The report presents a thesis carried out on behalf of the company SAAB Training and Simulation which is situated in Huskvarna. The authors of this report are going to graduate as mechanical engineers focusing on product development and design, and this thesis should reflect the knowledge obtained during the education. The assignment, given from the company was to develop a concept of a stand that will constitute as a part of a mobile system for target practice. The reader get to follow throughout the project and can hopefully learn from the smart solutions and approaches that have arisen during the process.Today SAAB doesn’t have a mobile application in their portfolio that utilizes the benefits of their sensor measuring system, also called the LOMAH-bar. The system allows direct feedback to the shooter, which is preferred for training when the purpose is to improve the accuracy. The company’s request was a mobile stand that can be transported together with the LOMAH-bar and accessories in a box. This stand should easily get installed at a shooting range for practice and demounted just as fast after finishing the practice.In order to arrive at a final concept different methods and theories has been taken into account. To test and explore ideas several different experiments has been made and people in the surroundings has been interrogated to act as test subjects to reach a desired result. The final concept was a construction with a smart design. Simple configurations that offered the necessary functional solutions and a low amount of components made the choice fall on this particular design.The thesis gives the company a concept for a possible future product. By having access to this concept, the product can be demonstrated and shown to potential customers before the product is fully developed. This enables the company to ensure interest in the product early in the development stage.

This thesis studies the life and work of Lars Skytte (1610-1696), a Swedish Ambassador to Portugal who converted to Catholicism and became a Franciscan theologian, in relation to the concept of Truth. For Skytte, Truth and Catholicism are synonymous. The thesis focuses on his semi-autobiographical book Peregrinatio sancta fratris Laurentii a D. P. Sueci (1658). As a sort of intellectual biography, this study aims at situating Skytte within the context of post- reformation rhetoric and theological thought. The main question guiding the thesis is in what way Lars Skytte argues for the Truth of the Catholic Church, as opposed to what he terms ‘schismatic’ and ‘heretical’ movements. Following a set of identified arguments for the Catholic Church as the religio vera, the thesis looks at how they are employed in various ways to answer the overarching question.

