Carol Shields has not always been acknowledged as a feminist thinker by scholars, but an examination of womens work and art in her novels shows how her novels employ the feminist theories of Simon de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan in the creation of her own feminist philosophy. De Beauvoirs ideas on transcendence and immanence find expression in Shieldss novels, A Fairly Conventional Woman, The Stone Diaries, and Unless, as her female characters use work (both domestic and artistic) to transcend powerlessness.

Carol Shields has not always been acknowledged as a feminist thinker by scholars, but an examination of womens work and art in her novels shows how her novels employ the feminist theories of Simon de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan in the creation of her own feminist philosophy. De Beauvoirs ideas on transcendence and immanence find expression in Shieldss novels, A Fairly Conventional Woman, The Stone Diaries, and Unless, as her female characters use work (both domestic and artistic) to transcend powerlessness.

This paper explores the relationship between postmodernist discourses and feminist discourses, asking, firstly, whether or not feminist political action is possible within a postmodernist theoretical climate that scrutinizes the construction of universalizing group identities, and, secondly, how political action might be undertaken in such a theoretical climate. I contend that Carol Shields, reflecting the postmodernist ideology of Jean-François Lyotard and Patricia Waugh, creates Daisy Goodwill Fletts absence in The Stone Diaries. This absence, in turn, acts to acknowledge the gaps in knowledge that exist within self-legitimating grand narratives. It demonstrates that Daisys performance of these grand narratives, particularly heteronormativity, necessarily obstructs her voice and, thereby, marginalizes her ability to act politically within that narrative. The Stone Diaries, then, calls for a plural public space by exposing what remains unknownwomens lives and narrativeswithin the current public space.

In the study, the thickness of wave moved-sediment layers was measured under regular wave conditions as well as the initial slope of sea bed with grain size of medium diameter 0.237mm and 0.128mm. The initial bottom slope ( tan£\) is 1/45, and nineteen wave conditions were studied. For each case, we analyzed the results after about 28800 waves were made. Sands are similar density and grain size but different colors. After wave action, the clear boundary between the two layers (two different colors) of sands will be mixed into gray color by wave-induced vortex.According to unmoved-layer(white) and gray-layer to get the total wave-moved sediment quantity. Finally, we get the relationship between the wave-moved sediment quantity per wave( q) and two parameters( £`b and £Kb ) which were established by Liao (2005, doctorate draft). The grain size does not affect £`b , and we get the q= 6.486*10^-5*£`b . The relationships between and ¡G 0.110mm gets q=5.103*10^-6£Kb , 0.128mm gets q=1.139*10^-5*£Kb, and 0.237mm gets q=1.933*10^-5*£Kb .

In the study, an innovative method is developed in 2-D wave flume tests to explore how much sand is set in motion by waves, and how wave-moved sediment is related to wave properties. Wave conditions on an initial sea bed slopes with grain size of about 0.1mm are varying during the experiments. Three initial bottom slopes of 1/30, 1/45, and 1/60 are analyzed in the study. The total number of waves acting is about 39,600 for each wave condition. The accumulated time of generated waves during the study is more than 1,280 hours; this is equivalent to about 2.45 million waves. The dark sands, along the observing window of the wave tank, of an initial sea bed are replaced by a slice column of white sands. The mixing caused by the waves moved dark and white sands together which generates a layer of grey sands that marks the interface of moved and unmoved white sands on the window. In some cases, three additional white sand columns are merged into the dark sand body perpendicular to the window to verify the uniformity of the moved layer in the wave crest direction. The quantity of the moved sediment is then computed and the wave-moved sediment by each wave is evaluated. Results show that the wave-moved sediment by each wave is linearly correlated to the wave breaking induced turbulent eddy viscosity, based on Prandtls mixing length model. The corresponding proportional coefficient reaches an asymptotic value as the number of acting waves is more than about 10,000. A Similar trend, but more diverse, is found when the wave-moved sediment is related to a movable parameter defined from the Shields number in which the Komars relation of bottom friction and slope is applied. However, the results indicate that the wave-moved sediment does not linearly correlate with the breaking wave power as proposed by most previous studies.

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem zeitlichen Verlauf und den Gründen des Wechsels zwischen zwei magmatischen Regimen während der Hebung der Zentralen Anden. Das ältere vulkanische Regime wird durch miozäne Schildvulkane repräsentiert, die voluminöse Lavaströme hinterließen. Das zweite Regime besteht aus differenzierteren, steilen Stratovulkanen, mit einem weitaus geringeren Eruptionsvolumen.

To determine the relationship between the abundance and density of benthic invertebrates, and the critical shear stress of individual grain sizes, a reach along Smith Creek, was divided into ten 2m x 2m quadrants. Within each quadrant, five randomly selected clasts for each grain size ranging from 2.26 to 25.6 cm were cleaned for benthic invertebrates. Wolman pebble counts for each quadrant were also conducted and used to determine the critical Shields stress per grain size fraction from the model given by Wiberg and Smith (1987) that explicitly accounts for particle hiding/sheltering effects in mixed-bed rivers. Particle entrainment values were then compared with estimated bankfull Shields stress values to determine sediment transport potential during bankfull flow. Invertebrate abundance was strongly positively correlated with critical Shields stress up to the 18.0 cm grain size, indicating a preference for certain grain sizes; while density was positively correlated with all grain sizes present.

This dissertation examines the christological thought of Thomas Todhunter Shields between the years 1894 to 1930, along with its influence on his view of the Bible and of the Christian's role within his/her culture. / T. T. Shields was one of the most prominent Fundamentalist leaders in the 1920's. While a popularizer rather than an academic his thought merits study due to his influence within Fundamentalism and his reputation for being one of the more "thoughtful" of Fundamentalists. / Shields' christology was monophysitic and docetic leading, in time, to a full blown christo-monism which effectively removed Christ from his mediatorial role. In place of Christ, Shields virtually substituted the Bible; and the characteristics that he had attributed to the Christ (viz., transcendence of error and 'the human element') he now attributed to the Scriptures. Shields' christology also resulted in a truncation of his conception the church, particularly with respect to the question of Christian mission.

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2004

Teilw. zugl.: Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.