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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Incorporação e liberação de resveratrol em hidrogéis poliméricos / Resveratrol immobilization and release in polymeric hydrogels

Momesso, Roberta Grazzielli Ramos Alves Passarelli 15 April 2010 (has links)
Resveratrol (3, 4, 5-trihidroxiestilbeno) é um polifenol produzido por uma grande variedade de plantas em resposta ao estresse e encontrado predominantemente em cascas de uvas. Este princípio ativo apresenta vários benefícios à saúde, como a capacidade antioxidante, relacionada à prevenção de diversos tipos de câncer e do envelhecimento precoce da pele. No entanto, apresenta baixa biodisponibilidade quando administrado por via oral, o que torna interessante sua aplicação tópica. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a incorporação de resveratrol em hidrogéis poliméricos para obtenção de um sistema de liberação utilizado topicamente contra o desenvolvimento de desordens cutâneas, como o envelhecimento cutâneo e o câncer de pele. As matrizes poliméricas compostas por poli(N-vinil-2-pirrolidona) (PVP), poli(etileno glicol) (PEG) e ágar ou PVP e propano-1,2,3-triol (glicerina) e irradiadas a 20 kGy foram caracterizadas pelos ensaios de fração gel e intumescimento; sua biocompatibilidade preliminar foi avaliada in vitro por meio do ensaio de citotoxicidade utilizando o método de incorporação do vermelho neutro. Devido à baixa solubilidade do resveratrol em água, verificou-se o efeito da adição de 2% de etanol às matrizes. Todas as matrizes estudadas, contendo ou não álcool, apresentaram alto grau de reticulação, capacidade de intumescimento e não apresentaram toxicidade em ensaio preliminar de biocompatibilidade. Os dispositivos foram obtidos pela incorporação de resveratrol nas matrizes poliméricas, realizada de forma direta e indireta, ou seja, antes e após irradiação, respectivamente. Os dispositivos obtidos pelo método direto foram submetidos aos ensaios de fração gel, intumescimento e citotoxicidade e apresentaram-se semelhantes às respectivas matrizes. Os dispositivos contendo 0,05% de resveratrol obtidos pelo método direto e os dispositivos contendo 0,1% de resveratrol obtidos pelo método indireto foram submetidos ao ensaio de cinética de liberação durante 24 h. A quantificação do resveratrol liberado foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Apenas os dispositivos obtidos pelo método indireto apresentaram capacidade de liberar o resveratrol incorporado, que apresentou capacidade antioxidante após liberação. / Resveratrol (3, 4, 5-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic produced by a wide variety of plants in response to injury and found predominantly in grape skins. This active ingredient has been shown to possess benefits for the health, such as the antioxidant capacity which is related to the prevention of several types of cancer and skin aging. However, the oral bioavailability of resveratrol is poor and makes its topical application interesting. The purpose of this study was to immobilize resveratrol in polymeric hydrogels to obtain a release device for topical use. The polymeric matrices composed of poli(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) and agar or PVP and glycerol irradiated at 20 kGy dose were physical-chemically characterized by gel fraction and swelling tests and its preliminary biocompatibility by in vitro test of cytotoxicity using the technique of neutral red uptake. Due to low solubility of resveratrol in water, the addition of 2% ethanol to the matrices was verified. All matrices showed a high crosslinking degree, capacity of swelling and the preliminary cytotoxicity test showed nontoxicity effect. The devices were obtained by resveratrol immobilizaton in polymeric matrices, carried out in a one-or-two-steps process, that is, before or after irradiation, respectively. The one step resveratrol devices were characterized by gel fraction, swelling tests and preliminary biocompatibility, and their properties were maintained even after the resveratrol incorporation. The devices containing 0,05% of resveratrol obtained by one-step process and 0,1% of resveratrol obtained by two-steps process were submitted to the release test during 24 h. Resveratrol quantification was done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained in the kinetics of release showed that only the devices obtained by two-step process release the resveratrol, which demonstrate antioxidant capacity after the release.
2

Incorporação e liberação de resveratrol em hidrogéis poliméricos / Resveratrol immobilization and release in polymeric hydrogels

