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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

ÉTUDE DU TRAITEMENT DES SILOXANES PAR ADSORPTION SUR MATÉRIAUX POREUX : APPLICATION AU TRAITEMENT DES BIOGAZ

Ricaurte Ortega, Deyanira 08 December 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Étude du traitement des siloxanes par adsorption sur matériaux poreux : application au traitement des biogaz Les biogaz sont des mélanges à forte teneur en méthane utilisés dans la production de chaleur ou d'électricité. Ils contiennent des quantités plus ou moins importantes de siloxanes qui sont interdits pour de nombreuses utilisations du biogaz. La possibilité d'élimination des siloxanes par adsorption est étudiée. Une étude en réacteurs statiques permet d'évaluer les capacités d'adsorption des charbons actifs, de zéolithes et du gel de silice. L'influence sur les capacités de traitement des siloxanes, de la présence de CH4, de CO2, de l'humidité, et d'autres composés organiques volatils dans la matrice gazeuse, est étudiée. Des bonnes capacités d'adsorption de certains adsorbants sont retrouvées. Dans les conditions d'adsorption les plus défavorables on obtient une diminution de 20 % sur les capacités d'adsorption. Les capacités de traitement restent modestes. L'influence des conditions opératoires du procédé est étudiée dans le but d'augmenter les capacités de traitement et réduire la quantité d'adsorbant. Les résultats nous ont permis de définir, valider et dimensionner un système de traitement à échelle réduite. Le procédé envisagé consiste en une adsorption sur tissu de carbone activé, alternant avec des phases de régénération thermique. Une unité pilote a permis de réaliser et d'évaluer le vieillissement du procédé. L'ensemble de ce travail laisse entrevoir des possibilités d'applications industrielles du procédé, même si une phase d'essai sur site en conditions réelles est encore nécessaire.
42

Élastomères siloxanes à liens dynamiques / Polysiloxane elastomers with dynamic bonds

Angot, Fanny 08 November 2016 (has links)
Les élastomères siloxanes sont des thermodurcissables, réticulés chimiquement, qui ne peuvent être ni remis en forme, ni transférés sur un support autre que celui d'origine, ni recyclés. Afin d'apporter une réponse à ces limitations, nous avons cherché à développer des élastomères siloxanes vitrimères, les vitrimères étant des matériaux capables d'être remis en forme, réparés et soudés grâce à des réactions d'échange associatives catalysées se produisant dans le réseau et activées par élévation de la température. Dans la première approche, nous avons étudié la trans-siloxanation, réaction d'échange intrinsèque aux siloxanes vivants, catalysée par les anions silanolates SiO- présents dans le réseau. Cependant, le caractère vivant induit un équilibre entre le réseau et des cycles, ces derniers très volatils peuvent s'évaporer lors du chauffage, ce qui favorise alors la dépolymérisation du réseau par trans-siloxanation intramoléculaire. Il en résulte que ces élastomères vivants ne sont pas vitrimères, leur connectivité étant continument modifiée. Néanmoins, nous avons montré que l'ajout de carbonate de césium accélère la réaction d'échange et permet la soudure de deux joints d'élastomères dont au moins un est vivant. Dans la seconde approche, le caractère vitrimère repose sur des liens dynamiques imines au sein d'un réseau siloxane non vivant. L'avantage de ce lien étant d'être non seulement échangeable mais aussi dissociable dans certaines conditions douces, ces élastomères siloxanes ont pu être remis en forme et recyclés. Enfin, l'introduction de charges de silice a permis d'améliorer leurs propriétés mécaniques sans toutefois altérer leurs propriétés vitrimères. / The polysiloxane elastomers are thermosets, chemically cross-linked, that can neither be reshaped, transferred on a support different from their original one nor recyclable. In order to overcome these limitations, siloxane elastomer vitrimers have been developed, the vitrimers being materials able to be reshaped, repaired and welded thanks to catalyzed and thermo-activated associative exchange reactions occurring within the network. In a first approach, we studied the trans-siloxanation, the intrinsic exchange reaction of living siloxanes, catalyzed by the silanolate anion SiO-. Nevertheless, this living nature leads to equilibrium between the network and cycles, that can evaporate upon heating and cause the depolymerisation of the network by intramolecular trans-siloxanation. The living elastomers are thus not vitrimer since their connectivity is continuously modified. However, we have shown that the addition of caesium carbonate accelerates the exchange reaction and allows the welding of two joints with at least one living. In the second approach, the vitrimer behaviour relies on imine dynamic bonds introduced into a non living network (no silanolate anion). As this bond is exchangeable but also dissociable under soft conditions, imine siloxane elastomers can not only be reshaped and but also recycled. Finally, the introduction of silica charges improves the mechanical properties without altering the vitrimer properties.
43

Obtencao e caracterizacao de ceramicas no sistema Si-Al-O-N-C empregando pirolise de misturas de polissiloxano e cargas

ROCHA, ROSA M. da 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09621.pdf: 29120771 bytes, checksum: 09052cbfc1e575071c4639bed85d4176 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
44

