Magistro darbe tiriama paprastojo buko (Fagus sylvatica L.) paplitimas, medynų sudėtis ir struktūra Norkaičių girininkijoje Darbo objektas – paprastojo buko medynai Norkaičių girininkijoje. Darbo metodai: Medynai su buku Norkaičių girininkijoje buvo parinkti dviejuose kvartaluose – 66 (sklypai 3; 4) ir 67 (sklypai 1;2), nes labiausiai juose buvo paplitęs paprastasis bukas. Parinkti tokie medynai: grynas bukynas (1 barelis Bu1-1); pušynas su paprastuoju buku (4 bareliai Bu3-1, Bu3-2; Bu4-1, Bu4-2); ąžuolynas su paprastuoju buku (2 bareliai - Bu2-1; Bu2-2). Buvo įrengti skrituliniai tyrimo bareliai, kuriuose nustatyta medyno struktūra, atskirų ardų dendrometrinė charakteristika, trako ir pomiškio rūšinė sudėtis ir gausumas, žolinės ir samanų dangos sudėtis ir gausumas. Darbo rezultatai. Didžiausias paprastojo buko medynų plotas buvo 1991 metais – 38.4 ha, dėl polajinių ir savaiminių želdinių įveisimo. Gryname bukyne vidutinis medyno amžius – 75 metai, skersmuo 1,3m. aukštyje – 25,1 cm, aukštis 25,8 cm, skerspločių suma – 25,1m2 / ha, tūris – 295 m3/ha. Gryname bukyne rasta paprastojo buko (10800 vnt/ha) ir paprastojo klevo (400 vnt/ha) savaiminukų. Pušynų su buko antruoju ardu vidutinis amžius buvo 70 metų, skersmuo 1,3 m aukštyje – 28,2 cm, bukų ardo vidutinis aukštis – 28,1 m, lajos skerspločių suma – 23,2 m2/ha, tūris -291 m3/ha. Šiame barelyje daugiausiai rasta paprastojo klevo savaiminukų ( 46000 vnt/ha mažiausiai – paprastojo buko... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final work searching simplex beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) spreading, trees composition and structure in Norkaiciai district. The object of the study – simplex beech trees in Norkaičiai district. Method of the study: trees with beech Norkaičiai district was choose in two blocks - 66 (3;4 plots) and 67 (1;2 plots) because there was a lot of simplex beech. Choose these: pure beech (1 plot Bu1-1); pine trees with beech (4 plots Bu3-1, Bu3-2, Bu4-1 Bu4-2); oak with beech (two plots Bu2-1-; Bu2-2). Was arrange circle analysis plots, there was establish trees structure, diferences layer characteristic, glade and forest kind speading and adbundance of plants. Results of the study. Maxima simplex beech stat in area esset in 1991 - 38,4 ha hospitiis et spontanea lignum plantationis herba. Beech stet aperta mediocris aetatis - 75, diametrum - 25,1 cm 25,8 cm altum, basalibus area - 25,1 m2/ ha, Volume - 295 m3/ha. Pure beech (10800 vnt/ha) and maple (200 vnt/ha) trees. Pinus with second beech layer 70 years, diametrum – 28,2 cm, fagus quatit mediocris altitudo - 28,1 m, coronam basalibus area - 23,2 m2/ha, Volume -291 m3/ha. In these area was most maple trees (46000 vnt/ha), beech (200 vnt.ha). Oak with second beech layer 70 years old, altitudo diametrum - 16,7 cm, in mediocris altitudo fagus - 23,9 m corona basalibus area - 17,1 m2/ha, Volume 194 m3/ha.

