Submitted by PPG Letras (letraspg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-07T12:21:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Beatrice Vieira dos Santos Witt.pdf: 893638 bytes, checksum: fd539c8bb1fb964ccd6c941054a435fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-15T14:32:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Beatrice Vieira dos Santos Witt.pdf: 893638 bytes, checksum: fd539c8bb1fb964ccd6c941054a435fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T14:36:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Beatrice Vieira dos Santos Witt.pdf: 893638 bytes, checksum: fd539c8bb1fb964ccd6c941054a435fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims to study the translation and adaptation of jokes, puns and wordplays from American English to Brazilian Portuguese and analyze them based on Relevance Theory. This theory is about the cognitive aspect of interpretation and understanding of propositions from a sender by a receiver, through pragmatic and semantic processes. It was proposed for the first time by Sperber and Wilson in 1986 and it is based on the pragmatic theories developed by Grice (1989), which states that most human communication is the expression and the recognition of the intentions. Also, in addition to the Relevance Theory, other theories were also considered about humor, what expectation it creates in the listener, and theories about how the translator can reach this expectation in the process of translating into another language and adapting to another culture ? to the point of generating a similar effect on the receiver. The objects of this study were selected from humorous animated and live-action series and its translated and adapted versions. Examples of successful jokes, puns and humorous speech were selected as well as unsuccessful one (they fulfilled or not the expectation of reaching the desired meaning when they were translated and adapted to expressions or equivalent jokes in the target language). The ones which were considered as not successful lost the funniness or made no sense in Portuguese because of the lack of knowledge about the culture or the English language aspects by the target-language audience. The first step of this analysis was to compare the orally spoken text by the characters of four American series, two animated and two with actors, in the original English version in its version dubbed into Brazilian Portuguese. After that, the texts were analyzed and transcribed under the principles of Relevance Theory. The results of the analysis indicate that there are several possibilities for translation when the point is to try to maintain the mood of the dialogue, not forgetting that the translated text, to be dubbed, needs to fit the character's speaking time so that his voice does not become desynchronized. Considering these aspects, we could conclude that each case requires a calculation between cost and benefit and that it is not possible to generalize that the adaptive translation is always the most effective when translating a text with the purpose of using it in dubbing, but the adaptive translation is the one that has the most chances to fulfill the objective. Some of the analyzed examples have retained their same potential humor in both original and in translated versions, because they have been adapted not only to equivalent words and expressions in the target language, but also to drastic changes from a US reference to a Brazilian one. Other ones lost their humor and reference when they were translated, since in Brazilian Portuguese it was not possible to make the inference that the original text invites to do. Finally, one of the examples showed that a literal translation can also maintain the humor if it is not tied to something particularly cultural of the United States or to some peculiarity of the English language. / Esta disserta??o visa estudar a tradu??o e adapta??o de piadas, trocadilhos e jogos de palavras do ingl?s para o portugu?s brasileiro, e analis?-las com embasamento na Teoria da Relev?ncia. Essa Teoria trata do aspecto cognitivo de interpreta??o e entendimento de enunciados propostos por um emissor por parte de um receptor, atrav?s de processos pragm?ticos e sem?nticos. Ela foi proposta, pela primeira vez, por Sperber e Wilson em 1986 e se baseia nas teorias pragm?ticas desenvolvidas por Grice (1989), que afirma que a maior parte da comunica??o humana ? a express?o e o reconhecimento das inten??es. Al?m da Teoria da Relev?ncia, tamb?m foram consideradas teorias a respeito do humor, qual a expectativa que ele cria no ouvinte, e teorias a respeito de como o tradutor pode efetivar essa expectativa no processo de tradu??o para outra l?ngua e adapta??o para outra cultura ? a ponto de gerar um efeito semelhante no receptor. Os objetos deste estudo foram selecionados a partir de seriados, animados ou com atores reais, de cunho humor?stico traduzidos e adaptados. Foram selecionados exemplos em que as piadas, trocadilhos e/ou jogos de palavras foram bemsucedidos (cumpriram a expectativa de atingir o sentido desejado ao terem sido adaptadas para express?es ou piadas equivalentes na l?ngua-alvo) e outros que n?o foram bem-sucedidos (foram traduzidas sem adapta??o a ponto de n?o fazer sentido para um nativo de l?ngua portuguesa sem conhecimento da l?ngua do texto em quest?o ou de algum aspecto cultural necess?rio para compreens?o). O primeiro passo dessa an?lise foi comparar o texto dito oralmente pelos personagens de quatro s?ries americanas, sendo duas animadas e duas com atores, na vers?o original em ingl?s na sua vers?o dublada para o portugu?s brasileiro. Depois disso, analisamos os textos transcritos sob os princ?pios da Teoria da Relev?ncia. Os resultados da an?lise indicam que existem v?rias possibilidades de tradu??o quando a quest?o ? tentar manter o humor do di?logo, sem esquecer que o texto traduzido, para ser dublado, precisa se adequar ao tempo de fala do personagem para que sua voz n?o fique dessincronizada. Considerando esses aspectos, pudemos concluir que cada caso exige um c?lculo entre custo e benef?cio e que n?o ? poss?vel generalizar que a tradu??o adaptativa ? sempre a mais eficaz na hora de traduzir um texto com o objetivo de us?-lo em dublagem, mas a tradu??o adaptativa ? a que possui mais chances de cumprir o objetivo. Dentre os exemplos analisados, alguns mantiveram seu potencial de humor tanto na vers?o original quanto na tradu??o, porque foram devidamente adaptados, n?o somente para palavras e express?es equivalentes na l?ngua-alvo, mas com mudan?as dr?sticas de uma refer?ncia americana para uma brasileira. Outros textos perderam o humor e a refer?ncia quando foram traduzidos, uma vez que no portugu?s brasileiro n?o foi poss?vel fazer a infer?ncia que o texto original convida a fazer. Por fim, um dos exemplos mostrou que uma tradu??o literal tamb?m pode manter o humor se ele n?o est? atrelado a algo cultural particular dos Estados Unidos ou a alguma peculiaridade da l?ngua inglesa.