Background Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) associated infective dermatitis, first described by Sweet in Jamaican children, is a pattern of eczema characterized by exudation, crusting around the nostrils, ears and scalp with eventual appearance of a generalized fine papular rash. More recently LeGranade and co-workers have proposed major and minor criteria in establishing the diagnosis of HTLV-I associated infective dermatitis (HAID). HTLV-I has been aetiologically linked to Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). HAID is not only a marker of childhood infection with HTLV-I but may be a harbinger of more serious HTLV-I associated diseases later on in life such as ATLL or TSP. The pathogenesis of HAID is poorly understood so are the histopathological features of this entity. The effects of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus- 1 (HIV-1) are inconclusive. HAID is described in Sub Saharan Africa, Senegal but no data is published on this entity in Southern Africa, characterizing the clinical, laboratory features and the histopathology of this entity. Aims and Objectives 1) To describe the clinical and histological features of HTLV-I associated infective dermatitis in KZN, South Africa 2) To determine the virological characteristics of HTLV-I in KZN, South Africa 3) To assess for HTLV-I / HIV co-infection Methods This was a prospective study of all patients with HAID who presented to King Edward VIII hospital (KEH), outpatient department over a period of 42 months. These were patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of HAID. Enrolled patients were subjected to a confirmatory HTLV-I serology testing. Demographic data was obtained from all HTLV-I seropositive patients. Their clinical examination included dermatological, neurological and pathological examination. A blood count, immunoglobulin levels, serum protein electrophoresis measuring albumin levels and globulin fractions were measured. For bacteriological assessment skin swabs were taken from the affected sites with stool samples examined for parasites, ova and cysts. The HIV-1 status together with HIV-1 viral load were determined on those enrolled. The CD4 count, CD8 counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were also calculated. Skin biopsies were taken for histological examination. PCR for HTLV subtyping was performed on a subset of the cohort. Results Demography Of the 60 patients recruited, 33 fulfilled criteria for HAID. The majority of patients fell between age categories of 6 to lOyears. The male to female ratio was 1:1. There were more females in the adult group than there were within the childhood group. All of the patients in our cohort were African. Clinical features The lesions were erythematous, scaly, exudative, and crusted in all cases. The distribution of lesions was as follows: scalp (77.4%), retroauricular areas (71%), the axilla (65%) and paranasal areas (58%) were the sites more commonly affected. Nasal crusting was not a significant feature in this series. Bacteriology Culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in 90%, with streptococcal group of organisms found in 68% of the skin swabs taken from the lesional skin. Haematological Our patients were mildly anaemic as has been shown in previous studies. They had a mean Hb of 11.5g/dl. In 12 of the 14 patients tested, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated. Serum protein electrophoresis and levels of Immunoglobulin A, G and M were raised. The mean CD4 count in the entire group was elevated at 1730 cells/fil, CD8 was 1299 cells/ul Histopathology The major histological findings were as follows: 38% demonstrated a superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, 28% had a superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory infiltrate together with a lichenoid dermatitis, 12.9% had features of superficial and deep inflammatory infiltrate with an interface dermatitis, 6.4% revealed features of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Genotyping Our patients were infected with the strains belonging to the Cosmopolitan, A Subtype (HTLV-Ia). Complications Complications were low in this series with the commonest being scabies in 6(18.1%), corneal opacities in 3(8.6%), 2(6 %) with HAM/TSP. No parasitic worm infestations were isolated. HIV/HTLV-I co-infection Of the 33 patients, 9 (30 %) were co-infected with HIV. The mean viral load in this group was 52 000 copies/ml. Their mean CD4 count was also elevated at 1505cells/^il with a CD8 of 1704 cells/Mi and a CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.15. Discussion Thirty three of the 60 patients enrolled met the diagnosis for HAID according to the established criteria. The mean age in this series was 17 years (range: 8 months-46 years)however; almost a third (30.3%) were children under 12 years, reinforcing the entity as a childhood infective condition. There was an equal male female distribution in the childhood group and a female predominance in the adult group. Clinically patients presented with infected erythematous, scaly lesions mainly on the scalp, neck and post- auricular area. The clinical features were in keeping with other series worldwide. The complication rate was low in our cohort. S. aureus was the predominant organism in both anterior nares and lesional skin. The most common histological pattern was superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory infiltrate. The subtype in our series was the Cosmopolitan Subtype A (HTLV-Ia) as opposed to subtype B in Japan. We share with Brazil a common subtype. A subset of our patients (30%) was co-infected with HIV. The CD4 