published_or_final_version / abstract / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

The end of Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union created new dynamics in international arena. The events of the new restructured world show us decline and rise of powers’ capabilities on the global and regional levels. Powers such as China and Russia started to reconsider their global and regional capabilities to define their position in international arena. The new sovereign states of Central Asian region have strengthened their capabilities with those powers who maneuver in the region in the fields of economy, politics and security. They all try to improve their interstate relations in the framework of mutual understanding, mutual trust, interaction and mutual profits. China, Russia and Central Asian Republics are pursuing the peace and stability as their strategic interests. Overall, the challenges of instability and contradictions in the region still exist. This should be an important question for future research of security studies of Central Asia region.

Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse à une question peu étudiée par l’historiographie de la Chine moderne et pourtant fondamentale pour la compréhension de l’impérialisme dans l’histoire de la Chine moderne. En s’inscrivant à la croisée de trois chantiers historiographiques, connexes, mais distincts, l’histoire urbaine, l’histoire des empires et l’histoire des forces de l’ordre, elle cherche à mettre en lumière la circulation des techniques et des savoirs de l’État moderne comme « statecraft » au niveau de la ville entre les empires européens et l’État chinois. Son objet central est la question de la défense et du maintien de l’ordre public dans la Concession française comme révélateur à la fois des relations entre les autorités françaises et locales, des tensions éventuelles entre les empires, de la hiérarchisation administrative de l’Empire français sur place, et la répartition du pouvoir de commandement militaire entre autorités civiles et militaires, dans le but d’éclairer la mise en place de l’administration municipale de Shanghai avant l’installation de la municipalité de Kuomintang en 1927 à trois niveaux. Comment les rapports existent-ils entre les trois municipalités au sein de la ville? Comment les autorités françaises construisent-elles une administration de la sécurité sur place? Enfin, comment cette administration de la sécurité répond-elle aux défis de la guerre et du conflit militaire ? / This doctoral thesis focuses on a question that has been little studied by the historiography of modern China but that is nevertheless fundamental to the understanding of imperialism in the modern history of this nation. By positioning itself at the intersection of three historiographical camps that are connected and yet distinct—urban history, the history of empires, and the history of the forces of law and order—this thesis will seek to emphasise the idea that the circulation of the skills and knowledge-base of a modern state were an example of “statecraft” within the city of Shanghai, which occupied an intermediary position between the European empires and the Chinese state. The primary focus of the thesis is the issue of defence and the maintenance of public order in the French Concession of Shanghai as being indicative of the relations that existed between the French and local authorities, the possible tensions between the empires, the administrative hierarchy of the French Empire on the ground, and the distribution of the power of military command between the civil and military authorities. The objective is to shed light on the shaping of the municipal administration of Shanghai before the establishment of the Kuomintang municipal authority in 1927 on three levels: what form did relations between the three municipalities within the city take? How did the French authorities build a security administration on the ground? Lastly, how did this security administration respond to the challenges of war and military conflict?

The dissertation aims to examine the implementation of state policies intended to promote and protect women’s rights in the first seven years of the People’s Republic of China, selecting Shanghai as a case study. Using policy implementation theory (Van Meter and Van Horn 1975; Hasenfeld and Brock 1991; Hill and Hupe 2002, 2014), the research proposes a conceptual framework to guide the analysis of implementation process in 1950s Shanghai. The framework explores four domains: policy objectives, implementing organisations, policy output and policy outcome.Three state policies towards women are examined: the Marriage Law (1950), the abolition of prostitution, and state policies towards female workers. Research findings show that the implementation of state policy towards women in the PRC (1949-1956) has been primarily influenced by the underlying state-centred principles in setting policy objectives, the level of autonomy of the local government in making local adaptive policies, and the role of the Shanghai Democratic Women’s Federation in promoting actions at grassroots level.First, the objectives of these three policies reflect the underlying state-centred principles of the central policy makers who located women’s emancipation in the process of socialist state building. Indeed, the Marriage Law (1950) did not only aim to transform traditional marriage system and establish a “democratic and harmonious” family promoting women’s status, but also to consolidate social control through marriage registration and premarital physical examination. The prohibition of prostitution ambitioned to save the “victims” of the Old society, but also to establish a new socialist social order by the accommodation and re-education of prostitutes. As for the protection regulations for female workers, the goals have changed from a mere emphasis on protecting women’s special interests to the combination of reducing women’s “special difficulty” at work, raising women’s enthusiasm for participating into the socialist construction and improving their work efficiency. As we see, the state policies towards women were not only part of the practice of women’s emancipation, but also of the broader program of social transformation and state construction. Under the broad intentions, the execution of state policies towards women would be inevitably re-oriented to serve state development.Second, when local authorities enjoyed a certain level of autonomy in formulating concrete measures based on the central policies and the local conditions, state policies towards women could be put into practice. The Marriage Law (1950) was poorly implemented until local regulations on marriage registration and premarital physical examination were allowed to be issued by the Shanghai municipal government. Prostitution were officially eradicated by the November 1951, when the local government drafted detailed plans and provided budgets and resources. As the central authorities granted local labour authorities the flexibility to formulate protection measures towards female workers, protection provisions towards pregnant and breastfeeding female workers were experimentally organised by the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions and the Shanghai Democratic Women’s Federation.Third, the role of the Shanghai Democratic Women’s Federation has changed over the period under study. During the early periods of the PRC, the Shanghai Democratic Women’s Federation was involved in the closed government policy making. Cadres of the Women’s Federation did not only help draft local regulations on marriage registration and premarital physical examination but also played a key role in their implementation. Later, while the centralised governmental system was established, the Shanghai Democratic Women’sFederation had more impact on the implementation stage rather than on policy making as such. That is, the role of the Women’s Federation was restricted to assisting the local authorities in the implementation of central policies.In sum, based on archival documents, the research offers a better understanding of how state policies were actually deployed at the local level. Through the empirical policy implementation analysis in Shanghai, the framework applied in this dissertation provides reliable guidance to identify the factors that influenced the implementation of state policies related to gender issues in the 1950s China. It demonstrates that the Women’s Federation did influence the implementation process of state policies towards women at the local level and explains why and how this women’s intervention was weakened during the first seven years of the PRC. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