Roberta Grazzielli Ramos Alves Passarelli Momesso 15 April 2010 (has links)
Resveratrol (3, 4, 5-trihidroxiestilbeno) é um polifenol produzido por uma grande variedade de plantas em resposta ao estresse e encontrado predominantemente em cascas de uvas. Este princípio ativo apresenta vários benefícios à saúde, como a capacidade antioxidante, relacionada à prevenção de diversos tipos de câncer e do envelhecimento precoce da pele. No entanto, apresenta baixa biodisponibilidade quando administrado por via oral, o que torna interessante sua aplicação tópica. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a incorporação de resveratrol em hidrogéis poliméricos para obtenção de um sistema de liberação utilizado topicamente contra o desenvolvimento de desordens cutâneas, como o envelhecimento cutâneo e o câncer de pele. As matrizes poliméricas compostas por poli(N-vinil-2-pirrolidona) (PVP), poli(etileno glicol) (PEG) e ágar ou PVP e propano-1,2,3-triol (glicerina) e irradiadas a 20 kGy foram caracterizadas pelos ensaios de fração gel e intumescimento; sua biocompatibilidade preliminar foi avaliada in vitro por meio do ensaio de citotoxicidade utilizando o método de incorporação do vermelho neutro. Devido à baixa solubilidade do resveratrol em água, verificou-se o efeito da adição de 2% de etanol às matrizes. Todas as matrizes estudadas, contendo ou não álcool, apresentaram alto grau de reticulação, capacidade de intumescimento e não apresentaram toxicidade em ensaio preliminar de biocompatibilidade. Os dispositivos foram obtidos pela incorporação de resveratrol nas matrizes poliméricas, realizada de forma direta e indireta, ou seja, antes e após irradiação, respectivamente. Os dispositivos obtidos pelo método direto foram submetidos aos ensaios de fração gel, intumescimento e citotoxicidade e apresentaram-se semelhantes às respectivas matrizes. Os dispositivos contendo 0,05% de resveratrol obtidos pelo método direto e os dispositivos contendo 0,1% de resveratrol obtidos pelo método indireto foram submetidos ao ensaio de cinética de liberação durante 24 h. A quantificação do resveratrol liberado foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Apenas os dispositivos obtidos pelo método indireto apresentaram capacidade de liberar o resveratrol incorporado, que apresentou capacidade antioxidante após liberação. / Resveratrol (3, 4, 5-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic produced by a wide variety of plants in response to injury and found predominantly in grape skins. This active ingredient has been shown to possess benefits for the health, such as the antioxidant capacity which is related to the prevention of several types of cancer and skin aging. However, the oral bioavailability of resveratrol is poor and makes its topical application interesting. The purpose of this study was to immobilize resveratrol in polymeric hydrogels to obtain a release device for topical use. The polymeric matrices composed of poli(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) and agar or PVP and glycerol irradiated at 20 kGy dose were physical-chemically characterized by gel fraction and swelling tests and its preliminary biocompatibility by in vitro test of cytotoxicity using the technique of neutral red uptake. Due to low solubility of resveratrol in water, the addition of 2% ethanol to the matrices was verified. All matrices showed a high crosslinking degree, capacity of swelling and the preliminary cytotoxicity test showed nontoxicity effect. The devices were obtained by resveratrol immobilizaton in polymeric matrices, carried out in a one-or-two-steps process, that is, before or after irradiation, respectively. The one step resveratrol devices were characterized by gel fraction, swelling tests and preliminary biocompatibility, and their properties were maintained even after the resveratrol incorporation. The devices containing 0,05% of resveratrol obtained by one-step process and 0,1% of resveratrol obtained by two-steps process were submitted to the release test during 24 h. Resveratrol quantification was done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained in the kinetics of release showed that only the devices obtained by two-step process release the resveratrol, which demonstrate antioxidant capacity after the release.
3

Compression and dissolution characteristics of paracetamol/polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersion systems

Lipman, Eleanor Clare January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
4

Préparation de nanocomposites fonctionnels microfibreux par électro-filage et fluoration / Preparation of functionnal microfibrous nanocomposites by electrospinning and fluorination

