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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Influência da Motilidade Gastrintestinal no processo de desintegração de comprimidos / Influence Gastrointestinal Motility on tablet disintegrating process

Pires, Deivid William [UNESP] 04 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by DEIVID WILLIAM PIRES null (mrpires_deivid@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-17T17:21:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Deivid_W_Pires_2016_Oficial.pdf: 3029833 bytes, checksum: 4441adbcd18e64fb116acadcd8de01e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-19T20:04:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pires_dw_me_bot.pdf: 3029833 bytes, checksum: 4441adbcd18e64fb116acadcd8de01e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T20:04:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pires_dw_me_bot.pdf: 3029833 bytes, checksum: 4441adbcd18e64fb116acadcd8de01e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A via oral de administração de fármacos é seguramente a mais empregada, não apenas pela facilidade de administração, mas também pela adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Dentre as formas de apresentação oral, os comprimidos são os mais utilizados, uma vez que são apresentações bastante seguras e estáveis. Para o desenvolvimento de novas formulações é essencial o conhecimento de parâmetros fisiológicos que possam influenciar no desempenho da forma farmacêutica. É possível supor que parâmetros da atividade motora do trato gastrintestinal podem trazer implicações significativas na biodisponibilidade de fármacos administrados por via oral. A Prucaloprida é um agonista do receptor 4-serotonina com conhecidos efeitos colocinéticos e possíveis efeitos procinéticos, acelerando a propulsão do conteúdo lumial. Assim, estudar o efeito da Prucaloprida no trânsito gastrintestinal se torna importante, já que pode influenciar no processo de desintegração de comprimidos e na biodisponibilidade de um fármaco. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da Prucaloprida no Trânsito Gastrintestinal e como esse efeito influi nos processos de desintegração de um comprimido e na biodisponibilidade do Metronidazol (marcador farmacocinético). Foram produzidos lotes de comprimidos contendo 100 mg de metronidazol, com e sem adição de ferrita na formulação, para estudar os fatores de correlação entre os perfis de dissolução, in vitro, e verificar a influência da ferrita no processo de dissolução do fármaco. Cada lote foi avaliado através de testes farmacotécnicos e avaliados segundo o perfil de dissolução. Para os experimentos in vivo, cada voluntário foi submetido a duas fases de estudos, em dias distintos, para avaliar a biodisponibilidade do metronidazol. Os dispositivos BAC multissensor e monossensor foram empregados para a avaliação em tempo real do processo de desintegração do comprimido e avaliar os parâmetros de trânsito no trato gastrintestinal. Os lotes de comprimidos com e sem ferrita tiveram perfis de dissolução significativamente diferentes para concentração dissolvida e eficiência de dissolução, mas apresentaram similaridade segundo o fator f2 proposto por Moore & Flaner, 1996, com variação máxima de 10% entre elas. Nos ensaios in vivo, o efeito do tratamento por prucaloprida provocou significativa redução no TEG e na biodisponibilidade do metronidazol sérico. A Prucaloprida, em dose de 1 mg, apresentou efeitos significativos no Trânsito Gastrintestinal e em parâmetros da biodisponibilidade do Metronidazol (MT), devido a rápida exposição do conteúdo gástrico ao intestino delgado e, dessa forma, alterando significativamente a taxa de absorção do MT. / The oral route of drugs administration is surely the most used, not only for being easily employed, but also due to the patient adhesion. Among them, tablets are the most common, since they present safe and stable features. In order to develop new formulations, it is essential to acknowledge some physiological parameters and their influence on the pharmaceutical form performance. It is possible to speculate that motor activity parameters of the gastrointestinal tract might interfere in the drug availability after oral administration. Prucalopride is a 4-serotonine receptor agonist with known colonkinetic and possible prokinetic effects, which accelerates the luminal content propulsion. Therefore, it is important to study its effects on the gastrointestinal transit, since it might influence the tablet disintegration process and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to assess the Prucalopride effect on the gastrointestinal transit and how it affects the tablet disintegration process and the Metronidazol (pharmacokinetic marker) bioavailability. Tablet batches were produced, 100 mg of Metronidazol, with and without ferrite, in order to study correlation factors between the in vitro dissolution process for each batch. The influence of the ferrite in the drug dissolution process was also evaluated. Each batch was assessed by pharmacokinetic tests and by their dissolution profile. On regards to the in vivo experiment, each volunteer was submitted to a two phase study, in distinct days, in order to assess the metronidazol bioavailability. Both monossensor and multissensor ACB systems were employed in the real time evaluation of the tablet disintegration process and in the assessment on the gastrointestinal transit parameters. Both tablet batches (with and without ferrite) showed different dissolution profiles for dissolved concentration and dissolution efficiency, although some similarities were found in the f2 factor, proposed by Moore & Flaner, 1996, with maximum variation of 10% between them. Regarding the in vivo study, the prucalopride treatment demonstrated a significant reduction effect in the gastric emptying time and in the serum metronidazol bioavailability. The prucalopride, at 1 mg, produced significant effects in the gastrointestinal transit and in the metronidazol bioavailability due to the fast exposure of the gastric content to the small bowel and, therefore, modifying significantly, the metronidazol absorption rate.
2

