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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Espectros de absorção, contínuo óptico e avermelhamento em núcleos normais e ativos de galáxias espirais

Dottori, Horacio Alberto January 1983 (has links)
Observações fotomítricas em UBV com multidiafragma, e observações espectrofotomítricas da região central das galãxias espirais são apresentadas para NGC 5530, 5643 e 6699, com núcleo normal; NGC 1097, 2997 e 5236, com núcleo peculiar; e NGC 1566, 3783 e IC4329A, com núcleo Seyfert. Um algoritmo matemãtico, uti lizando dados das larguras equivalentes das linhas de absorção, í desenvolvido para obter a composição estelar dos núcleos. Na solução do algoritmo são usados métodos de programação não linear vinculada. Os contínuos estelares e as observações UBV sio usados para obter valores independentes da absorção e do avermelhamento interno do núcleo. Os resultados teõricos permitem detectar três ciclos de formação de estrelas nos três tipos de nú cleos. O último destes ciclos é mais recente nos núcleos Seyfert, seguido dos peculiares e finalmente dos normais. As relações teõ ricas M/L e HCaII/KCaII, assim como a absorção interna, mostram diferenças entre os três tipos de núcleos. / Multidiaphragm UBV photometry and spectrophotometry of the central region for spiral galaxies are given for NGC 5530, 5643 and 6699, with normal nucleus; NGC 1097, 2997 and 5236, with peculiar nucleus; and NGC 1566, 3783 and IC4329A, with Seyfert nucleus. A mathematical algorithm, to treat data of the equivalent width of the absorption lines, was developped in order to obtain the stellar composition of the nuclei. The solution of this problem was found by the method of constrained non-linear. programming. The spectral continua and the UBV observations were compared with the theoretical results to obtain the internal absorption and the reddening of the nuclei. The age of the last cicle of formation of stars, the internal absorption and the theoretical relations M/L and HCaII/KCaII, show differences among the three types of nuclei.
42

Caracterização das regiões circumnucleares de galáxias Seyfert 1 versus Seyfert 2 no ultravioleta próximo

Spinelli, Patrícia Figueiro January 2007 (has links)
A natureza da emissão ultravioleta proveniente das regiões centrais de galáxias Seyfert ainda não é bem entendida e é assunto para grandes discussões. Com o objetivo de caracterizar essas regiões, apresentamos uma análise comparativa de uma amostra que contém 28 galáxias Seyfert 1–1.9 com uma amostra que contém 28 galáxias Seyfert 2. As amostras estão relacionadas pelas seguintes propriedades de suas galáxias hospedeiras: distância, morfologia, razão axial e luminosidade. As imagens foram obtidas com a camâra ACS do Telescópio Espacial Hubble (HST) no ultravioleta próximo. A principal contribuição do presente trabalho é a subtração da fonte puntual nuclear nas imagens das galáxias Seyfert 1–1.9, que permite uma análise comparativa da morfologia e dos resultados fotométricos das regiões circumnucleares. Sem a presença do núcleo brilhante não resolvido nas imagens das galáxias de tipo 1, encontramos estruturas similares em ambas amostras tais como nós, filamentos, anéis de formação estelar, espirais, emissão difusa, etc. Utilizando tarefas do IRAF, estimamos o tamanho e a luminosidade da emissão. Ao contrário de trabalhos prévios, nós encontramos extensões similares (~ 1 − 2 kpc) para a emissão das galáxias Seyfert 1 e Seyfert 2, bem como luminosidade e distribuição dos perfis de brilho superficial similares. Nossos resultados não são compatíveis com qualquer tipo de diferença entre as galáxias hospedeiras ou nas regiões circumnucleares de ambos tipos de núcleo. / The nature of the ultraviolet light emitted by the central regions of the Seyfert galaxies is a matter of current debate. With the goal of characterize these regions, we present a comparative analysis of ACS/HST images in the near-UV of a sample of 28 Seyfert 1–1.9 galaxies and a paired sample of 28 Seyfert 2 galaxies, matched according to the following properties of the host galaxies: distance, morphology, axial ratio and luminosity. The main contribution of the present work is the subtraction of the nuclear point source in the Seyfert 1–1.9 subsample which allows the comparative analysis of the morphology and the photometry of the circumnuclear regions. Without the presence of a bright unresolved nuclei for type 1, we find similar structures in both subsamples such as knots, filaments, star-forming rings, spirals, clumpy diffuse light emission, etc. We use use IRAF tasks to estimate the size and the luminosity of the emission. Contrary to the previous works, we find similar extends (~ 1−2 kpc) for the emission in the Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies, as well as similar luminosity and surface brightness distributions. Our results do not support any difference between the host galaxies or circumnuclear environment of both types of nuclei.
43