Zha, Jinlong 13 July 2016 (has links)
Il a été montré que l’addition de fluor en petite quantité sur la surface de nanotubes de carbone mono et multiparois engendre des radicaux à long temps de vie, caractérisés ici par RPE. Ce phénomène a pu être mis à profit pour initier la polymérisation du styrène, de l’acide acrylique ou encore de l’aniline. Les chaînes polymères formées apparaissent alors greffées à la surface des tubes. Il a été observé qu’un tel greffage facilite grandement la mise en suspension des nanotubes dans des solvants organiques. Ce travail s’est également attaché à exalter la complémentarité entre nouveaux matériaux fluorés et techniques avancées de mise en œuvre. Pour la première fois, l’incorporation de nanocarbones fluorés de différentes dimensionnalités (noirs de carbone, nanotubes, nanofibres, nanodisques) dans une matrice polymère électrofilée de polyvinylpyrrolidone a été réalisée. Les tissus nanocomposites microfibreux ainsi obtenus ont ensuite fait l’objet de traitements de re-fluoration en conditions douces, afin d’augmenter leur taux de fluor final et d’en modifier la texture. Les caractérisations par microscopie à balayage, RMN du solide et XPS ont permis d’établir que l’enrichissement en fluor de la matrice polymère et la structure multi échelle spectaculaire résultant du traitement de post-fluoration réalisé permettent d’induire la propriété de superhydrophobicité, mise en évidence par la mesure d’angles de contact avec l’eau supérieurs à 150°. / It has been shown that the addition of a small amount of fluorine to the surface of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes generates long life-time radicals, here studied by EPR. The latter phenomenon can be usefully harnessed to initiate the polymerization of styrene, acrylic acid or still aniline. The polymeric chains thus formed appear to be grafted to the tubes surface. It has been observed that such a grafting process highly increases the dispersibility of tubes in some organic solvents. This work also focused on illustrating how advanced processing techniques may complement the assets of novel fluorinated materials. Hence, the inclusion of fluorinated nanocarbons with varied dimensionalities (carbon black, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanodisks) into an electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer matrix has been achieved for the first time. The nanocomposite-based microfibrous membranes thus obtained have been reacted with gaseous fluorine in mild conditions, in order to increase their final fluorine content and modify their texture. Characterizations performed using scanning electron microscopy, solid state NMR and XPS have shown that both the fluorination of the polymer matrix and quite spectacular multiscale structure resulting from etching by fluorine induce superhydrophobicity, evidenced through contact angles of the membranes with water exceeding 150°.
5

The effect of addition of a dry binder on compaction properties of dry granulated particles

Esnaashari Esfahani, Rashin January 2021 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of content of a copovidone binder (0%, 5% and 10% w/w) and its addition method on compression and compaction properties of six MCCformulations following dry granulation. Briquetting was used to form dry granules for furthercharacterization. The mean yield pressure and fracture strength of granules were assessed at 300MPa on the basis of “in-die” Heckel and Adams model respectively. Then tablet tensile strengthof manufactured tablets was determined at 100 and 300 MPa. The results demonstrated thatintragranular addition of further binder (10%) to MCC could increase plasticity. However, therewas a drastic reduction in compactibility of dry granules mostly impacted by binding capacity ofthe binder. Generally, 5% intragranular:5% extragranular binder under a compaction pressure of300 MPa had the greatest binder efficacy on strength of pure MCC tablets while 10%extragranular binder improved tensile strength significantly at 100 MPa. PVP in a level of 5%w/w had no significant impact on tensile strength of tablets compacted at 100 and 300 MPa.
6