by Lai Hau-yee, Lee Siu-ling. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70). / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iii / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Scope --- p.1 / Statement of Problems --- p.2 / Motive for Shopping --- p.3 / Source of Product Information --- p.3 / Choice of Outlet/Product --- p.3 / Influencer of Purchase Decision --- p.3 / Type of Salesperson Preferred --- p.4 / Chapter II. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.5 / Research Design --- p.5 / Exploratory Research --- p.5 / Descriptive Research --- p.6 / Data Collection Method --- p.7 / Secondary Data --- p.7 / Primary Data --- p.7 / Fieldwork --- p.8 / Analysis --- p.9 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10 / Chapter IV. --- ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS --- p.14 / Purpose --- p.14 / External Environment --- p.14 / Population Demographics --- p.15 / Economic Environment --- p.15 / Infrastructure --- p.16 / Taxation --- p.16 / Legal Environment and Government Bureaucracy --- p.17 / Political Environment --- p.19 / Competitive Environment --- p.20 / Culture --- p.20 / Marketing Environment --- p.22 / Market Segmentation --- p.22 / Product --- p.23 / Price --- p.24 / Distribution --- p.24 / Promotion --- p.26 / Chapter V. --- SURVEY FINDINGS --- p.29 / Results of Descriptive Research --- p.29 / Cross-Tabulation --- p.29 / Hypothesis Testing --- p.39 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.45 / Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.49 / APPENDICES --- p.53 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.68

by Yeung Kai Tat Richard. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / PREFACE --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Organization of The Hongkong Bank in USA --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background to the study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objective --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.3 / Chapter 2. --- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRALISATION OF PURCHASING --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Advantages of Centralization --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Disadvantages of Centralization --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Comments / Chapter 3. --- PRESENT PURCHASING SYSTEMS IN THE MAJOR COMMERCIAL BANKS WITHIN THE GROUP --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Marine Midland Bank in New York --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in Hong Kong --- p.11 / Chapter 4. --- PURCHASING OF OFFICE STATIONERY AND FORMS IN HONGKONG BANK NEW YORK --- p.14 / Chapter 4.1 --- Findings --- p.14 / Chapter 4.2 --- Recommendations --- p.21 / Chapter 5. --- PURCHASING OF COMPUTER AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT --- p.38 / Chapter 5.1 --- Findings --- p.38 / Chapter 5.2 --- Recommendations --- p.45 / Chapter 6. --- PURCHASING OF OFFICE FURNITURE --- p.59 / Chapter 6.1 --- Findings --- p.59 / Chapter 6.2 --- Recommendations --- p.63 / Chapter 7. --- APPROVAL/AUTHORIZATION PROCESS --- p.66 / Chapter 7.1 --- Findings --- p.66 / Chapter 7.2 --- Recommendations --- p.68 / Chapter 8. --- STAFFING FOR PURCHASING --- p.71 / Chapter 8.1 --- Present Staff Performing Purchasing Functions --- p.71 / Chapter 8.2 --- Proposed Staffing for Centralised Purchasing --- p.73 / Chapter 9. --- PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE --- p.75 / Chapter 10. --- CONCLUDING REMARKS --- p.77 / APPENDIX / Chapter 1. --- Examples of Stationery purchased by Petty Cash and Travel Expenses / Chapter 2. --- Warehoused Documents and Forms / Chapter 3. --- Standard Stationery List / Chapter 4. --- Sample of Office Supplies Requisition Form / Chapter 5. --- Sample of Stationery Usage Report / Chapter 6. --- Stationery Vendor Comparision / Chapter 7. --- Proposed Requisition Form for Non-standard Stationery / Chapter 8 . --- Present Purchase Order Form / Chapter 9. --- Cost Comparison for Computer Paper between Vendors / Chapter 10. --- Stationery Costs for Branches Outside New York / Chapter 11. --- Cost Comparison for PC Software and Hardware Vendors

by Au Lai Hang. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER I- --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / The Changing Distribution System in China --- p.1 / Objectives of the Study --- p.3 / Arrangement of Content --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER II - --- METHODOLOGY --- p.5 / Chapter CHAPTER III - --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8 / Channel Selection --- p.8 / Distribution Practices Adopted in China --- p.9 / Channel Length --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER IV- --- CURRENT DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE IN CHINA --- p.12 / Carbonated Soft Drinks: Coca Cola Versus Sunkist --- p.13 / Biscuits: United Biscuits Versus Nabisco --- p.19 / Chocolate : Mars Versus Ferrero --- p.25 / Generalisation of Current Distribution Channel --- p.32 / Key Factors Affecting Channel Selection in this Context --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER V - --- THE SHANGHAI RETAIL SCENE --- p.41 / The Shanghai Economy --- p.41 / Fast Moving Consumer Goods Handlers in Shanghai --- p.43 / Development of Chain Supermarkets in Shanghai --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER VI - --- SURVEY FINDINGS --- p.45 / Objectives --- p.45 / Response Rate --- p.45 / Survey Results --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER VII - --- IMPLICATIONS --- p.50 / To Manufacturers --- p.50 / To Current Distribution Structure --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER VIII - --- CONCLUSION --- p.55 / APPENDIX --- p.58 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.63

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