Mapeamento "tridimensional" do entorno dos buracos negros supermassivos em galáxias Seyfert

Riffel, Rogemar André January 2008 (has links)
Apresentamos mapas bidimensionais (2D) para os fluxos e razões de linhas de emissão, cinemática do gás e das estrelas na região central (≈ 100 − 300 pc de raio em torno do núcleo) das galáxias Seyfert ESO428-G14, NGC7582, NGC4051 e NGC4258 a partir de dados espectroscópicos obtidos com a Unidade de Campo Integral (IFU) do instrumento GNIRS (Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph) e com o instrumento NIFS (Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph) instaladas nos telescópios Gemini. Obtivemos medidas da cinemática estelar a partir de ajustes das bandas de absorção do CO em λ ≈ 2, 3 μm por templates estelares e mapas para as distribuições e cinemática do gás a partir de ajustes de curvas gaussianas aos perfis das linhas de emissão. A alta resolução espectral dos dados ainda nos permitiu obter a “tomografia” do gás a partir de cortes ao longo dos perfis das linhas, fornecendo um mapeamento “tridimensional”. Os campos de velocidades das estrelas são dominados por rotação no disco da galáxia. Modelamos estes campos através de rotação num potencial de Plummer. O campo de velocidades de NGC4051 é bem representado pelo modelo e apresenta um potencial gravitacional bastante concentrado, atribu´ıdo ao bojo. NGC7582 apresenta algumas distorções no campo de velocidades que não são bem representadas pelo modelo, as quais podem ser atribuídas a uma barra nuclear presente nesta galáxia. Para NGC4258 tivemos que incluir, além do potencial do bojo, uma componente para o potencial gravitacional do buraco negro supermassivo, uma vez que seu raio de influência está resolvido, o que é confirmado pelo aumento do valor da dispersão de velocidades estelar (σ*) dentro de 11 pc do núcleo. Os mapas de σ* em NGC4051 e NGC7582 apresentam regiões de baixos valores imersas num bojo de maiores valores. Estes baixos valores de σ* foram atribuídos a estrelas jovens, formadas a partir de um gás frio recentemente acretado à região nuclear, as quais ainda preservam a cinemática do gás que as formou. Os campos de velocidades do gás apresentam componentes que diferem de rotação pura. Em ESO428-G14 e NGC7582 estas componentes são observadas como outflows do núcleo. Para ESO428-G14 os outflows são devido á interação entre o jato rádio e o meio interestelar (ISM) circundante. Já em NGC7582 os outflows são atribuídos a ventos do disco de acreção. Em NGC4051 observamos inflows em direção ao núcleo ao longo de braços espirais nucleares. Em geral, observamos também que o gás emissor de H2 apresenta cinemática diferente da observada para o gás ionizado – enquanto que o H2 está mais restrito ao plano das galáxias, onde componentes de rotação são importantes, o gás de maior ionização estende-se a altas latitudes galáticas, onde são mais importantes os movimentos de outflows. A partir das distribuições de fluxos e razões de linhas concluímos que a emissão de H2 observada em NGC4051 é principalmente devida a excitação por raios X oriundos do núcleo, enquanto que em ESO428-G14 o mecanismo de excitação dominante é a interação do jato rádio com o ISM. A emissão do [Fe ii] em ESO428-G14 também é produzida por choques devido ao jato rádio. Determinamos massas de H2 quente que variam de 72 a 2700 M e de Hii entre 1,4×105 e 3,9×106M, as quais são comparáveis a valores publicados na literatura. Estimamos também as taxas de outflow e de inflow para NGC7582 e NGC4051, respectivamente. Obtivemos uma taxa de outflow de MHII ≈ 6, 3 × 10−2M ano−1 para o hidrogênio ionizado e de MH2 ≈ 8, 3 × 10−5M ano−1 para o H2 quente. Para NGC4051 obtivemos uma taxa de inflow de ˙MH2 ≈ 8 × 10−5M ano−1 para o H2 quente, a qual é aproximadamente 100 vezes menor do que o valor necessário para produzir a emissão observada. Concluímos que a taxa de inflow total de gás molecular deve ser muito maior, considerando que estamos amostrando apenas uma pequena parcela do gás molecular presente na região nuclear das galáxias ativas – o gás molecular quente. A principal inovação do presente trabalho é a riqueza de detalhes com que foi mapeada a distribuição e cinemática do gás, bem como a cinemática das estrelas na região central de galáxias Seyfert, com resoluções espaciais sem precedentes na literatura. Tal resolução espacial, combinada com a alta resolução espectral, permitiram uma comparação detalhada entre os mapas de emissão em rádio com os mapas de fluxo, razão de fluxos e principalmente da cinemática “tridimensional”. Através deste trabalho foi possível, pela primeira vez em comprimentos de onda infravermelho, mapear um inflow de gás molecular em uma galáxia ativa dentro dos 300 pc. Contribuímos também para o primeiro mapeamento de inflows no ótico nestas mesmas escalas. / We present two-dimensional (2D) maps for emission line fluxes and ratios, gaseous kinematics and stellar kinematics for the central regions of the Seyfert galaxies ESO428-G14, NGC7582, NGC4051 and NGC4258 using spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) and with the Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) at the Gemini telescopes. We have obtained measurements for the stellar kinematics by fitting the CO absorption bandheads around ≈ 2, 3 μm by stellar templates and have obtained maps for the gaseous distribution and kinematics from the fit of gaussian curves to the emission-line profiles. The high spectral resolution of the data allowed us to obtain a gaseous “tomography” by performing cuts in velocity bins along the emission line profiles, which provide a “tri-dimensional” map of the gas emission. The stellar velocity fields are dominated by rotation in the galactic disk. We have modelled these velocities by circular orbits in a Plummer potential. The velocity field of NGC4051 is well reproduced by the model and presents a highly concentrated gravitational potential, atributed to a compact stellar bulge. NGC7582 presents some distortions in its velocity field, which are not reproduced by the model and are atributed to a nuclear bar observed in this galaxy. For NGC4258 we needed to include, besides the bulge potential, the supermassive black hole potential, since its sphere of influence is resolved in our observations, what is confirmed by the increase in the stellar velocity dispersions (σ*) within 11 pc from the nucleus. The σ* maps for NGC4051 and NGC7582 present regions of low values immersed in a background of higher values. These low ∗ values were atributed to young stars, formed from cold gas recently accreted to the nuclear region, which still preserve the kinematics of the gas from which they have formed. The gaseous velocity fields present components that differ from pure rotation. For ESO428-G14 and NGC7582 these components are outflows from the nucleus. The outflows for ESO428-G14 are due to the interaction of the radio jet with the circumnuclear interstellar medium (ISM) and for NGC7582 the outflows are atributed to winds from the accretion disk. For NGC4051 we observe inflows towards the nucleus along nuclear spiral arms. We also observe that in general, the H2 emitting gas presents a distinct kinematics from that of the ionized gas – while the H2 is restricted to the galactic plane, where rotation is important, the higher ionization gas extends to high galactic latitudes, where the outflows are more important. From the flux distributions and line ratios we conclude that the H2 emission in NGC4051 is dominated by X rays heating, while for ESO428-G14 the main excitation mechanism is shocks due to the radio jet. The [Fe ii] emission observed in ESO428- G14 is also dominated by excitation by the radio jet. We have obtained masses for the hot H2 gas varying from 72 to 2700 M⊙ and for the ionized gas (Hii) varying from 1.4×105 to 3.9×106M⊙, which are in agreement with previously published values for active galaxies. We also derive thegas outflow and inflow rates for NGC7582 and NGC4051, respectively. For NGC7582 we obtained an outflow rate of MHII ≈ 6, 3 × 10−2M yr−1 for the ionized hydrogen and of MH2 ≈ 8, 3×10−5M yr−1 for the hot H2. For NGC4051 the hot H2 inflow rate is MH2 ≈ 8 × 10−5M yr−1, which is approximately 100 times smaller than the value necessary to produce the observed emission. We conclude that the total inflow rate of molecular gas must be much higher, as we are sampling only a small part of the molecular gas present in the nuclear region of the active galaxies – the hot emitting gas.
44