cell count in this subgroup was lower than the entire group but this was not statistically significant. The histological patterns found in this subgroup infected with HIV were similar to the rest of the group except for a more intense eosinophilic infiltrate in these skin biopsy specimens. Conclusion HTLV-I associated infective dermatitis is distinct entity which affects the African population of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. It is predominantly a disease of childhood with an equal female to male ratio in children. The clinical features are an exudative, erythematous scaly rash most commonly found involving the scalp, axillae, paranasal and retroauricular areas. HTLV-I positivity is essential for the diagnosis; the Cosmopolitan Subtype A is commonest in South Africa. The commonest histological pattern is a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate in 38%. A subset, 30%, was co-infected with HIV. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universite Paris 6--Pierre et Marie Curie, 1998. / Title from Summary page ; description based on resource as of 2005-06-17. "Année 1998." Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Carla Raquel Fontana / Banca: Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha Camargo / Banca: Juliana Cabrini Carmello / Resumo: A Acne vulgar é uma das mais comuns doenças dermatológicas atingindo adolescentes e adultos. A principal causadora da acne é a infecção pela bactéria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Atualmente, as opções de tratamento para acne vulgar são numerosas, porém muitas vezes com extensos efeitos colaterais. Fatores como resistência aos antibióticos, e a ação inicial lenta das terapias tópicas têm levado pesquisadores a buscar tratamentos alternativos. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia da inativação fotodinâmica mediada por curcumina dissolvida em caldo (TrypcticSoyBroth) TSB e solução de sacarose 0,5% e a combinação dessa terapia com a tetraciclina, contra P. acnes em fase planctônica e biofilme. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada através da quantificação das colônias formadas por mililitro de amostra (UFC/mL). A concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) da tetraciclina sobre P. acnes foi determinada através do método de microdiluição em caldo. Foi realizada a avaliação da biomassa total e inibição da formação do biofilme através do método de coloração por cristal violeta 0,5%. A análise estatística dos dados foi feita através do teste de Análise de Variância (oneway ANOVA) com pós-teste de Tukey. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que a terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (TFDa) mediada por curcumina foi eficiente na redução microbiana quando realizada a quantificação das colônias formadas, comparada ao grupo controle negativo em forma planctônica ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Acne vulgar is one of the most common dermatological and adult diseases. The main cause of acne is an infection by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes).Currently there are many treatment options for acne vulgaris, although often with extensive side effects. Factors such antibiotics resistance and slow initial action of topical therapies that led researchers to seek alternative treatments. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation in broth (Tryptic Soy Broth) TSB and 0.5% sucrose solution and the combination of this therapy with tetracycline against planktonic phase P. acnes and biofilm. Cell viability was evaluated by quantification of the colonies formed per milliliter of sample (CFU / mL). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of tetracycline over P. acnes was determined by the broth microdilution method. The evaluation of the total biomass and inhibition of the formation of the biofilm was performed through the method of staining by violet crystal 0.5%. The statistical analysis of the data was done through the variance analysis (ANOVA one way) test with Tukey's post test. The results of this study showed that curcumin-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (TFDa) was efficient in microbial reduction when quantification of the colonies was performed, compared to the negative control group in planktonic form as well as in biofilm both diluted in TSB broth and in solution sucrose 0.5% being able to reduce all bacterial load. A reduction of more than 28% of the total biofilm biomass and an inhibition of more than 70% was achieved after treatment. It was possible to conclude that curcuminmediated TFDa dissolved in TSB broth and 0.5% sucrose solution was efficient for the total reduction of the planktonic and biofilm microbial load. Curcumin... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-10-22T16:48:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T16:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-10-22T16:48:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T16:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Cânceres de pele não melanoma (CPNM) representam 95% das neoplasias cutâneas, dentre as quais o carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é a forma mais agressiva devido a seu padrão de crescimento invasivo e possivelmente metastático. O padrão ouro para o diagnóstico é o exame clínico e avaliação histopatológica, que são subjetivos e dependem da experiência do médico e patologista envolvidos no procedimento. Considerando que o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para alcançar um tratamento com resultados favoráveis, o presente trabalho utilizou a espectroscopia FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) para avaliar as alterações bioquímicas em pele normal causadas por lesões neoplásicas precursoras de carcinoma espinocelular. Para isto, as lesões foram induzidas quimicamente no dorso de camundongos Swiss via aplicação tópica de 9,10-dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno (DMBA) e 12-tetradecanoforbol-13-acetato (TPA) por um período de 28 semanas. Os espectros de absorção no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier foram coletados na região do infravermelho médio (4000-400 cm-1) no modo de reflexão total atenuada (ATR) e pré-processados para análise posterior. Considerou-se a amplitude da segunda derivada dos espectros de absorção como critério de comparação entre os grupos, nos quais foi observado redução de fibras colágenas e glicogênio no tecido neoplásico, assim como o aumento na intensidade de absorção de modos vibracionais associados a ácidos nucleicos e conteúdo proteico. A técnica de análise por agrupamento (HCA) foi utilizada para classificação dos espectros de tecidos normal e neoplásico, na qual obteve-se 92,6% de acurácia na discriminação dos dados. Diante disso, conclui-se que a espectroscopia FTIR associada a análise por agrupamento apresenta-se como uma potencial ferramenta para complementar a análise histopatológica na rotina clínica durante o diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The use of medicinal plants for treatment of skin infections and improvement of skin tone was assessed. The study covered Amathole and OR Tambo municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study sought to identify and document some medicinal plants which are used by the indigenous people on the skin, evaluate some biological properties which attribute to their use for therapeutic use. This report provides ethnobotanical data on some plant which were identified. Six medicinal plants (Kniphofia drepanophylla, Gnidia capitata, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Syzgium cordatum, Macaranga capensis and Protorhus longifolia) which were implicated for treatment of skin diseases were screened for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Guided questionnaires were used to interview and gather ethnobotanical information from the traditional healers. Members of the communities which were indicated to be knowledgeable on use of medicinal plants in the areas were visited and interviewed. The results revealed that a total of 45 plant species distributed in 41 Genera belonging to 28 Families are used for treatment of skin infections and improvement of skin texture. The plant medicines were reported to be used as remedies against common skin problem such as wounds, pimples, acnes and itches. Some were reported to have anti-inflammatory effect on the skin while other were reported to oil dry skin and prevent skin dryness and dry eczematous conditions. Others like Cassipourea flanaganii, and Spirostachys africana were commonly used to enlighten skin and protect skin from ultra-violet radiation. The most common mode of preparation of these medicinal plants was pastes or decoctions. Sometimes crushed plant materials were put in bathing water or boiled and steamed on affected parts. It was reported that mixing pastes with oil, animal fat and milk improve medicinal properties. Water, methanol and acetone extracts of K. drepanophylla, G. capitata, H. hemerocallidea, S. cordatum, M. capensis and P. longifolia were screened against five strains of Gram negative bacteria. The results revealed that water extracts from five plant species inhibited two or more strains of bacteria with the most common minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 5,0 to 10,0 mg/ml with the exception of aqueous extracts of K. drepanophylla which failed to inhibit all strains of bacteria. The screening of methanol extract of these plants for antioxidant and free radical activity revealed a significant activity with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (DPPH). The extracts of P. longifolia, G. capitata, M. capensis, S. cordutum and H. hemerocallidea showed significantly higher free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of ranging from about 11.0 to 41.2 μg/ ml while the IC50 value for K. drepanophylla could not be determined at 100 μg/ ml. Generally the study showed that medicinal plants still play a very important role in the health care delivery system, especially in the O R Tambo and Amathole municipalities of the Eastern Cape. Botanical medicine remains pivotal in the treatment of skin ailments and improvement of the skin tone.

No description available.

Skin cancer is a major medical problem. If not detected early enough, skin cancer like melanoma can turn fatal. As a result, early detection of skin cancer, like other types of cancer, is key for survival. In recent times, deep learning methods have been explored to create improved skin lesion diagnosis tools. In some cases, the accuracy of these methods has reached dermatologist level of accuracy. For this thesis, a full-fledged cloud-based diagnosis system powered by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with near dermatologist level accuracy has been designed and implemented in part to increase early detection of skin cancer. A large range of client devices can connect to the system to upload digital lesion images and request diagnosis results from the diagnosis pipeline. The diagnosis is handled by a two-stage CNN pipeline hosted on a server where a preliminary CNN performs quality check on user requests, and a diagnosis CNN that outputs lesion predictions. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection