumiendo un cuidado fragmentado de la víctima de violencia sexual. De esta forma, se hacía necesario desconstruir y construir una forma de atención en red, intentando, de esta forma, garantizar el cuidado con la salud integral y disminuir el sufrimiento de la víctima, por otra parte, también, se buscó disminuir el sufrimiento de los trabajadores frente a una situación tan difícil de ser administrada en forma aislada. Por lo tanto, se hacía necesario revisar las consecuencias profesionales e institucionales, el desprendimiento de conceptos antiguos y la propuesta de mudanzas y transformaciones / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000744261.pdf: 3493152 bytes, checksum: 64a6fb2acd08d838b89de24ef948d449 (MD5) / A violência sexual é um fenômeno universal que atinge indistintamente todas as classes sociais e pessoas de todas as faixas etárias e sexo, produzindo sérias consequências biopsicossociais para quem a sofre, as quais são difíceis de mensurar. Com este trabalho, pretendo descrever e analisar os movimentos ocorridos e as estratégias que foram utilizadas pela equipe do Hospital Regional de Assis , para a implantação do Programa Pétala, buscando o cuidado em rede à pessoa em situação de violência sexual, na microrregião de saúde de Assis e Ourinhos. Esta pesquisa é a narrativa da minha experiência sobre o processo vivenciado para formação da rede, que será objeto deste estudo. Tal processo me coloca a refletir quanto à necessidade de registrar os caminhos realizados para implantação da rede de atenção à pessoa em situação de violência sexual e seu significado para os dias atuais, uma vez que se buscava a mudança de paradigmas até então institucionalizados e sedimentados em seu modo de cuidar fragmentado das vítimas de violência sexual. Era imperativo desconstruir e construir coletivamente uma forma de atenção em rede, na tentativa de garantir a integralidade do cuidado em saúde, mas também garantir a diminuição do sofrimento da vítima e, por que não, dos trabalhadores frente a uma situação tão difícil de ser administrada isoladamente. Portanto, era necessário rever as implicações profissionais e institucionais, desprendendo-me de antigos conceitos e propor a possibilidade de mudanças e transformações / La violencia sexual es un fenómeno universal que afecta sin distinción a todas las clases sociales y a todas las personas, sin hacer diferencia de edad ni de sexo, lo que produce serias consecuencias biopsicosociales para el afectado, consecuencias estas difíciles de medir. Este trabajo pretende describir y analizar los movimientos ocurridos y las estrategias utilizadas por el equipo del Hospital Regional de Assis, durante la implantación del Programa Pétala, que busca cuidar en red a la persona en situación de violencia sexual, en la micro-región de salud Assis-Ourinhos. Esta investigación es la narrativa de mi experiencia sobre el proceso vivenciado durante la formación de la red, objeto de este estudio. La vivencia me permite reflexionar sobre la necesidad de registrar los caminos recorridos para llegar a la implantación de la red de atención a la persona víctima de violencia sexual y el significado alcanzado, por esta red, en los días de hoy, destacando la búsqueda por mudanzas de paradigmas hasta entonces, institucionalizados y consolidados, asumiendo un cuidado fragmentado de la víctima de violencia sexual. De esta forma, se hacía necesario desconstruir y construir una forma de atención en red, intentando, de esta forma, garantizar el cuidado con la salud integral y disminuir el sufrimiento de la víctima, por otra parte, también, se buscó disminuir el sufrimiento de los trabajadores frente a una situación tan difícil de ser administrada en forma aislada. Por lo tanto, se hacía necesario revisar las consecuencias profesionales e institucionales, el desprendimiento de conceptos antiguos y la propuesta de mudanzas y transformaciones

