The purpose of this study was to research the therapeutic outcomes achieved by a five year-old boy with Asperger Syndrome (AS), by means of non-directive processes of child centred play therapy (CCP) and sand tray play therapy (STP). In this investigative-descriptive qualitative research design, a saturated, holistic, intrinsic single case study was used as research method. The therapeutic process, events and outcomes of a unique single case within the context of AS, non-directive play therapy and the interactional-pattern analysis (IPA), are described. This study was motivated by the fact that the researcher disposed of data for a unique single case study that could contribute meaningfully to the need for a research database that describes effective therapeutic interventions and outcomes with children with AS. From the perspective of Rogerian person-centred theory (RPT), the literature study focused on an integrated discussion of AS, CCP and STP by means of 17 interpersonal variables of the interactional-pattern analysis (IPA). The following data sources was investigated: interviews with parents and teachers; CCP-sessions of J recorded on video; photos of some of J’s STP-sessions and the therapists’ process notes. Triangulation was used to evaluate the various categories of therapeutic outcomes from different viewpoints and to give meaning to them. The conclusions indicated that this boy with AS had used the non-directive processes of CCP and STP to achieve various therapeutic outcomes in the areas of: imaginary play; dramatic play; social interaction with the therapist, parents, family, teachers, his peer group and with strangers; traumatic experiences during visits to the doctor and bath times; identification, expressing and regulating emotions; and minimising acting out behaviour. Therapeutic outcomes have been demonstrated in 8 IPA-variables, namely: empathy, defining of relationships, potential to evoke acceptance or rejection, sincere interest and congruent conduct, control, emotional distance, problem solving and aspects relating to the presenting problem. The conclusion was reached that the conduct of the boy with AS as well as his mother and the therapist, played a mutual role in achieving his therapeutic outcomes within the 17 IPA-variables. The unstructured process of the non-directive play (CCP and STP) was utilised by a young child with AS to achieve therapeutic outcomes that relate to his everyday existence. A final conclusion is that involving the boy’s mother in his therapy and utilising an adapted Filial play program, enabled the mother to make emotional contact with her son and to diminish conflict between them. Guidelines for therapists are suggested with regard to non-directive responding in therapeutic contexts as found in this study. Furthermore, the contribution of this research to Psychology as science and discipline, is presented. Limitations of this study are indicated and recommendations for further research are made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Psigologie))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

A logística representa uma importante e complexa função de apoio dentro do hospital, assegurando a correta e ótima movimentação dos fluxos de materiais, informações e pessoas, a fim de que os cuidados médicos (competência essencial) sejam prestados com eficácia aos pacientes. Pode-se perceber, no entanto, que embora as atividades logísticas possuam um caráter estratégico, tanto em relação ao custo que representam para as finanças hospitalares, quanto para o nível de serviço prestado e a consequente percepção do paciente, alguns hospitais não a possuem de maneira bem estruturada e desenvolvida, principalmente dentro do setor público. Dessa forma, considerando a relevância da logística hospitalar, afirma-se que a busca de melhorias na execução de suas atividades pode trazer benefícios diretos ao hospital e aos seus clientes internos (colaboradores) e externos (pacientes e familiares). É nesse contexto que se insere o lean healthcare, abordagem advinda do Sistema Toyota de Produção. Baseado em princípios e ferramentas voltados a eliminação de desperdícios, criação de valor para o cliente e melhoria contínua, a produção enxuta já tem sido aplicada com sucesso para otimizar as atividades no ambiente hospitalar. O objetivo desta pesquisa é, portanto, desenvolver uma proposta de aplicação das ferramentas do lean healthcare na gestão da logística hospitalar, em uma unidade laboratorial de um hospital público de ensino. Classificada como uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, foi adotado o método do estudo de caso único e realizado em um hospital público de ensino, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo. Cinco etapas foram definidas como roteiro de execução: mapeamento da situação atual, seminários de aprovação, projeção de uma situação futura, análise dos resultados esperados e estudo de viabilidade para aplicação. Ao final, a contraposição entre a literatura revisada e as informações do caso estudado permitiu subsidiar a construção da proposta de aplicação das ferramentas do lean healthcare na logística hospitalar. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é, portanto, prática, caracterizada como um roteiro de ações a serem adotadas ao longo do processo de implantação. Espera-se que tal proposta seja uma possível referência aos gestores dos hospitais que desejem implantar as ferramentas do lean healthcare na gestão logística dos fluxos de materiais, pacientes e informações. / Logistics is an important and complex hospital support area that allows the correct and optimal flow of material, information and people. Its activities are part of hospital strategy, because of cost that they represent and the impact on the quality of the service perceived by the patient. Despite of these relevant characteristics, some hospitals do not have a developed and well-structured logistics area, mainly on public sector. Therefore, considering the importance of hospital logistics, looking forward improvements on its activities would benefit internal customers (workers) and external (patients and parents). In this context, lean healthcare, approach emerged from Toyota, could be presented. Based on principles and tools that eliminate waste, create value to customer and continues improvement, lean production has been successfully applied to optimize hospital activities. Thus, the goal of this research is develop an application proposal of lean healthcare tools in hospital logistics, into a laboratory of a public teaching hospital. Classified like an exploratory and qualitative research, the single case method was adopted and executed into a public teaching hospital, located in São Paulo state. Five steps were defined like a sequence of execution: current state mapping, approval seminars, prediction of a future state, analysis of expected results and study of viability to do the application. In the end, the comparison between the reviewed literature and the case informations allowed the construction of an application proposal of lean healthcare tools in hospital logistics. Therefore, the main contribution of this research is practical, described like a sequence of prescribed actions to be adopted during the process of implantation. It is expected that this proposal could be a reference for hospital managers who want to apply lean healthcare tools on logistics\' management of material, patient and information flow.