Investigando a natureza LINER da galáxia elíptica NGC 5044

Diniz, Suzi Izaquiel Ferreira January 2017 (has links)
No presente trabalho zemos uso do espectr ografo multi-objeto do Gemini (GMOS) no modo de unidade de campo integral para mapear a popula c~ao estelar, a distribui c~ao do uxo das linhas de emiss~ao e a cinem atica do g as no kpc mais interno da gal axia NGC 5044. A partir da s ntese de popula c~ao estelar encontramos que a emiss~ao do cont nuo e dominada por estrelas velhas de alta metalicidade (13 Gyr, 2,5 Z ). Tamb em encontramos que a emiss~ao nuclear dessa gal axia e dilu da por uma emiss~ao n~ao t ermica, a qual atribu mos a presen ca de um n ucleo ativo gal actico (AGN) fraco. Al em disso, registramos pela primeira vez uma componente alargada (FWHM 3000 kms1) na emiss~ao da linha de H na regi~ao nuclear de NGC 5044. Por meio de diagramas de diagn ostico de raz~oes de linhas de emiss~ao encontramos que coexistem dois processos de ioniza c~ao dominantes, enquanto a regi~ao nuclear (200 pc mais internos) e ionizada por um AGN de baixa luminosidade, as estruturas lamentares s~ao consistentes com excita c~ao por choques. O campo de velocidade de H mostra evid^encias de um disco em rota c~ao, o qual tem uma amplitude de velocidade de 240 km s1a 136 pc do n ucleo. Assumindo uma aproxima c~ao Kepleriana estimamos que a massa dentro desse raio e 1; 9 0; 9 109M , o qual est a de acordo com o valor obtido utilizando a rela c~ao M- , MSMBH=1,8 1; 6 109M . Modelando o campo de velocidade do g as ionizado por uma componente de disco em rota c~ao mais in ows em dire c~ao ao n ucleo ao longo das estruturas lamentares, obtivemos uma taxa de massa de in ow de 0,4 M . Essa taxa de in ow e su ciente para acionar o AGN central na NGC 5044. / We used Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) in the Integral Field Unit mode to map the stellar population, emission line ux distributions and gas kinematics in the inner kpc of NGC 5044. From the stellar populations synthesis we found that the continuum emission is dominated by old high metallicity stars (13 Gyr, 2.5 Z ). Also, its nuclear emission is diluted by a non thermal emission, which we attribute to the presence of a weak active galactic nuclei (AGN). In addition, we report for the rst time a broad component (FWHM 3000 km s1) in the H emission line in the nuclear region of NGC 5044. By using emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams we found that two dominant ionization processes coexist, while the nuclear region (inner 200 pc) is ionized by a low luminosity AGN, being the lamentary structures consistent with excited by shocks. The H velocity eld shows evidence of a rotating disk, which has a velocity amplitude of 240 km s1at 136 pc from the nucleus. Assuming a Keplerian approach we estimated that the mass inside this radius is 1:9 0:9 109M , which is in agreement with the value obtained through the M- relation, MSMBH=1.8 1:6 109M . Modelling the ionized gas velocity eld by a rotating disk component plus in ows towards the nucleus along lamentary structures, we obtain a mass in ow rate of 0.4 M . This in ow rate is enough to power the central AGN in NGC 5044.
45

