No description available.

A Ressonância Magnética (RM) é uma técnica extremamente promissora para diversas áreas do conhecimento, desde seu uso conhecido em medicina até aplicações na indústria a fim de melhorar a eficiência de diversos processos. Este projeto trata do desenvolvimento de uma das partes do Espectrômetro Digital de RM desenvolvido pelo Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia in vivo por Ressonância Magnética (CIERMag), o controlador de bobinas de shimming. O ajuste de shimming oferece melhorias significativas no resultado de experimentos e é parte integral de qualquer sistema de RM tanto por imagens como por espectroscopia. Foi idealizado um equipamento para estabelecer as correntes adequadas em bobinas de shimming que pode ser acessado tanto local como remotamente, permitindo a integração com outros subsistemas do Espectrômetro Digital. O equipamento consiste de hardware específico para estabelecer e analisar as correntes estabelecidas em bobinas de shimming e também de software adequado. Este projeto estabelece as diretrizes de funcionamento do controlador de bobinas de shimming e como ele interage com outros equipamentos. / Magnetic Resonance is an extremely promising technique to many areas of knowledge, from its use in medicine to industrial applications where it can improve the efficiency of different processes. This project describes the development of one element of the Digital Spectrometer being developed by CIERMag: the shimming coil controller. Shimming adjustments in magnetic resonance improves experiments results significantly and is an integral part of any magnetic resonance system, from imaging to spectroscopy. A system as developed to establish the proper currents in shimming coils that can be accessed both locally and remotely, easing the integration with other subsystems of the Digital Spectrometer. The controller consists of both custom built hardware and software to establish and analyze the currents in shimming coils. This project also establishes the controller requirements and how it interacts with other systems.

A Ressonância Magnética (RM) é uma técnica extremamente promissora para diversas áreas do conhecimento, desde seu uso conhecido em medicina até aplicações na indústria a fim de melhorar a eficiência de diversos processos. Este projeto trata do desenvolvimento de uma das partes do Espectrômetro Digital de RM desenvolvido pelo Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia in vivo por Ressonância Magnética (CIERMag), o controlador de bobinas de shimming. O ajuste de shimming oferece melhorias significativas no resultado de experimentos e é parte integral de qualquer sistema de RM tanto por imagens como por espectroscopia. Foi idealizado um equipamento para estabelecer as correntes adequadas em bobinas de shimming que pode ser acessado tanto local como remotamente, permitindo a integração com outros subsistemas do Espectrômetro Digital. O equipamento consiste de hardware específico para estabelecer e analisar as correntes estabelecidas em bobinas de shimming e também de software adequado. Este projeto estabelece as diretrizes de funcionamento do controlador de bobinas de shimming e como ele interage com outros equipamentos. / Magnetic Resonance is an extremely promising technique to many areas of knowledge, from its use in medicine to industrial applications where it can improve the efficiency of different processes. This project describes the development of one element of the Digital Spectrometer being developed by CIERMag: the shimming coil controller. Shimming adjustments in magnetic resonance improves experiments results significantly and is an integral part of any magnetic resonance system, from imaging to spectroscopy. A system as developed to establish the proper currents in shimming coils that can be accessed both locally and remotely, easing the integration with other subsystems of the Digital Spectrometer. The controller consists of both custom built hardware and software to establish and analyze the currents in shimming coils. This project also establishes the controller requirements and how it interacts with other systems.

Este trabalho consistiu na implementação de um método de homogeneização de campo, denominado shimming passivo. Esse método é caracterizado pela inserção de pequenas peças ferromagnéticas no interior do magneto; a interação destas peças com o campo magnético principal produz campos locais capazes de corrigir inomogeneidades indesejadas, quando várias peças são estrategicamente combinadas. Embora esse método já tenha sido bem discutido, implementado e publicado por D.I.Hoult na década de 80, ele ainda não havia sido desenvolvido para um magneto resistivo com núcleo de ferro e peças polares, como é o caso do Artro-ToRM. Nosso objetivo era, através do Artro-ToRM, encontrar uma metodologia de modelagem e correção de campo que fosse útil para magnetos com a mesma geometria. Foram utilizados métodos computacionais de ajuste numérico que, a partir de mapas originais de campo, foram capazes de encontrar configurações de peças magnéticas que pudessem reduzir as inomogeneidades presentes. Um dos maiores desafios do trabalho, foi encontrarmos elementos passivos com comportamento previsível quando submetidos ao campo magnético principal, já que os programas de otimização presupunham que trabalhávamos com dipolos magnéticos, para efeitos de simplificação. Finalmente, considerando uma região cilíndrica com raio de 5 cm e comprimento de 10 cm, mostramos uma melhora de 390 ppm para 250 ppm na homogeneidade, após a correção passiva. / This work presents the implementation of a method for field correction, called passive shimming. The method is characterized by the insertion of small iron pieces in magnet bore; the interaction of these pieces with the main magnetic field produces local fields capable of correcting undesired inhomogenity, when some parts are strategically combined. Although this method has been already proposed by D.I.Hoult in the eighties, it still has not been developed for resistive magnets with polar pieces, such as the Artro-ToRM. Our objective were to find a method for field modeling and correction that could be useful for magnets with similar geometry. Computational methods of numerical adjustment were used from the original field maps, it was possible to find the optimal the configurations of magnetic parts for reducing the field inhomogenity. One of the biggest challenges of the work, was to find passive elements with previsible behavior when submitted to magnetic field main, since the optimization programs preassumed that we worked with magnetic dipoles, for the purpose of simplification. Finally, considering a cilindrical region, we show an improvement of 390 ppm to 250 ppm in the homogenity, after the passive correction.