A logística representa uma importante e complexa função de apoio dentro do hospital, assegurando a correta e ótima movimentação dos fluxos de materiais, informações e pessoas, a fim de que os cuidados médicos (competência essencial) sejam prestados com eficácia aos pacientes. Pode-se perceber, no entanto, que embora as atividades logísticas possuam um caráter estratégico, tanto em relação ao custo que representam para as finanças hospitalares, quanto para o nível de serviço prestado e a consequente percepção do paciente, alguns hospitais não a possuem de maneira bem estruturada e desenvolvida, principalmente dentro do setor público. Dessa forma, considerando a relevância da logística hospitalar, afirma-se que a busca de melhorias na execução de suas atividades pode trazer benefícios diretos ao hospital e aos seus clientes internos (colaboradores) e externos (pacientes e familiares). É nesse contexto que se insere o lean healthcare, abordagem advinda do Sistema Toyota de Produção. Baseado em princípios e ferramentas voltados a eliminação de desperdícios, criação de valor para o cliente e melhoria contínua, a produção enxuta já tem sido aplicada com sucesso para otimizar as atividades no ambiente hospitalar. O objetivo desta pesquisa é, portanto, desenvolver uma proposta de aplicação das ferramentas do lean healthcare na gestão da logística hospitalar, em uma unidade laboratorial de um hospital público de ensino. Classificada como uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, foi adotado o método do estudo de caso único e realizado em um hospital público de ensino, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo. Cinco etapas foram definidas como roteiro de execução: mapeamento da situação atual, seminários de aprovação, projeção de uma situação futura, análise dos resultados esperados e estudo de viabilidade para aplicação. Ao final, a contraposição entre a literatura revisada e as informações do caso estudado permitiu subsidiar a construção da proposta de aplicação das ferramentas do lean healthcare na logística hospitalar. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é, portanto, prática, caracterizada como um roteiro de ações a serem adotadas ao longo do processo de implantação. Espera-se que tal proposta seja uma possível referência aos gestores dos hospitais que desejem implantar as ferramentas do lean healthcare na gestão logística dos fluxos de materiais, pacientes e informações. / Logistics is an important and complex hospital support area that allows the correct and optimal flow of material, information and people. Its activities are part of hospital strategy, because of cost that they represent and the impact on the quality of the service perceived by the patient. Despite of these relevant characteristics, some hospitals do not have a developed and well-structured logistics area, mainly on public sector. Therefore, considering the importance of hospital logistics, looking forward improvements on its activities would benefit internal customers (workers) and external (patients and parents). In this context, lean healthcare, approach emerged from Toyota, could be presented. Based on principles and tools that eliminate waste, create value to customer and continues improvement, lean production has been successfully applied to optimize hospital activities. Thus, the goal of this research is develop an application proposal of lean healthcare tools in hospital logistics, into a laboratory of a public teaching hospital. Classified like an exploratory and qualitative research, the single case method was adopted and executed into a public teaching hospital, located in São Paulo state. Five steps were defined like a sequence of execution: current state mapping, approval seminars, prediction of a future state, analysis of expected results and study of viability to do the application. In the end, the comparison between the reviewed literature and the case informations allowed the construction of an application proposal of lean healthcare tools in hospital logistics. Therefore, the main contribution of this research is practical, described like a sequence of prescribed actions to be adopted during the process of implantation. It is expected that this proposal could be a reference for hospital managers who want to apply lean healthcare tools on logistics\' management of material, patient and information flow.