On the Distances and Energetics of AGN Outflows

Edmonds, Bartlett D. 10 September 2013 (has links)
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) ubiquitously show outflows. It is now widely recognized that these outflows are key components in the evolution of super-massive black holes and their host galaxies. As important as these outflows are, we still lack sufficient understanding of their structure and energetics. The majority of the work presented in this thesis involved photoionization modeling of AGN outflows along with analysis of density diagnostics in order to determine the distances and energetics of observed outflows. The main findings of these analyses are that 1) outflows are often at distances of hundreds to thousands of parsecs from the central supermassive black hole and 2) quasars outflows can be sufficiently powerful to provide feedback in galactic evolution scenarios. We also find in some cases that the recombination timescales of metal ions are long compared with the flux variability timescales. The large distances we find provide a challenge to current outflow models. For example, these outflows cannot be connected with an accretion disk surrounding the supermassive black hole as assumed in some models. Furthermore, the outflows may be out of equilibrium as we find in Mrk 509. In this case, a thorough understanding of time-dependent photoionization effects is necessary. In this thesis, I include early steps toward understanding time-dependent photoionization as well as ionization studies of accretion disk winds. The main results of these theoretical studies is that 1) the appearance of multiple ionization components in an outflow can be an artifact of the incorrect assumption that the outflow is in ionization equilibrium and 2) the shielding gas required in accretion-disk-wind models should have a clear signature in UV spectra, but none has been observed to date. / Ph. D.
46

Absorption-line measurements of AGN outflows

Fields, Dale 22 September 2006 (has links)
No description available.
47

A distribuição e cinemática do gás em mrk766 vistas em detalhes a partir de observações no infravermelho / The kinematics and the flux distribution in mrk766 seen in details from infrared observations