Estudo da interacao quimica do poli(dimetilsiloxano-g-oxido de etileno) na membrana de poli(N-vinil-2-pirrolidona) e agar induzida com radiacao ionizante

BAZZI, AUREA de S. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06632.pdf: 4097419 bytes, checksum: 1cde4c2787112f93fcca894974c568fd (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
45

Obtencao e caracterizacao de ceramicas no sistema Si-Al-O-N-C empregando pirolise de misturas de polissiloxano e cargas

ROCHA, ROSA M. da 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09621.pdf: 29120771 bytes, checksum: 09052cbfc1e575071c4639bed85d4176 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
46

Estudo da interacao quimica do poli(dimetilsiloxano-g-oxido de etileno) na membrana de poli(N-vinil-2-pirrolidona) e agar induzida com radiacao ionizante

BAZZI, AUREA de S. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06632.pdf: 4097419 bytes, checksum: 1cde4c2787112f93fcca894974c568fd (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
47

Estudo teórico da adsorção de siloxanos sobre superfícies da gama-alumina

Ferreira Junior, Ary Rodrigues 28 November 2013 (has links)
Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-05T15:54:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 aryrodriguesferreirajunior.pdf: 3094807 bytes, checksum: 6847722cf7c001b55fb374bb7d01b63a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-08-05T16:14:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 aryrodriguesferreirajunior.pdf: 3094807 bytes, checksum: 6847722cf7c001b55fb374bb7d01b63a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T16:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aryrodriguesferreirajunior.pdf: 3094807 bytes, checksum: 6847722cf7c001b55fb374bb7d01b63a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A alumina, Al2O3, é um material largamente utilizado na indústria. A fase   é o α produto mais estável da calcinação de hidróxidos e oxi­hidróxidos como a boehmita,  γ AlO(OH), a bayerita,  ­Al(OH) α 3, e a gibbsita  ­Al(OH) γ 3, acima de 1.000°C. Em temperaturas intermediárias, diferentes fases da alumina podem ser observadas, as quais são denominadas aluminas de transição ( ,  ,  ,  ,   e  ). A fase   deste óxido é reconhecida como um material η γ χ δ κ θ γ extremamente   importante   em   vários   processos   industriais   atuando   como   adsorvente, catalisador ou suporte. Esta alumina de transição é muito utilizada na indústria petroquímica como suporte para catalisadores a base de sulfetos de metais de transição Co(Ni)MoS no processo de hidrotratamento (HDT). O polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS) é um polímero de fórmula geral [(CH3)2SiO]n, empregado como fluído de perfuração na indústria do petróleo, porém a sua aplicação como agente antiespumante em processos de transformação e tratamento nas refinarias merece maior atenção, devido ao problema da contaminação de catalisadores utilizados no processo de HDT. A sua degradação pode ocorrer a temperaturas superiores a 400°C alcançadas nos processos térmicos não catalíticos. Logo, as frações do petróleo que seguem para o processo de HDT, como a nafta leve e pesada ou o óleo diesel, já podem estar carregando para o reator oligômeros em concentrações suficientes para a desativação do catalisador. Neste trabalho, a Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT)   foi utilizada na modelagem das superfícies (100) e (110) da  ­alumina e também da fase ativa do catalisador γ MoS/ ­Al γ 2O3. Foi possível realizar a simulação de propriedades como os parâmetros espectrais de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Estado Sólido de 27Al e 29Si bem como as frequências vibracionais dos modos normais associados aos grupos hidroxila superficiais. Este conjunto de simulações permitiu que uma série de trabalhos experimentais relevantes relacionados à caracterização das superfícies do óxido e do catalisador envenenado fossem revisitados. Com a termodinâmica estatística foi possível discutir a presença de sítios ácidos de Lewis tricoordenados AlIII em amostras do suporte submetidas a tratamento térmico. Uma análise de energias livres dos primeiros estágios do envenenamento do catalisador sugeriu que os sítios ácidos de Brønsted do suporte são consumidos preferencialmente. / Alumina, Al2O3, is a material widely used in the industry. The   phase is the most α stable product in the calcination of boehmite,  ­ AlO(OH), bayerite  ­Al(OH) γ α 3, and gibbsite ­Al(OH)γ 3, at temperatures above 1.000°C. At intermediate temperatures, different phases of alumina can be observed, which are termed transition aluminas ( ,  ,  ,  ,   e  ). The   phase η γ χ δ κ θ γ of this oxide is known as an extremely important material in a number of industrial processes acting as an adsorbent, a catalyst or a catalyst support. This transition alumina is extensively used in petroleum and petrochemical industries as a support for transition­metal sulfides Co(Ni)MoS in hydrotreatment (HDT) process. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer with chemical formula [(CH3)2SiO]n applied in the oil industry as a drilling fluid, but its application as an anti­foaming agent in oil refineries deserves attention, because of the problem associated with catalyst deactivation in the HDT process. Its degradation can occur at temperatures exceeding 400°C in non­catalytic thermal processes. So, some oil fractions which follows to the HDT process, as naphtha or diesel, may already be carrying to the reactor some oligomers like siloxanes, silanes, and silanols, in very low concentrations, but enough for catalyst deactivation due to the accumulation of silicon over the surfaces.  In the present work, the Densidty Functional Theory (DFT) was used for the modeling of the (100) and (110) surfaces of  ­alumina as well as of the active phase of MoS/ ­Al γ γ 2O3 catalyst. With the structural models it was possible to perform simulations of properties like the 27Al and 29Si Solid­State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectral parameters as well as the vibrational frequencies of the normal modes associated with the surfaces hydroxyl groups. With this set of simulated data, it was possible to reassess a number of experimental works related to the characterization of the oxide surfaces and the catalyst poisoning. From statistical thermodynamics, the presence of tri­coordinated Lewis acid sites AlIII in samples subjected to thermal treatment was discussed and a free energy analysis considering the first steps of the catlyst poisoning process suggested that the Brønsted acid sites of the support are consumed preferentially.
48