Skytte med eldhandvapen skapar buller, utsläpp av farliga ämnen och risk för att avlossade projektiler missar sina mål och istället hamnar utanför skjutbanan. Att förlägga skjutbanor inomhus löser vissa av dessa problem. Samtidigt kan risken för att utsättas för farliga ämnen öka för dem som brukar skjutbanan. En nyckelfaktor för att omhänderta dessa farliga ämnen och därmed skapa en god arbetsmiljö på inomhusskjutbanan är att ventilationen fungerar på rätt sätt. Syftet med detta arbete är främst att utvärdera hur ventilationen på inomhusskjutbanor bör utformas för att ventilera bort de hälsofarliga ämnen som uppstår. Arbetet har särskilt fokuserat på blyföroreningar men resultatet är generaliserbart även för många andra föroreningar som är aktuella. Arbetet är en del av Fortifikationsverkets pågående projekt om framtidens inomhusskjutbanor. Gränssättande för ventilationen är att arbetsmiljön på en inomhusskjutbana måste uppfylla relevanta arbetsmiljökrav. Utöver frågan om ventilation belyses även andra aspekter som är av vikt för att säkra en god arbetsmiljö. Arbetet har baserats på en forskningsöversikt där material från 1975 och fram till idag har studerats. Sökningarna har skett både strukturerat och riktat. Den strukturerade sökningen har skett i Web of Science och Scopus. Arbetet har identifierat de normer som används internationellt och som också har legat till grund för många av de skjutbanor som uppförts i Sverige. Vidare har arbetet identifierat den ursprungliga rapport som merparten av den tillgängliga litteraturen baserats på. I denna ursprungliga rapport har vi även identifierat viktiga frågetecken angående vilka grundförutsättningar som denna rapport baserats på. Resultatet av forskningsöversikten är att skjutbanor bör projekteras med laminärt flöde (“kolvströmning”) från skyttarna och mot kulfånget. Ventilationen bör projekteras med ett flöde på mellan 0,25 och 0,4 m/s. Ett bra verktyg under projekteringen är CFD-simuleringar. Med dessa kan olika tekniska lösningar utvärderas och för befintliga skjutbanor kan även orsak till eventuella problem undersökas. CFD-simuleringsresultaten bör i görligaste mån verifieras mot uppmätta värden. Vidare är både städning och personlig hygien viktiga faktorer för att arbetsmiljön på en inomhusskjutbana skall vara god. Ytskikt som är lätta att städa skall väljas och förutsättningar för att hantera både tvätt av arbetskläder och personlig hygien skall finnas. Dessa resultat knyts ihop under diskussionskapitlet där två grundläggande scenarier formuleras, ett för en nybyggnation och ett för en ombyggnad av en befintlig inomhusskjutbana. / The use of firearms creates noise pollution, release of toxic elements and a risk that the projectiles miss the targets and end up outside of the firing range. One of the solutions to these issues is to erect walls and a roof around the range, and thus create an indoor firing range. This might however increase the range users’ exposure to toxic elements related to the discharge of firearms. To mitigate this the indoor firing range needs a properly designed and well-functioning ventilation system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how ventilation systems for indoor firing ranges should be designed in order to remove the toxic elements released when shooting. The study is primarily focused on lead pollution, but the results can also be generalised for a multitude of other relevant pollutants. The study is part of the Swedish Fortifications Agency (Fortifikationsverket) project regarding the design of future indoor firing ranges. The design parameters for ventilation systems at indoor firing ranges are regulated by the occupational safety and health regulations. In the final part of the study the authors also address other important aspects to create a safe working environment at indoor firing ranges. This study is conducted as a research review where literature from 1975 up until today has been studied. Search terms based on permutations of “shooting”, “firing”, “range”, “ventilation” and “firearm” have been used in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The resulting list, after being culled for duplicates and “false positives”, contained approximately 70 articles. Reviewing these articles let us identify the design parameters used both internationally and nationally in Sweden. We also identified the original report that most of the internationally available literature is based upon. In this Bachelor of Science thesis, we also raise some questions related to the original report and the prerequisites it was based upon. The result of the research survey is that the ventilation for indoor firing ranges should be designed for laminar flow (piston flow) in the direction from the shooters towards the bullet trap. The air flow should be between 0,25 and 0,4 m/s (50 to 75 feet per minute). A good tool when designing the range ventilation is CFD simulations. CFD simulations allow for early phase evaluation of different design solutions. Similar simulations can also be used when problem solving problems on already existing ranges, if any. Furthermore, both cleaning and personal hygiene are crucial components to achieve a safe working environment at indoor firing ranges. To facilitate cleaning the range should have surface materials that are non-porous and easy to clean. Washing facilities for work clothes and personal hygiene should be present. These results are addressed as part of the discussion chapter in the Bachelor of Science thesis where two basic scenarios are formulated, one for building a new indoor firing range, and one for redesigning an existing indoor firing range.

This thesis is an intellectual biography of the Swedish statesman Johan Skytte (1577–1645), focusing on his educational ideals and his contributions to educational reform in the early Swedish Age of Greatness. Although born a commoner, Skytte rose to be one of the most powerful men in Sweden in the first half of the seventeenth century, serving three generations of regents. As a royal preceptor and subsequently a university chancellor, Skytte appears as an early educational politician at a time when the Swedish Vasa dynasty initiated a number of far-reaching reforms, including the revival of Sweden’s only university at the time (in Uppsala). The contextual approach of the thesis shows how Skytte’s educational reform agenda was shaped by nationally motivated arguments as well as by a Late Renaissance humanist heritage, celebrating education as the foundation of all prosperous civilizations. Utilizing a largely unexplored source material written mostly in Latin, the thesis analyzes how Skytte’s educational arguments were formed already at the University of Marburg in the 1590s, where he learned to embrace the utility-orientated ideals of the French humanist Petrus Ramus (1515–1572). Moreover, the analysis shows that the expanding Swedish state administration in the early seventeenth century was in urgent need of educated civil servants, and that this basic demand favored an ideology based on education, skill and merit. It is shown that Skytte skillfully combined a Ramist and patriotic rhetoric with narratives of individual merit and rewards, conveying not least himself as an example. The thesis argues that Skytte’s rhetoric reflects the formation of a new professional category in the Swedish society, one that was distinguished from the royal courtier, the clergyman, the merchant, the warrior, and the scholar. This category is the professional civil servant whose identity was dependent on skills and education.