Schönell Júnior, Astor João 22 February 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We have mapped emission-line flux distributions and ratios as well as the gaseous kinematics of the inner 450 pc radius of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk 766 using integral field near-IR J- and Kl-band spectra obtained with the Gemini North instrument NIFS at a spatial resolution of ≈60 pc and velocity resolution of ≈40 kms−1. Emission-line flux distributions in Pa β and Brγ extend to ≈300 pc from the nucleus in all directions, while the [Fe II] emission is extended to a similar distance but mostly along PA≈130◦. The coronal lines traced by [S IX] are resolved, presenting emission up to ≈150 pc from the nucleus. The molecular H2 gas emission is extended also to ≈300 pc from the nucleus but along PA≈50º, approximately perpendicularly to the orientation of the [Fe II] emission. The H2 gas has an excitation temperature Texc = 2360±45K and its emission is dominated by thermal processes, mainly due X-ray heating by the active nucleus. The [Fe II] emission seems also to be produced by these thermal processes, but with an important contribution from shocks, as evidenced by the correlation between enhanced [Fe II]/[P II] line ratios, the [Fe II] velocity dispersion and the radio structure. The gas velocity field is dominated by rotation, and the fit of a circular model gives a position angle of 59º for the line of nodes, which is the approximate orientation of the extended H2 emission. This fact, combined with the low H2 velocity dispersion close to the velocity resolution of the data supports a location of the H2 emitting gas in the galaxy plane, and its association with the feeding of the supermassive black hole. There is about 103 M⊙ of hot H2, implying ≈109 M⊙ of cold molecular gas in the inner 450 pc radius. On the other hand, the higher velocity dispersion (150 kms−1) for [Fe II] to the southeast of the nucleus, and the presence of both blueshifts and redshifts in the channel maps at the corresponding locations, supports the presence of an outflow to the southwest with an axis lying close to the plane of the sky. The ionized gas outflow rate is estimated to be 2.18 M⊙ yr−1, and the power of the outflow 0.011 Lbol. The distinct flux distributions and kinematics of the H2 and [Fe II] emitting gas, with the first more restricted to the plane of the galaxy and in rotation and the second related with the radio jet and in outflow are common characteristics of 8 Seyfert galaxies (ESO428-G14, NGC4051, NGC7582, NGC4151, Mrk 1066, Mrk 1157, Mrk 79 and Mrk 766) we have studied so far using similar integral-field observations and 2 others (Circinus and NGC2110) using long-slit observations. These results support the conclusion that the H2 emission is tracer of the AGN feeding, while the [Fe II] is a tracer of its feedback. / Mapeamos as distribuições de fluxos de linhas de emissão e suas razões bem como a cinemática do gás nos 450 pc centrais da galáxia Seyfert Mrk 766 usando espectroscopia de campo integral (IFS) na região do infravermelho próximo nas bandas J e Kl obtidas com o instrumento NIFS do telestcópio Gemini-Norte com uma resolução espacial de ≈ 60 pc e resolução espectral de ≈ 40 km s−1. As distribuições de fluxos das linhas de emissão de Paβ e Brγ se estendem até ≈ 300 pc do núcleo em todas as direções, enquanto a emissão do [Fe II] se estende até uma distância similar, porém, mais concentrada ao longo do PA≈ 130º. As linhas coronais traçadas pelo [S IX] são resolvidas, apresentando emissão até ≈ 150 pc do núcleo. A emissão do H2 molecular é estendida também a ≈ 300 pc do núcleo, mas, ao longo do PA ≈ 50º, aproximadamente perpendicular a orientação da emissão do [Fe II]. O gás H2 tem uma temperatura de excitação Texc = 2360 ±45 K e sua emissão é dominada por processos térmicos, principalmente devido a aquecimento do gás por raios-X provenientes do núcleo ativo. A emissão do [Fe II] também parece ser produzida por esses processos térmicos, mas com uma importante contribuição dos choques, assim como evidenciado pela razão [Fe II]/[P II] e por aumentos na dispersão de velocidades associados com o jato rádio. e a estrutura rádio. O campo de velocidades do gás é dominado por rotação, e o ajuste de um modelo de órbitas circulares no plano da galáxia nos dá um ângulo de posição de 59º para a linha dos nodos, o que parece ser aproximadamente a orientação da elongação da emissão do H2. Este fato, combinado com a baixa dispersão de velocidades do H2 é consistente com emissão de gás localizado no plano da galáxia e sua associação com a alimentação do buraco negro supermassivo. Há aproximadamente 103 M⊙ de H2 quente, implicando em ≈ 109 M⊙ de gás molecular frio no interior dos 450 pc centrais. Por outro lado, a maior dispersão de velocidades para o [Fe II] (150 km s−1) a sudeste do núcleo, e a presença tanto de blueshifts quanto redshifts nos mapas de fluxo para diferentes velocidades nas correspondentes localizações, apoiam a presença de um outflow a sudeste, orientado próximo ao plano do céu. A taxa de outflow de gás ionizado é estimada em 2.18 M⊙ ano−1 e sua potência em 0.011 Lbol. As distintas distribuições de fluxo e cinemática do H2 e do [Fe II], com o primeiro mais restrito ao plano da galáxia e em rotação e o segundo relacionado com o jato rádio e em outflow são características comuns de 8 galáxias Seyferts (ESO 428-G14, NGC4051, NGC 7582, NGC 4151, Mrk 1066, Mrk 1157, Mrk 79 e Mrk 766) que foram estudadas por nosso grupo até agora, usando IFS e 2 outras (Circinus e NGC 2110) usando esoectroscopia de fenda longa. Estes resultados apoiam a conclusão de que a emissão do H2 é um traçador da alimentação do núcleo ativo, enquanto o [Fe II] é um traçador de seu feedback.
48

SENSITIVE VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY STUDIES OF INTERACTING/MERGING GALAXIES

Momjian, Emmanuel 01 January 2003 (has links)
It has become clear in recent years that the study of interacting/merging galaxies plays an important role in understanding important astrophysical phenomena. This thesis presents an observational study of interacting/merging galaxies at radio frequencies. The observations have been carried out at extremely high resolution using very long baseline interferometry. The observations described here include: (1) A study of the high velocity Hi absorption associated with the peculiar galaxy NGC 1275; (2) A study of the radio continuum and Hi absorption of the ULIRG IRAS 172080014; (3) A study of the radio continuum and Hi absorption of the LIRG NGC 7674. Some of the most prominent results of these observations include: Detection of several narrow Hi absorption features in the high velocity system associated with NGC 1275. These Hi absorption lines were observed toward the strong radio nucleus 3C 84. The results indicate the existence of several Hi clouds with velocity differences and widths similar to those seen in Galactic neutral hydrogen absorption and similar to some of the Hi absorption seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The discovery of an extreme nuclear starburst region in the advanced merger system IRAS 172080014. Our results suggest a star formation rate of 84 M yr-1, and a supernova rate of 4 yr-1. Hi absorption is detected in multiple components with optical depths ranging between 0.3 and 2.5, and velocity widths between 58 and 232 km s-1. The detection of complex jet structures in the inner 1 kpc region of the galaxy NGC 7674. At full resolution, several compact sources are observed with brightness temperatures on the order of 107 K. While it is possible that one of these compact structures could host an AGN, they could also be shock-like features formed by the interaction of the jet with compact interstellar clouds in the nuclear region of this galaxy. At least eight Hi absorption lines are detected toward some of the continuum emission regions in NGC 7674. If the widest Hi feature in our observations is rotationally broadened by a central supermassive black hole, the implied dynamical mass is about 107 M.
49