A generalized design-comparable effect size modeling and estimation for multiple baseline designs across individuals has been proposed and evaluated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood method in a hierarchical linear model using R. This report evaluates the exact approach of the modeling and estimation by SAS. Three models (MB3, MB4 and MB5) with same fixed effects and different random effects are estimated by PROC MIXED procedure with REML method. The unadjusted size and adjusted effect size are then calculated by matrix operation package PROC IML. The estimations for the fixed effects of the three models are similar to each other and to that of R. The variance components estimated by the two software packages are fairly close for MB3 and MB4, but the results are different for MB5 which exhibits boundary conditions for variance-covariance matrix. This result suggests that the nlme library in R works differently than the PROC MIXEDREML method in SAS under extreme conditions. / text

Sustainable development is an eternal topic and the enterprise’ sustainability provides the answer. Furthermore, emerging market’s sustainable development is frequently mentioned recently due to the serious pollution and waste due to the blind pursuit of higher GDP (Colm, 2012). This paper aims to find out the drivers and barriers of green supply chain management (GSCM) implementation; and figure out how to strengthen the relationship between green purchasing (GP) and GSCM based on the single-case study of Guitang Group. Combining the qualitative and quantitative method, we try to explore and describe the influence on GSCM development caused by the specific background of China. Based on the suggestions of how to strengthen the relationships between GP and GSCM, it will be more efficient for us to find a suitable way for manufacturing industrial companies in China to achieve the path from green purchasing to green supply chain management.

The purpose of this study was to research the therapeutic outcomes achieved by a five year-old boy with Asperger Syndrome (AS), by means of non-directive processes of child centred play therapy (CCP) and sand tray play therapy (STP). In this investigative-descriptive qualitative research design, a saturated, holistic, intrinsic single case study was used as research method. The therapeutic process, events and outcomes of a unique single case within the context of AS, non-directive play therapy and the interactional-pattern analysis (IPA), are described. This study was motivated by the fact that the researcher disposed of data for a unique single case study that could contribute meaningfully to the need for a research database that describes effective therapeutic interventions and outcomes with children with AS. From the perspective of Rogerian person-centred theory (RPT), the literature study focused on an integrated discussion of AS, CCP and STP by means of 17 interpersonal variables of the interactional-pattern analysis (IPA). The following data sources was investigated: interviews with parents and teachers; CCP-sessions of J recorded on video; photos of some of J’s STP-sessions and the therapists’ process notes. Triangulation was used to evaluate the various categories of therapeutic outcomes from different viewpoints and to give meaning to them. The conclusions indicated that this boy with AS had used the non-directive processes of CCP and STP to achieve various therapeutic outcomes in the areas of: imaginary play; dramatic play; social interaction with the therapist, parents, family, teachers, his peer group and with strangers; traumatic experiences during visits to the doctor and bath times; identification, expressing and regulating emotions; and minimising acting out behaviour. Therapeutic outcomes have been demonstrated in 8 IPA-variables, namely: empathy, defining of relationships, potential to evoke acceptance or rejection, sincere interest and congruent conduct, control, emotional distance, problem solving and aspects relating to the presenting problem. The conclusion was reached that the conduct of the boy with AS as well as his mother and the therapist, played a mutual role in achieving his therapeutic outcomes within the 17 IPA-variables. The unstructured process of the non-directive play (CCP and STP) was utilised by a young child with AS to achieve therapeutic outcomes that relate to his everyday existence. A final conclusion is that involving the boy’s mother in his therapy and utilising an adapted Filial play program, enabled the mother to make emotional contact with her son and to diminish conflict between them. Guidelines for therapists are suggested with regard to non-directive responding in therapeutic contexts as found in this study. Furthermore, the contribution of this research to Psychology as science and discipline, is presented. Limitations of this study are indicated and recommendations for further research are made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Psigologie))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Over the past several decades, secular schools in North America have been expected to impart moral education to students. An array of approaches, strategies, methods, and philosophical and theoretical orientations for doing so are promoted in education literature. Two, in particular, have also been politically endorsed in Ontario, Canada—character education and community service. Yet, there remains discrepancy among teachers’ practices, knowledge, awareness, and intentions. Anecdotal reports indicate that relatively few teachers provide a consistent and comprehensive moral education, and those who do, act primarily on their own initiative and at their own discretion. Previous empirical evidence suggests that teachers who are moral agents conceive of, enact, and reflect on a personally developed form of moral education, which is embedded in the moral and ethical dimensions of school and classroom life, curriculum, and pedagogy. This single-case study aims to broaden and deepen the scholarship of moral agency as moral education, by exploring the question How does a teacher, who prioritizes the moral education of students, envision, enact and reflect on that moral education. Positioning myself as a conduit, within what is often considered to be a closed-door culture of teaching, I metaphorically opened one teacher’s classroom door and exposed her practices. The result is a uniquely comprehensive and genuine portrait of moral agency, which details the use of a variety of strategies and methods for imparting morality. These include intentionally modelling moral behaviours, conduct and dispositions; fostering relationships with and among students; creating a classroom community; delivering virtues lessons and messages; encouraging discussions of a moral nature; nurturing self-discipline in students; providing opportunities for community service; and assessing students’ social and moral development. The harmonious co-existence of these strategies and methods within one classroom and one teacher’s practice; the complementary and supportive way in which the teacher makes use of them; and their independence of any particular philosophical or theoretical orientation for moral education, represent the main insights of this study. These insights suggest that moral education in a secular classroom might be more comprehensively understood and promoted as moral agency.