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Globaliojo optimizavimo metodai, pagrįsti Lipšico rėžių apskaičiavimu, yra plačiai taikomi įvairių optimizavimo uždavinių sprendimui. Tačiau Lipšico metodai dažniausiai remiasi prielaida, kad Lipšico konstanta žinoma iš anksto, o tai retas atvejis sprendžiant praktinius uždavinius. Todėl Simonos Talačkaitės magistro darbe yra toliau nagrinėjama aktuali ir svarbi problematika iškylanti realizuojant Lipšico metodus nesiremiančius jokiomis išankstinėmis prielaidomis apie Lipšico konstantą. Praktinio tiriamojo pobūdžio magistro darbe iškeliamas toks pagrindinis tikslas: ištirti daugiamačių simpleksinių globaliojo optimizavimo algoritmų su nežinoma Lipšico konstanta efektyvumą priklausomai nuo naudojamo simplekso centro. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: apžvelgti naujausią literatūrą skirta Lipšico metodams su nežinoma Lipšico konstanta; matematiškai išnagrinėti įvairių daugiamačių simplekso centrų apskaičiavimus bendru atveju bei juos realizuoti Matlab aplinkoje; papildyti simpleksinį globaliojo optimizavimo DISIMPL algoritmą šių simpleksų centrų apskaičiavimo paprogramėmis; eksperimentiškai ištirti pasiūlytų rezultatų praktiškumą sprendžiant testinius optimizavimo uždavinius. / This work analyzes Global optimization objectives, the most important it will be algorithms with simplicial Lipšico constant. Also, this work analyzes multidi- mensional DIRECT algorithm. We will provide dividing in higher dimennsions DIRECT algorithm. Then analyzes two simplex and apply the solutions. The hand simplex to smallerpartitions. Perceive multidimensional DIRECT algorithm division rules. In this work wrote a lot about simplicial center about dividing of hyoer-cube. Finally, the experiment it will be about the best way, how we can …nd circle center ir diferent way. Simplex centers using 8 test funkcions , changing the number of iterations and mistakes number. Create tables and to analyzes them. The purpose of this paper work is to introduce the simplex algorithm for global optimization with unknown Lipšicas constant depending on the e¢ ciency of the division of the rules used in the simplex.

There is a need for new antiviral drugs. Especially for the treatment of adenovirus infections, since no approved anti-adenoviral drugs are available. Adenovirus infections in healthy persons are most often associated with respiratory disease, diarrhea and infections of the eye. These infections can be severe, but are most often self-limiting. However, in immunocompromised patients, adenovirus infections are associated with morbidity and high mortality rates. These patients are mainly stem cell or bone marrow transplantation recipients, however solid organ transplantation recipients or AIDS patients may be at risk as well. In addition, children are at higher risk to develop disseminated disease. Due to the need for effective anti-adenoviral drugs, we have developed a cell based screening assay, using a replication-competent GFP expressing adenovirus vector based on adenovirus type 11 (RCAd11GFP). This assay facilitates the screening of chemical libraries for antiviral activity. Using this assay, we have screened 9800 small molecules for anti-adenoviral activity with low toxicity. One compound, designated Benzavir-1, was identified with activity against representative types of all adenovirus species. In addition, Benzavir-1 was more potent than cidofovir, which is the antiviral drug used for treatment of adenovirus disease. By structure-activity relationships analysis (SAR), the potency of Benzavir-1 was improved. Hence, the improved compound is designated Benzavir-2. To assess the antiviral specificity, the activity of Benzavir-1 and -2 on both types of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was evaluated. Benzavir-2 displayed better efficacy than Benzavir-1 and had an activity comparable to acyclovir, which is the original antiviral drug used for therapy of herpes virus infections. In addition, Benzavir-2 was active against acyclovir-resistant clinical isolates of both HSV types. To expand our search for compounds with antiviral activity, we turned to the natural products. An ethyl acetate extract library was established, with extracts derived from actinobacteria isolated from sediments of the Arctic Sea. Using our screening assay, several extracts with anti-adenoviral activity and low toxicity were identified. By activity-guided fractionation of the extracts, the active compounds could be isolated. However, several compounds had previously been characterized with antiviral activity. Nonetheless, one compound had uncharacterized antiviral activity and this compound was identified as a butenolide. Additional butenolide analogues were found and we proposed a biosynthetic pathway for the production of these compounds. The antiviral activity was characterized and substantial differences in their toxic potential were observed. One of the most potent butenolide analogues had minimal toxicity and is an attractive starting point for further optimization of the anti-adenoviral activity. This thesis describes the discovery of novel antiviral compounds that targets adenovirus and HSV infections, with the emphasis on adenovirus infections. The discoveries in this thesis may lead to the development of new antiviral drugs for clinical use.