Injectable Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

Gilbert, Trevor January 2017 (has links)
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN’s) consist of two overlapping cross-linked networks that are not bonded to each other. Hydrogel IPN’s are of application interest due to properties such as mechanical reinforcement, modulated drug release and biodegradation kinetics, dual polymer activities in vivo, and novel nanostructured morphologies. Prior IPN hydrogels reported in the literature either required surgical implantation (disadvantageous for several reasons) or were polymerized in situ (limited to a small subset of biologically safe chemistries). Alternatively, we formed IPN’s using a mixing injector to deliver orthogonally reactive functionalized prepolymer solutions that gel upon contact. Specifically, we use hydrazone chemistry to gel a thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) network and kinetically orthogonal thiosuccinimide or disulfide chemistry to cross-link a second network of hydrophilic poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The resulting IPN’s preserve the thermoresponsive properties of the PNIPAM constituent but exhibit slower, smaller, and more reversible transitions due to entanglement with the highly hydrophilic PVP network (potentially useful to reduce the problem of burst release in thermoresponsive drug delivery systems). Mechanical reinforcement was evidenced by the increased shear storage modulus of IPN composites relative to the sum of the individual component moduli, particularly so in IPN’s employing the thiosuccinimide-cross-linked PVP. The nanostructure of the IPN hydrogels was further studied using small angle neutron scattering with contrast matching, and was found to combine features characteristic to each single network component (PNIPAM-rich static domains embedded in PVP-rich fractal clusters). However, our results suggest some slight changes to their scattering profiles, indicative of partial mixing or influence of each network structure upon the other. Corroborating investigations with single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, operating at a slightly larger length scale, show the formation of separate populations of mixed and individual domains or clusters of each polymer type. These properties suggest such injectable IPN’s for further investigation as prospective biomaterials. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis describes the development of overlapping but unconnected polymer networks formed by mixing of completely injectable polymer precursors. The interlocking pair of networks is based on one component that shrinks upon heating and the other component that offers the potential for biological adhesion. Entanglement between the two components renders them mutually reinforcing and changes the shrinking and reswelling behaviour of the temperature-responsive component. The structure of the composite network is also distinctive from either individual component, forming alternating, unevenly mixed regions richer in one or the other component. The composite’s properties are attractive for a potential bioadhesive drug delivery carrier and, in the future, a possible wound closure biomaterial.
7

Estudo da incorporação e liberação de um extrato de algas vermelhas em membranas de hidrogel / IMMOBILIZATION AND RELEASE STUDY OF A RED ALGA EXTRACT IN HYDROGEL MEMBRANES

Amaral, Renata Hage 30 July 2009 (has links)
Os hidrogéis estão dentre as matrizes poliméricas mais utilizadas em tecnologia farmacêutica em razão de sua vasta aplicação e funcionalidade, especialmente em sistema de liberação de fármacos. Tendo em vista o grande avanço nas inovações dos produtos cosméticos, tanto por meio da introdução de novos princípios ativos quanto pelas matrizes utilizadas para liberação controlada dos mesmos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar e avaliar a liberação de um princípio ativo natural, o ArctAlg®, em membranas de hidrogel, de modo a obter um dispositivo de liberação para fins cosméticos. O ArctAlg® é um extrato aquoso que possui uma excelente ação anti-oxidante, lipolítica, anti-inflamatória e citoestimulante. Foi realizado o estudo das propriedades mecânicas, físicoquímicas e a biocompatibilidade in vitro das membranas de hidrogéis de poli(vinil- 2- pirrolidona) (PVP) e poli(vinil álcool) (PVA) obtidas pela reticulação por radiação ionizante. A caracterização físico-química das matrizes poliméricas foi obtida pelos ensaios de fração gel e intumescimento e o de biocompatibilidade in vitro pelo ensaio de citotoxicidade pelo método de incorporação do vermelho neutro. No ensaio de fração gel tanto o hidrogel de PVP quanto o de PVA apresentaram um alto grau de reticulação. O hidrogel de PVP apresentou uma maior porcentagem de intumescimento em relação ao de PVA e no ensaio de citotoxicidade os hidrogéis mostraram-se atóxicos. A propriedade citoestimulante do ArctAlg® foi verificada no ensaio de citoestimulação com células fibroblásticas de pele de coelho, em que foi evidenciado um aumento de cerca de 50% das células quando em contato com 0,5% do princípio ativo. As membranas de hidrogel preparadas com 3% de ArctAlg® foram submetidas ao ensaio de liberação em incubadora a 37ºC e as alíquotas coletadas durante o ensaio foram quantificadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados obtidos na cinética de liberação mostraram que as membranas de hidrogel de PVP liberaram cerca de 50% do ArctAlg® incorporado e as de PVA em cerca de 30%. No ensaio de citoestimulação do ArctAlg® liberado, o dispositivo de PVP apresentou um aumento em cerca de 80% da população celular em relação ao controle do ensaio, mostrando ser o dispositivo mais indicado para ser utilizado em processos de reparação cutânea. / In pharmaceutical technology hydrogel is the most used among the polymeric matrices due to its wide application and functionality, primarily in drug delivery system. In view of the large advance innovations in cosmetic products, both through the introduction of new active agents as the matrices used for its controlled release, the objective of this study was to evaluate the release and immobilization of a natural active agent, the Arct\'Alg® in hydrogel membranes to obtain a release device for cosmetics. Arct\'Alg® is an aqueous extract which has excellent anti-oxidant, lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and cytostimulant action. Study on mechanical and physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility in vitro of hydrogel membranes of poly(vinyl-2- pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) obtained by ionizing radiation crosslinking have been performed. The physical-chemical characterization of polymeric matrices was carried out by gel fraction and swelling tests and biocompatibility by in vitro test of cytotoxicity by using the technique of neutral red incorporation. In the gel fraction test, both the PVP and PVA hydrogel showed a high crosslinking degree. The PVP hydrogel showed a greater percentage of swelling in relation to PVA and the cytotoxicity test of the hydrogels showed non-toxicity effect. The cytostimulation property of Arct\'Alg® was verified by the cytostimulation test with rabbit skin cells, it was showed an increase at about 50% of the cells when in contact with 0,5% of active agent. The hydrogel membranes prepared with 3% of Arct\'Alg® were subjected to the release test in an incubator at 37°C and aliquots collected during the test were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained in the kinetics of release showed that the PVP hydrogel membranes released about 50% of Arct\'Alg® incorporated and the PVA hydrogel membranes at about 30%. In the cytostimulation test of released Arct\'Alg®, the PVP device showed an increase at about 80% of cell population in relation of test control, showing to be the greater device to be used in processes of skin repair.
8