Available data suggest a significant rise in family-based offenses during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine and lockdown period. Although attempts to contain the spread of the virus are critical to protect overall health, these efforts inadvertently exposed children to an increased risk of family abuse by isolating them in their homes and decreasing their access to supportive resources in school and childcare programming. Further, during this time frame, families faced additional stressors (e.g., loss of financial and social support), which may have increased risk for familial violence. Despite limited opportunities for detection and reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic, some studies have shown an increase in child sexual abuse during the implementation of stay-at-home guidelines compared to pre-pandemic rates. However, other studies have proposed a decrease of child abuse cases (including sexual abuse) as a result of limited in-person contact and patient assessment. Much of the research on this topic during the COVID-19 pandemic have been focused in other countries and different areas of the United States. For this reason, it is important to address and acknowledge reported child sexual abuse cases in Tennessee. This study seeks to evaluate rates of sexual crimes against children in Tennessee prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand its impact on our state. Our hypotheses include: (a) there will be a significant decrease in child sexual abuse reporting from 2019 and 2020 across all regions and (b) there will be fewer child sexual abuse reports in the east region than any other region. The current study investigates crime rates between 2019 and 2020 for five types of sexual crimes against children in a sample of children in four different regions of Tennessee (Regions 1-4). Data were extracted from Tennessee Bureau of Investigation’s (TBI) online incident-based reporting system (N = 2350). All reports were for those under the age of 18. Variables of interest include: 95 Tennessee counties broken down into regions (Regions 1-4), type of sexual crime (forcible rape, forcible fondling, forcible sodomy, sexual assault, incest), and year in which the incident occurred (2019 or 2020). Pearson Chi-square analyses will be used to determine the changes in crime reporting by year in the five different crime types. Results from this study will not only better reflect how COVID-19 and quarantine have affected crime reporting rates, but also reflect how limited access to mandated reporters may have an influence on the number of crimes reported. Implications of these findings and future directions for research will be discussed.

No description available.

Despite the growing prevalence and awareness of child sex trafficking within the South African context, knowledge of the trade remains rudimentary. In this study, an exploration of how girl survivors of child sex trafficking within South Africa construct their experiences is provided. Participants included five girl children between the ages of 11 and 17, all of whom had been trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation, and managed to escape the trade. All of them were living in a safe house in Pretoria at the time of the interviews. One participant was trafficked into South Africa from Zimbabwe, one from the DRC, one from Lesotho, and two participants were trafficked within South African borders. An ecosystemic framework was suggested to create meaning of the findings, placing emphasis on how participants construct their experiences in terms of the ecological context. Research results reveal a significant difference in the ability of participants to overcome their experiences based on whether they had at least one supportive person from their ecological context before being trafficked. The findings of this study call for interventions to extend beyond the legislative arena. Rather, the legislative arena is seen as one aspect of the entire ecological context of girl children who are vulnerable to human trafficking. This sounds a call for interventions against human trafficking to take a more holistic view and to punctuate at the level of the family system and of the community. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

80 Abstract The aim of this thesis titled Methods of investigation of sexual crimes (selected issues) is to clarify methods of investigation of sexual crimes with special focus on rape. The thesis is divided into nine chapters and sub-chapters. Introduction defines the goal of the thesis. The first chapter describes term of rape and its development from 1852 to the present. The first chapter also includes statistical data for the year 2012. The second chapter describes criminological characteristics of rape relating to typical way of committing, offender and victim. The myth that most of the offenders are sexually deviant is refuted in this chapter. The third chapter analyzes typical traces with traditional distinction between traces in the mind and material traces. Biological traces are emphasized, because they are in the investigation of the crime of rape very common. The fourth chapter is divided into two sub-chapters devoted to typical investigative situations. Following fifth chapter deals with the scope of investigation. Questions which must be clarified are mentioned in order to investigate facts of case beyond all reasonable doubt. The sixth chapter describes impetus to the investigations. The most common are notifications of inhabitant and notifications of institutions. Chapters number four, five...

1 Diploma thesis: Methodology of investigation of sexual crimes with special focus on the sexual abuse of the child Summary The aim of my diploma thesis called Methodology of investigation of sexual crimes with specials focus on the sexual abuse of the child was to clarify serious topic named sexual abuse of the child. The dissertation is composed of three chapters each of them dealing with different aspects of sexual crimes especially sexual abuse of the child. The first chapter of the study deals briefly with sexual crimes which create one of the most dangerous and harmful group of crimes. The victims of these crimes are faced with serious physical and mental consequences. It is very specific because of the assault against the intimate sphere of person that influences the free choice in sexual relationships. The pivotal part of my dissertation represents the second chapter called Sexual abuse of the child. The chapter is subdivided into two parts. The first part characterises forms of sexual abuse of children, victims and perpetrators. The most frequent situation of sexual abuse of the child takes place in the family and the most frequent type of perpetrator is man related with the family, for example the father. This fact is the reason that this kind of criminality is largely latent. Statistics,...