Over the past several decades, secular schools in North America have been expected to impart moral education to students. An array of approaches, strategies, methods, and philosophical and theoretical orientations for doing so are promoted in education literature. Two, in particular, have also been politically endorsed in Ontario, Canada—character education and community service. Yet, there remains discrepancy among teachers’ practices, knowledge, awareness, and intentions. Anecdotal reports indicate that relatively few teachers provide a consistent and comprehensive moral education, and those who do, act primarily on their own initiative and at their own discretion. Previous empirical evidence suggests that teachers who are moral agents conceive of, enact, and reflect on a personally developed form of moral education, which is embedded in the moral and ethical dimensions of school and classroom life, curriculum, and pedagogy. This single-case study aims to broaden and deepen the scholarship of moral agency as moral education, by exploring the question How does a teacher, who prioritizes the moral education of students, envision, enact and reflect on that moral education. Positioning myself as a conduit, within what is often considered to be a closed-door culture of teaching, I metaphorically opened one teacher’s classroom door and exposed her practices. The result is a uniquely comprehensive and genuine portrait of moral agency, which details the use of a variety of strategies and methods for imparting morality. These include intentionally modelling moral behaviours, conduct and dispositions; fostering relationships with and among students; creating a classroom community; delivering virtues lessons and messages; encouraging discussions of a moral nature; nurturing self-discipline in students; providing opportunities for community service; and assessing students’ social and moral development. The harmonious co-existence of these strategies and methods within one classroom and one teacher’s practice; the complementary and supportive way in which the teacher makes use of them; and their independence of any particular philosophical or theoretical orientation for moral education, represent the main insights of this study. These insights suggest that moral education in a secular classroom might be more comprehensively understood and promoted as moral agency.

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Text in English / This exploratory study creates a post-modern narrative context for psychotherapy and extends these ideas to an individual living with a psychiatric disorder, namely obsessive-compulsive disorder. The present study explores OCD through the ecosystemic perspective and aims to obtain a holistic understanding of an individual's experience of living with OCD and to describe the recursive connections between OCD and the individual's ecological context. This investigation includes the re-authoring therapy of Michael White and David Epston and the application of their ideas to the individual's life story. A qualitative method within the naturalistic paradigm is employed focussing on the unique experience of the individual, which allows for an understanding of the individual's personal meaning. The dominant narratives, that emerged from the individual's life story, were deconstructed. Significant shifts in attribution of meaning took place. / Psychology / M.A.(Clinical Psychology)