Obtenção de membranas de hidrogéis para tratamento alternativo de Leishmaniose Tegumentar / Obtaining membranes for alternative treatment hydrogels of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Oliveira, Maria José Alves de 28 May 2013 (has links)
Os hidrogéis foram obtidos a partir de material polimérico reticulado por processo de radiação ionizante de acordo com a técnica de Rosiak. Nos últimos 40 anos o uso dos hidrogéis têm sido investigado para diversas aplicações como curativos. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas membranas de hidrogéis com poli(N-2- pirolidona) (PVP), poli(álcool vinílico) (PVAl), quitosana e argila laponita em encapsulamento do fármaco para liberação controlada de glucantime sobre a superfície cutânea de tecidos lesados por leishmaniose. O tratamento tradicional dos pacientes infectados pelos parasitas é feito com antimoniato pentavalente de forma injetável. Entretanto estes antimoniatos são muito tóxicos e provocam efeitos colaterais nestes pacientes, além disso, pacientes portadores de doenças cardíacas e renais não podem fazer uso deste tratamento. No tratamento com membranas de hidrogéis aplicadas na superfície de tecidos lesados pela leishmaniose, o fármaco é liberado diretamente no ferimento de forma controlada, diminuindo os efeitos colaterais. As membranas preparadas neste trabalho foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX), análise de termogravimetria (TG), intumescimento, fração gel, espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). As caracterizações funcionais foram feitas com teste de citotoxicidade e de liberação do fármaco in vitro e in vivo, de acordo com o protocolo de ética do Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. O teste \"in vivo\" dessas membranas provou ser eficiente na liberação controlada de fármacos diretamente nas superfícies lesadas pela leishmaniose. Nos testes \"in vivo\" as membranas de PVP/PVAl/argila 1,5% e glucantime apresentaram evidente contribuição para redução do ferimento chegando a uma cura clínica. / Polymeric Hydrogels formed by crosslinked polymeric chains were obtained by ionizing radiation process according to Rosiak technique. In the last 40 years the use of hydrogels has been investigated for various applications as curatives. In this work hydrogel membranes were synthesized with poly (N-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan and laponita clay for use as a vehicle for controlled glucantime release on the surface of skin tissues injured by leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the bite of phlebotomies sandfly. The traditional treatment of patients infected by these parasites is done with pentavalent antimony in injectable form. However, these antimonates are highly toxic and cause side effects in these patients. In addition, patients with heart and kidney disease can not use this treatment. In treatment with drug delivery hydrogel membrane applied on the surface of leishmaniasis injured tissues the drug is released directly to the wound in a controlled manner, reducing the side effects. Membranes prepared in this study were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), swelling, gel fraction, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The characterizations of cytotoxicity and drug release were made \"in vitro\" and \"in vivo\" with functional test according to ethical protocol of the Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases at the Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo University-School of Medicine, University. The \"in vivo\" test of these membranes proved to be effective in controlled release of drugs directly into leishmaniasis damaged tissues. Results of \"in vivo\" tests using PVP/PVAl / clay 1,5% and glucantime membrane showed remarkable contribution to wound reduction and cure in clinical therapy.
9