Influência da Motilidade Gastrintestinal no processo de desintegração de comprimidos

Pires, Deivid William. January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: José Ricardo de Arruda Miranda / Resumo: A via oral de administração de fármacos é seguramente a mais empregada, não apenas pela facilidade de administração, mas também pela adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Dentre as formas de apresentação oral, os comprimidos são os mais utilizados, uma vez que são apresentações bastante seguras e estáveis. Para o desenvolvimento de novas formulações é essencial o conhecimento de parâmetros fisiológicos que possam influenciar no desempenho da forma farmacêutica. É possível supor que parâmetros da atividade motora do trato gastrintestinal podem trazer implicações significativas na biodisponibilidade de fármacos administrados por via oral. A Prucaloprida é um agonista do receptor 4-serotonina com conhecidos efeitos colocinéticos e possíveis efeitos procinéticos, acelerando a propulsão do conteúdo lumial. Assim, estudar o efeito da Prucaloprida no trânsito gastrintestinal se torna importante, já que pode influenciar no processo de desintegração de comprimidos e na biodisponibilidade de um fármaco. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da Prucaloprida no Trânsito Gastrintestinal e como esse efeito influi nos processos de desintegração de um comprimido e na biodisponibilidade do Metronidazol (marcador farmacocinético). Foram produzidos lotes de comprimidos contendo 100 mg de metronidazol, com e sem adição de ferrita na formulação, para estudar os fatores de correlação entre os perfis de dissolução, in vitro, e verificar a influência da ferrita no processo de dissolução do fárm... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The oral route of drugs administration is surely the most used, not only for being easily employed, but also due to the patient adhesion. Among them, tablets are the most common, since they present safe and stable features. In order to develop new formulations, it is essential to acknowledge some physiological parameters and their influence on the pharmaceutical form performance. It is possible to speculate that motor activity parameters of the gastrointestinal tract might interfere in the drug availability after oral administration. Prucalopride is a 4-serotonine receptor agonist with known colonkinetic and possible prokinetic effects, which accelerates the luminal content propulsion. Therefore, it is important to study its effects on the gastrointestinal transit, since it might influence the tablet disintegration process and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to assess the Prucalopride effect on the gastrointestinal transit and how it affects the tablet disintegration process and the Metronidazol (pharmacokinetic marker) bioavailability. Tablet batches were produced, 100 mg of Metronidazol, with and without ferrite, in order to study correlation factors between the in vitro dissolution process for each batch. The influence of the ferrite in the drug dissolution process was also evaluated. Each batch was assessed by pharmacokinetic tests and by their dissolution profile. On regards to the in vivo experiment, each volunteer was submitted to a two phase study, in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
3

Particle size distribution (PSD) equivalency using novel statistical comparators and PBPK input models

Ngeacharernkul, Pratak 01 December 2017 (has links)
For disperse system drug formulations, meaningful particle size distribution (PSD) comparators are essential in determining pharmaceutical equivalency and predicting biopharmaceutical equivalence in terms of the effect of particle size on the rate and extent of drug input. In formulation development and licensure, particle size characterization has been applied to establish relationships for bioequivalence of generic pharmaceutical drug products. The current approaches recommended by the US-FDA using median and span are not adequate to predict drug product performances or account for multi-modal PSD performance properties. The use of PSD similarity metric and the development and incorporation of drug release predictions based on PSD properties into PBPK models for various drug administration routes may provide a holistic approach for evaluating the effect of PSD differences on in vitro release of disperse systems and the resulting pharmacokinetic impact on drug product performance. The objectives of this study are to provide a rational approach for PSD comparisons by 1) developing similarity computations for PSD comparisons and 2) using PBPK-models to specifically account for PSD effects on drug input rates via a subcutaneous (SQ) administration route. Two techniques for measuring PSDs of reference (reference-listed drug product) and test (generic) drug products were investigated: OVL and PROB, as well as the current standard measurements of median and span. In addition, release rate profiles of each product pair simulated from modified Bikhazi and Higuchi’s model were used to compute release rate comparators such as similarity factor (f2) and fractional time ratios. A subcutaneous input PBPK model was developed and used to simulate blood concentration-time profiles of reference and test drug products. Pharmacokinetic responses such as AUC, Cmax, and Tmax were compared using standard bioequivalence criteria. PSD comparators, release rate comparators, and bioequivalence metrics were related to determine their relationships and identify the appropriate approach for bioequivalence waiver. OVL showed better predictions for bioequivalence compared to PROB, median, and span. For release profile comparisons, the f2 method was the best for bioequivalence prediction. The use of both release rate (e.g., f2) and PSD (e.g., OVL) comparison metrics significantly improved bioequivalence prediction to about 90%.

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