Optical Polarimetry and Gamma-Ray Observations of a Sample of Radio-Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Eggen, Joseph 12 August 2014 (has links)
The recent discovery of a new population of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) – the Radio Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (RL NLS1) galaxies – at g-ray energies by Fermi has prompted intense interest among researchers, as evidence mounts that these objects may in fact compose a new class of blazars. If RL NLS1s are indeed a new class of blazars, or at least analogous to them, then the detection of certain blazar-like properties would be expected. These properties include significant variability at all wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum and on timescales from minutes to years, significant & variable polarization in the radio and optical regimes, significant & variable high-energy emissions (especially in the g-ray regime), and a double-peaked structure of their spectral energy distributions. This dissertation seeks to characterize several of these properties for RL NLS1s as a class. These include the degree to which these objects are polarized and the variability of this property, the detection and characterization of these sources at g-ray energies with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi spacecraft, and the degree to which these properties are interdependent. A photopolarimetric survey (the first of its kind for this class of objects) and g-ray monitoring program were conducted by the author in order to obtain the data necessary for this project. The measurements obtained via these observations are used to characterize this interesting class of objects with respect to a sample of blazars. In general, it was found that the polarizations of these objects fall between radio-quiet NLS1s and FSRQ-type blazars, and were most similar to HBL-type blazars. The 7 RL NLS1s in this sample that had been detected above a Test Statistic (TS) of 25 by Fermi/LAT were most similar to FSRQs, while 9 objects detected in the interval 9 < TS < 25 shared several properties with HBLs. Two RL NLS1s - J1443+4725 and J1644+2619 - are identified as high-confidence (TS > 25) g-ray sources for the first time, bringing the total number of members of this class firmly detected at g-ray energies to 8. The gamma-ray spectra of RL NLS1s are similar to FSRQs, though some have steeper spectra.
50

Was 49b: An Overmassive AGN in a Merging Dwarf Galaxy?

Secrest, Nathan J., Schmitt, Henrique R., Blecha, Laura, Rothberg, Barry, Fischer, Jacqueline 17 February 2017 (has links)
We present a combined morphological and X-ray analysis of Was. 49, an isolated, dual-AGN system notable for the presence of a dominant AGN, Was 49b, in the disk of the primary galaxy, Was 49a, at a projected radial distance of 8. kpc from the nucleus. Using X-ray data from Chandra, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, and Swift, we find that this AGN has a bolometric luminosity of L-bol similar to 10(45) erg s(-1), with a black hole mass of M-BH = 1.3(-0.9)(+10)M(circle dot) . Despite the large mass, our analysis of optical data from the Discovery Channel Telescope shows that the supermassive black hole (SMBH) is hosted by a stellar counterpart with a mass of only 5.6(-2.6)(+4.9)M(circle dot), which makes the SMBH potentially larger than expected from SMBH-galaxy scaling relations, and the stellar counterpart exhibits a morphology that is consistent with dwarf elliptical galaxies. Our analysis of the system in the r and K bands indicates that Was. 49 is a minor merger, with the mass ratio of Was 49b to Was 49a between similar to 1:7 and similar to 1:15. This is in contrast with findings that the most luminous merger-triggered AGNs are found in major mergers and that minor mergers predominantly enhance AGN activity in the primary galaxy.

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