Obtenção de membranas de hidrogéis para tratamento alternativo de Leishmaniose Tegumentar / Obtaining membranes for alternative treatment hydrogels of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Maria José Alves de Oliveira 28 May 2013 (has links)
Os hidrogéis foram obtidos a partir de material polimérico reticulado por processo de radiação ionizante de acordo com a técnica de Rosiak. Nos últimos 40 anos o uso dos hidrogéis têm sido investigado para diversas aplicações como curativos. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas membranas de hidrogéis com poli(N-2- pirolidona) (PVP), poli(álcool vinílico) (PVAl), quitosana e argila laponita em encapsulamento do fármaco para liberação controlada de glucantime sobre a superfície cutânea de tecidos lesados por leishmaniose. O tratamento tradicional dos pacientes infectados pelos parasitas é feito com antimoniato pentavalente de forma injetável. Entretanto estes antimoniatos são muito tóxicos e provocam efeitos colaterais nestes pacientes, além disso, pacientes portadores de doenças cardíacas e renais não podem fazer uso deste tratamento. No tratamento com membranas de hidrogéis aplicadas na superfície de tecidos lesados pela leishmaniose, o fármaco é liberado diretamente no ferimento de forma controlada, diminuindo os efeitos colaterais. As membranas preparadas neste trabalho foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX), análise de termogravimetria (TG), intumescimento, fração gel, espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). As caracterizações funcionais foram feitas com teste de citotoxicidade e de liberação do fármaco in vitro e in vivo, de acordo com o protocolo de ética do Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. O teste \"in vivo\" dessas membranas provou ser eficiente na liberação controlada de fármacos diretamente nas superfícies lesadas pela leishmaniose. Nos testes \"in vivo\" as membranas de PVP/PVAl/argila 1,5% e glucantime apresentaram evidente contribuição para redução do ferimento chegando a uma cura clínica. / Polymeric Hydrogels formed by crosslinked polymeric chains were obtained by ionizing radiation process according to Rosiak technique. In the last 40 years the use of hydrogels has been investigated for various applications as curatives. In this work hydrogel membranes were synthesized with poly (N-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan and laponita clay for use as a vehicle for controlled glucantime release on the surface of skin tissues injured by leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the bite of phlebotomies sandfly. The traditional treatment of patients infected by these parasites is done with pentavalent antimony in injectable form. However, these antimonates are highly toxic and cause side effects in these patients. In addition, patients with heart and kidney disease can not use this treatment. In treatment with drug delivery hydrogel membrane applied on the surface of leishmaniasis injured tissues the drug is released directly to the wound in a controlled manner, reducing the side effects. Membranes prepared in this study were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), swelling, gel fraction, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The characterizations of cytotoxicity and drug release were made \"in vitro\" and \"in vivo\" with functional test according to ethical protocol of the Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases at the Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo University-School of Medicine, University. The \"in vivo\" test of these membranes proved to be effective in controlled release of drugs directly into leishmaniasis damaged tissues. Results of \"in vivo\" tests using PVP/PVAl / clay 1,5% and glucantime membrane showed remarkable contribution to wound reduction and cure in clinical therapy.
10

Estudo da incorporação e liberação de um extrato de algas vermelhas em membranas de hidrogel / IMMOBILIZATION AND RELEASE STUDY OF A RED ALGA EXTRACT IN HYDROGEL MEMBRANES