Este trabalho consistiu na implementação de um método de homogeneização de campo, denominado shimming passivo. Esse método é caracterizado pela inserção de pequenas peças ferromagnéticas no interior do magneto; a interação destas peças com o campo magnético principal produz campos locais capazes de corrigir inomogeneidades indesejadas, quando várias peças são estrategicamente combinadas. Embora esse método já tenha sido bem discutido, implementado e publicado por D.I.Hoult na década de 80, ele ainda não havia sido desenvolvido para um magneto resistivo com núcleo de ferro e peças polares, como é o caso do Artro-ToRM. Nosso objetivo era, através do Artro-ToRM, encontrar uma metodologia de modelagem e correção de campo que fosse útil para magnetos com a mesma geometria. Foram utilizados métodos computacionais de ajuste numérico que, a partir de mapas originais de campo, foram capazes de encontrar configurações de peças magnéticas que pudessem reduzir as inomogeneidades presentes. Um dos maiores desafios do trabalho, foi encontrarmos elementos passivos com comportamento previsível quando submetidos ao campo magnético principal, já que os programas de otimização presupunham que trabalhávamos com dipolos magnéticos, para efeitos de simplificação. Finalmente, considerando uma região cilíndrica com raio de 5 cm e comprimento de 10 cm, mostramos uma melhora de 390 ppm para 250 ppm na homogeneidade, após a correção passiva. / This work presents the implementation of a method for field correction, called passive shimming. The method is characterized by the insertion of small iron pieces in magnet bore; the interaction of these pieces with the main magnetic field produces local fields capable of correcting undesired inhomogenity, when some parts are strategically combined. Although this method has been already proposed by D.I.Hoult in the eighties, it still has not been developed for resistive magnets with polar pieces, such as the Artro-ToRM. Our objective were to find a method for field modeling and correction that could be useful for magnets with similar geometry. Computational methods of numerical adjustment were used from the original field maps, it was possible to find the optimal the configurations of magnetic parts for reducing the field inhomogenity. One of the biggest challenges of the work, was to find passive elements with previsible behavior when submitted to magnetic field main, since the optimization programs preassumed that we worked with magnetic dipoles, for the purpose of simplification. Finally, considering a cilindrical region, we show an improvement of 390 ppm to 250 ppm in the homogenity, after the passive correction.

The issue of eddy currents induced by the rapid switching of magnetic field gradients is a long-standing problem in magnetic resonance imaging. A new method for dealing with this problem is presented whereby spatial harmonic components of the magnetic field are continuously sensed, through their temporal rates of change, and corrected. In this way, the effects of the eddy currents on multiple spatial harmonic components of the magnetic field can be detected and corrections applied during the rise time of the gradients. Sensing the temporal changes in each spatial harmonic is made possible with specially designed detection coils. However to make the design of these coils possible, general relationships between the spatial harmonics of the field, scalar potential, and vector potential are found within the quasi-static approximation. These relationships allow the vector potential to be found from the field – an inverse curl operation – and may be of use beyond the specific problem of detection coil design. Using the detection coils as sensors, methods are developed for designing a negative feedback system to control the eddy current effects and optimizing that system with respect to image noise and distortion. The design methods are successfully tested in a series of proof-of-principle experiments which lead to a discussion of how to incorporate similar designs into an operational MRI.

The issue of eddy currents induced by the rapid switching of magnetic field gradients is a long-standing problem in magnetic resonance imaging. A new method for dealing with this problem is presented whereby spatial harmonic components of the magnetic field are continuously sensed, through their temporal rates of change, and corrected. In this way, the effects of the eddy currents on multiple spatial harmonic components of the magnetic field can be detected and corrections applied during the rise time of the gradients. Sensing the temporal changes in each spatial harmonic is made possible with specially designed detection coils. However to make the design of these coils possible, general relationships between the spatial harmonics of the field, scalar potential, and vector potential are found within the quasi-static approximation. These relationships allow the vector potential to be found from the field – an inverse curl operation – and may be of use beyond the specific problem of detection coil design. Using the detection coils as sensors, methods are developed for designing a negative feedback system to control the eddy current effects and optimizing that system with respect to image noise and distortion. The design methods are successfully tested in a series of proof-of-principle experiments which lead to a discussion of how to incorporate similar designs into an operational MRI.

No description available.

The procedure of joining flexible or nonrigid parts using applied loads is called compliant assembly, and it is widely used in automotive, aerospace, electronics, and appliance manufacturing. Uncontrolled assembly processes may produce geometric errors that can exceed design tolerances and induce an increment of elastic energy in the structure due to the accumulation of internal stresses. This condition might create unexpected deformations and residual stress distributions across the structure that compromise product functionality. This thesis presents a method based on nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (FEA), metamodelling, and optimization techniques to provide accurate and on-time shimming strategies to support the definition of optimum assembly strategies. An example of the method on a typical aerospace wing box structure is demonstrated in the present study. The delivered outputs intend to support the production line by anticipating the response of the structure under a specific assembly condition and presenting alternative assembly strategies that can be applied to address eventual predicted issues on product requirements. / Graduate

This thesis is concerned with problems of measuring and mapping of magnetic field in MR tomograph, for purpose of magnetic flux density homogeneity optimization. Attention is paid to mapping techniques on rotary symmetric volume and to ways of magnetic fields optimization with utilization of passive and active correction systems. Theoretical analysis of magnetic field decomposition with utilization of spherical harmonics and numerical decomposition is made. Mapping and approximation techniques of basic magnetic field are verified by experiments in the laboratory at the Institute of Scientific Instruments AS CR in Brno.