While there has long been interest in the form of sexual selection in males, studies characterizing this selection in females remain sparse. Sexual selection on females is predicted for sex-role reversed Mormon crickets, where males are choosy of mates and nutrient-deprived females compete for matings to gain nutritious nuptial gifts. I used selection analyses to describe the strength and form of sexual selection on female morphology. There was no positive sexual selection on the female body size traits predicted to be associated with male preferences and female competition. Instead, I detected selection for decreasing head width and mandible length. Additionally, I tested the validity of a commonly-used instantaneous measure of mating success (mated vs. unmated) by comparing selection results with those determined using a more detailed fitness measure (cumulative mating rate). The two fitness measures yielded similar patterns of selection, supporting the common sampling method comparing mated and unmated fractions.

This thesis provides a deep study of the Reach Control Problem (RCP) for affine systems defined on simplices. Necessary conditions for solvability of the problem by open loop control are presented, improving upon the results in the literature which are for continuous state feedback only. So-called reach control indices are introduced and developed which inform on the structural properties of the system which cause continuous state feedbacks to fail. A novel synthesis method is presented consisting of a subdivision algorithm based on these indices and an associated piecewise affine feedback. The method is shown to solve RCP for all cases in the literature where continuous state feedback fails, provided it is solvable by open loop control. Textbook examples of existing synthesis methods for RCP are provided. The motivation for studying RCP and its relevance to complex control specifications is illustrated using a biomedical application.

This thesis studies the Reach Control Problem (RCP) for affine systems defined on simplices. The thesis focuses on cases when it is known that the problem is not solvable by continuous state feedback. Previous work has proposed (discontinuous) piecewise affine feedback to resolve the gap between solvability by open-loop controls and solvability by feedbacks. The first results on solvability by time-varying feedback are presented. Time-varying feedback has the advantage to be more robust to measurement errors circumventing problems of discontinuous controllers. The results are theoretically appealing in light of the strong analogies with the theory of stabilization for linear control systems. The method is shown to solve RCP for all cases in the literature where continuous state feedback fails, provided it is solvable by open loop control. Textbook examples are provided. The motivation for studying RCP and its relevance to complex control specifications is illustrated using a material transfer system.

While there has long been interest in the form of sexual selection in males, studies characterizing this selection in females remain sparse. Sexual selection on females is predicted for sex-role reversed Mormon crickets, where males are choosy of mates and nutrient-deprived females compete for matings to gain nutritious nuptial gifts. I used selection analyses to describe the strength and form of sexual selection on female morphology. There was no positive sexual selection on the female body size traits predicted to be associated with male preferences and female competition. Instead, I detected selection for decreasing head width and mandible length. Additionally, I tested the validity of a commonly-used instantaneous measure of mating success (mated vs. unmated) by comparing selection results with those determined using a more detailed fitness measure (cumulative mating rate). The two fitness measures yielded similar patterns of selection, supporting the common sampling method comparing mated and unmated fractions.

This thesis provides a deep study of the Reach Control Problem (RCP) for affine systems defined on simplices. Necessary conditions for solvability of the problem by open loop control are presented, improving upon the results in the literature which are for continuous state feedback only. So-called reach control indices are introduced and developed which inform on the structural properties of the system which cause continuous state feedbacks to fail. A novel synthesis method is presented consisting of a subdivision algorithm based on these indices and an associated piecewise affine feedback. The method is shown to solve RCP for all cases in the literature where continuous state feedback fails, provided it is solvable by open loop control. Textbook examples of existing synthesis methods for RCP are provided. The motivation for studying RCP and its relevance to complex control specifications is illustrated using a biomedical application.