Development of Novel Cycloaliphatic Siloxanes for Thermal and UV-curable Applications

Chakraborty, Ruby 12 May 2008 (has links)
No description available.
49

Structuring Silicones and Silica at Interfaces

Rajendra, Vinodh 31 January 2015 (has links)
<p>The development of both silica and silicones has led to enormous improvements in available products over the last 50 years: the compounds have now found practical applications in fields ranging from electronics to biomaterials. Both of these materials have several desirable intrinsic properties. The compounds can be combined as a blend, in a composite or at an interface with other compounds to tune the chemical and physical properties to those desired. On their own, silica and silicones also have many applications. Their utility would be enhanced if it was possible to improve morphological control of the materials independently or together.</p> <p>This thesis explores various parameters and factors that enable the structuring of elastomers, colloids/suspensions, films and foams with the use of unconventional or new organosilicon chemistries. Specifically, amine and boron based catalysts are utilized to catalyze silicone and silica formation at different interfaces to create the materials mentioned above. Potential applications for these materials include drug delivery, GC chromatography and paper-based diagnostics.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
50

Synthesis and Property Optimization of Ordered, Aryl Dense Polysiloxanes Using Boron Catalysis

Schneider, Alyssa F. January 2019 (has links)
Silicones are widely used polymeric materials due to their unique properties. The material properties of silicones may be altered by incorporating various organic groups. Traditional methods for linear silicone synthesis involve ring-opening polymerization, which leaves the growing chain susceptible to acid or base mediated chain redistribution and the formation of cyclic monomer byproducts. The Piers-Rubinsztajn (PR) reaction is an alternative siloxane synthetic route that avoids the use of tin- or platinum- based, or of Brønsted acid/base catalysts. Siloxane bond formation is catalyzed by tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) (R’3Si-H + RO-SiR”3 → R’3Si-O-SiR”3 + RH); alkoxysilanes can be replaced with silanols or alkoxybenzenes. The catalytic activity of B(C6F5)3 was shown to be hindered by trace water in solution; water acts as a Lewis base coordinating to B(C6F5)3. Since the hydrate-free form of B(C6F5)3 is required to initiate a PR reaction, water can act as an inhibitor. In a somewhat contradictory fashion, water was also shown to react with hydrosilanes via a B(C6F5)3 catalyzed hydrolysis reaction to give silanols, that themselves are reagents for the process. The reactivity of alkoxysilanes (or aryl ethers) in the PR reaction was found to be much quicker than water. This was exploited in the synthesis of Ax(AB)yAx triblock copolymers. The aryl rich AB core was first synthesized using the PR reaction. Excess silicone condensed via hydrolysis forming the A blocks. This method of exploiting relative reactivity to tune structure was applied to elastomers made using a single linker (eugenol) with multiple functional groups – elastomer morphology was controlled by changing order of addition. The development of aryl dense silicones is of interest for use in electronic devices. Phenylmethyl homopolymers and highly ordered phenyl pendant copolymers (Ph/Si ratio of 0.5-1.5) were synthesized from monomers to give polymers with high refractive indices (1.51-1.59) and Mw up to 170 kDa. Statistically relevant libraries of aryl functional silicones were developed using combinatorial chemistry in order to analyze their structure-property relationship. Incorporating aromatic groups into silicones worked to elevate thermal stability, refractive index and improve the mechanical strength of silicone rubbers. / Thesis / Doctor of Science (PhD) / Silicone fluids and elastomers possess numerous desirable characteristics which leads to their use in a wide range of applications in the automotive, electronics and biomedical fields, among others. Developing techniques to create well defined, ordered, modified silicones with improved optical properties, mechanical strength and thermal stability was the main focus of this thesis. These objectives were accomplished by incorporating aromatic groups into silicones using boron catalysis. Following the initial (intended) Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction, atmospheric moisture was utilized to promote further polymerization. Statistically relevant libraries of silicone elastomers were prepared using both standard and combinatorial chemistry techniques. This library of elastomers permitted the analysis of trends associated with small changes in elastomer formulation, which could not be accomplished using traditional one-by-one reaction methods in a timely fashion. The modified silicone materials exhibited high refractive indices (up to 1.59), elevated stiffness and improved thermal stability (maintain structure up to 500 °C) when compared to previously synthesized polymers.

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