Renata Hage Amaral 30 July 2009 (has links)
Os hidrogéis estão dentre as matrizes poliméricas mais utilizadas em tecnologia farmacêutica em razão de sua vasta aplicação e funcionalidade, especialmente em sistema de liberação de fármacos. Tendo em vista o grande avanço nas inovações dos produtos cosméticos, tanto por meio da introdução de novos princípios ativos quanto pelas matrizes utilizadas para liberação controlada dos mesmos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar e avaliar a liberação de um princípio ativo natural, o ArctAlg®, em membranas de hidrogel, de modo a obter um dispositivo de liberação para fins cosméticos. O ArctAlg® é um extrato aquoso que possui uma excelente ação anti-oxidante, lipolítica, anti-inflamatória e citoestimulante. Foi realizado o estudo das propriedades mecânicas, físicoquímicas e a biocompatibilidade in vitro das membranas de hidrogéis de poli(vinil- 2- pirrolidona) (PVP) e poli(vinil álcool) (PVA) obtidas pela reticulação por radiação ionizante. A caracterização físico-química das matrizes poliméricas foi obtida pelos ensaios de fração gel e intumescimento e o de biocompatibilidade in vitro pelo ensaio de citotoxicidade pelo método de incorporação do vermelho neutro. No ensaio de fração gel tanto o hidrogel de PVP quanto o de PVA apresentaram um alto grau de reticulação. O hidrogel de PVP apresentou uma maior porcentagem de intumescimento em relação ao de PVA e no ensaio de citotoxicidade os hidrogéis mostraram-se atóxicos. A propriedade citoestimulante do ArctAlg® foi verificada no ensaio de citoestimulação com células fibroblásticas de pele de coelho, em que foi evidenciado um aumento de cerca de 50% das células quando em contato com 0,5% do princípio ativo. As membranas de hidrogel preparadas com 3% de ArctAlg® foram submetidas ao ensaio de liberação em incubadora a 37ºC e as alíquotas coletadas durante o ensaio foram quantificadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados obtidos na cinética de liberação mostraram que as membranas de hidrogel de PVP liberaram cerca de 50% do ArctAlg® incorporado e as de PVA em cerca de 30%. No ensaio de citoestimulação do ArctAlg® liberado, o dispositivo de PVP apresentou um aumento em cerca de 80% da população celular em relação ao controle do ensaio, mostrando ser o dispositivo mais indicado para ser utilizado em processos de reparação cutânea. / In pharmaceutical technology hydrogel is the most used among the polymeric matrices due to its wide application and functionality, primarily in drug delivery system. In view of the large advance innovations in cosmetic products, both through the introduction of new active agents as the matrices used for its controlled release, the objective of this study was to evaluate the release and immobilization of a natural active agent, the Arct\'Alg® in hydrogel membranes to obtain a release device for cosmetics. Arct\'Alg® is an aqueous extract which has excellent anti-oxidant, lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and cytostimulant action. Study on mechanical and physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility in vitro of hydrogel membranes of poly(vinyl-2- pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) obtained by ionizing radiation crosslinking have been performed. The physical-chemical characterization of polymeric matrices was carried out by gel fraction and swelling tests and biocompatibility by in vitro test of cytotoxicity by using the technique of neutral red incorporation. In the gel fraction test, both the PVP and PVA hydrogel showed a high crosslinking degree. The PVP hydrogel showed a greater percentage of swelling in relation to PVA and the cytotoxicity test of the hydrogels showed non-toxicity effect. The cytostimulation property of Arct\'Alg® was verified by the cytostimulation test with rabbit skin cells, it was showed an increase at about 50% of the cells when in contact with 0,5% of active agent. The hydrogel membranes prepared with 3% of Arct\'Alg® were subjected to the release test in an incubator at 37°C and aliquots collected during the test were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained in the kinetics of release showed that the PVP hydrogel membranes released about 50% of Arct\'Alg® incorporated and the PVA hydrogel membranes at about 30%. In the cytostimulation test of released Arct\'Alg®, the PVP device showed an increase at about 80% of cell population in relation of test control, showing to be the greater device to be used in processes of skin repair.

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